Opiods/ controlled substances

Question 1

opioids originally come from what plant

Answer 1

poppies (papaver somniferum)

Question 2

Opioid mechanism of action

Answer 2

stimulate receptors in brain and spinal cord which would normally be stimulated by endorphines (bind to specific opioid receptors)

Question 3

what are endorphins

Answer 3

natural pain killers

Question 4

what opioids cause for patients

Answer 4

analgesia, sedation (no anesthesia)

Question 5

The Mu opioid receptors cause

Answer 5

analgesia

Question 6

the kappa opioid receptors cause

Answer 6

sedation and analgesia

Question 7

the delta opioid receptors cause

Answer 7

analgesia

Question 8

the sigma opioid receptors cause

Answer 8

hallucinations

Question 9

what are “pure agonist” opioids

Answer 9

opioids that stimulate all the receptors

Question 10

examples of pure agonists

Answer 10

fentanyl, morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone

Question 11

what are partial agonists opdioids

Answer 11

only partially stimulate receptors (Buprenorphine)

Question 12

what are agonist/antagonist opioids

Answer 12

stimulate some receptors, block others (Butorphanol)

Question 13

difference between an agonist and antagonist

Answer 13

agonist stimulates, antagonist blocks

Question 14

what opioids are used for

Answer 14

preanesthetic (less analgesia needed), as part of induction protocol (sed/anal), postoperative/ongoing analgesia, antitussive

Question 15

can opioids be safely mixed with other agents

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

desirable effects of opioid drugs

Answer 16

most effective analgesics, sedation in some (mostly dogs), antitussive

Question 17

undesirable effects of opioid drugs (behvaiors)

Answer 17

may easily startle/reactive to noise, may cause excitement/bizarre behavior, esp if given IV (more so in cats and horses), high doses in dogs can cause narcosis.

Question 18

For cats, how should you administer opioid drugs

Answer 18

IM, lower doses

Question 19

define narcosis

Answer 19

a sleep-like state

Question 20

define antitussive

Answer 20

anti-cough

Question 21

undesirable effects of opioid drugs (objective bodily changes)

Answer 21

bradycardia, decreased RR/ tidal volume, hyperthermia (cats), hypothermia (dogs), miosis in dogs, mydriasis in cats (horses &ruminants), initial salivation vomit or diarrhea, GI stasis/constiation (repeated doses)

Question 22

define a controlled substance

Answer 22

drug w potential for physical/psychological dependence/abuse

Question 23

what administration oversees controlled substances

Answer 23

DEA (drug enforcement admin. of the us govern.)

Question 24

what controlled substance schedule:

extreme potential for abuse, no known accepted medical use, only available to researchers

Answer 24

C-I

Question 25

examples of C-1 drugs

Answer 25

heroin, LSD, marijuana

Question 26

what controlled subs. schedule:

high potential for abuse/dependence, therapeutic value, highest schedule that can be purchased by a vet

Answer 26

C-II

Question 27

examples of C-II drugs

Answer 27

morphine, pentobarbital, codeine

Question 28

what controlled subs. schedule:

moderate potential for abuse/dependence, therapeutic value

Answer 28

C-III

Question 29

examples of C-III drugs

Answer 29

Ketamine, Telazol, Pentothal, Tylenol w/ codeine, cough meds w codeine

Question 30

what controlled subs schedule:

low potential

Answer 30

C-IV

Question 31

examples of C-IV drugs

Answer 31

Diazapam, phenobarbital

Question 32

What controlled subs schedule:

v low potential,subject to state/local regulations

Answer 32

C-V

Question 33

examples of C-V drugs

Answer 33

LoMotil(decreases peristalsis for diarrhea), Robitussan w/ codeine)