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Anes > Pre-anes Drugs(anticholinergics) > Flashcards

Pre-anes Drugs(anticholinergics) Flashcards

1
Q

Why we use preanesthetic drugs

A

Protect against features of anes drugs, or to augment anes drugs (meaning we can use less of the anes drug)

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2
Q

Anticholinergics are also called

A

Parasympatholytics

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3
Q

What cholinergic refers to

A

Acetylcholine

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4
Q

Role of acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter for parasympathetic NS

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5
Q

Diff between parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

A

Para: controls everyday functions, neurotransmitter=acetylcholine
Sympathetic: fight or flight
Neurotransmitter =epinephrine (adrenaline)

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6
Q

What anticholinergics do within the body, the mechanism of action

A

Block ability of acetylcholine to bind to nerves, blocks Acetylcholine receptors

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7
Q

When the parasympathetic NS is stimulated it produces ______ effects

A

Cholinergic effects

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8
Q 
Cholinergic effects: (when acetylcholine/ PS NS stimulated it causes...)
HR
GI Tract 
Bronchi 
Eyes
Salivary glands 
Tear production
A 
HR: decrease 
GI tract: peristalsis stimulated 
Bronchi: normal size, constricted 
Eyes: pupils normal size, constricted 
Salivary glands: salivation increase 
Tear production: increase
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9
Q

Cranial nerve X (10)

What it does

A

Vague nerve

Innervate (supplies nerves to) parasympathetic NS, controls heart, GI Tracy, Bronchi

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10
Q

Things that unintentionally stimulate vagus nerve ( suppressed by using anticholinergic drugs)

A

Intubation, traction on organs during surgery

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11
Q

How anticholinergics effect the: heart

A

Prevents bradycardia, May cause tachycardia

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12
Q

How anticholinergics effect the:

GI tract

A

Decreases peristalsis and likelihood of V/D

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13
Q

Why anticholinergics bad in larger animals

A

can Cause bloat in cattle or colic in horses

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14
Q

How anticholinergics effect the:

Bronchi

A

Dilates, assists w respiration

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15
Q

How anticholinergics effect the:

Eyes

A

Pupils dilate (mydriasis) good for eye exams

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16
Q

How anticholinergics effect the:

Saltatory glands

A

Decrease salvation (v evident in cats, dry mouths)

17
Q

How anticholinergics effect the:

Tear ducts

A

Decreased tear production

18
Q

Which of the following do anticholinergic drugs NOT do:

Tranquilize, provide analgesia, anesthetize

A

All of the above

19
Q

Define ileus

A

GI tract stasis (slow or stoppage)

20
Q

What HR range is considered tachycardic in dogs and cats

A

Dogs: >140-160
Cats: >180-200

21
Q

Contraindications (when to not use anticholinergic drugs)

A

Large animals, use caution in cats Bc unpredictable, tachycardic animals, heart patients, constipated animals

22
Q

Full name of Atropine drug

A

Atropine sulfate

23
Q

Atropine is extracted from what plant?

A

Nightshade plant ( Atropa belladonna)

24
Q

2 strengths atropine comes in

A

.54 mg/ml or 1mg/ml

25
Q

Atropine duration

A

1-1.5 hours

26
Q

Signs of an atropine overdose

A

Excitement, v dry mouth, thirst, extreme or extended mydriasis, tachycardia

27
Q

Reversing agent for atropine

A

Physostigmine

28
Q

Why we can use atropine to treat organophosphate poisoning

A

O phosphates inhibit the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine (acetylcholinesterase) therefore, the acetylcholine that isn’t being broken down can be blocked from receptors

29
Q

atropine can also be used as an Antispasmodic medication, meaning

A

drug that Controls diarrhea

30
Q

atropine can also be used as a Mydriatic drug, meaning

A

Dilates pupils

31
Q

Glycopyrrolate lasts ____ as long as atropine, how long?

A

Twice (2-3 h)

32
Q

Why glycopyrronium is used for rabbits and not atropine

A

Some rabbits produce atropinase (enzyme that breaks down atropine), atropine doesn’t effect them

33
Q

Motion sickness anticholinergic drug (human med)

A

Scopolamine

34
Q

Normal HR for dogs and cats

A

Dogs: 60-160 bpm (puppies up to 220)
Cats: 100-200 bpm

Anes (29 decks)

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