Monitoring Devices Flashcards
what a pulse oximeter measures
SpO2- saturation of peripheral O2
pulse- via a plethysmograph
this monitoring device uses a probe w a light source emitting red and infrared light
pulse oximeter
how a pulse oximeter measures SpO2 (how the light works)
red light emitted from probe reflects off tissue, hemoglobin absorbs red or infrared light (depends on if its carrying O2 or not), sensor records difference in light emitted vs coming thro tissue
difference between a transmission probe and reflective probe (pulse oximeter)
transmission- “clothespin”, light on one side, sensor on other
reflective- source and sensor next to eachother
where to place pulse oximeter probe
on thin, hairless, non-pigmented skin
areas where only reflective probe can be placed
esophagus, rectal mucosa, underside of tail
normal
borderline
hypoxic
and cyanotic SpO2 levels
normal >95%
borderline 90-95% (alarm will sound)
hypoxic <90%
cyanotic < 85%
most common cause of methemoglobin
tylenol/ acitaminiphine poisoning in cats
what is methemoglobin
hemoglobin unable to carry O2 to tissues (genetic or from toxicities like cig smoke inhalation)
what is an electrocardio gram
tracing of electrical activity of the heart (beating)
how animal is postioned and where to put electrodes for EKG/ECG
R lateral recumbency, place 4 electrodes proximal to knees/ elbows
On an EKG, what P QRS and T represent
P= atrial contraction QRS= ventricles contracting T= repolarization of ventricles
how we measure rate and quality of respirations
viewing bag or auscultating w stethoscope
where is apnea monitor located
sensor mounted between ET tube and breathing circuit
what an apnea monitor measures
when does it alam
change in air temp of inspir and expir
alarm if breath hasnt been taken in given amount of time
where is capnograph located
mounted between ET tube an breathing circuit
what a capnograph measures
CO2 inspired and expired
what a capnograph reading should be upon inspiration and expiration
insp- 0mmHg
exp- 35-55 mmHg
what is a doppler
transmiitts ultrasound waves tho acoustic gel, detects moving blood (sound waves reflected back to probe)
what a doppler is used for
determine if blood is flowing to a limb
also can be used w sphygmomanometer and BP cuff to determine BP
when taking BP, first short pulsing sounds=
when constant swishing is heard again=
systolic
diastolic
what is the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)
average pressure thro cardiac cycle
what is the best indicator of perfusion in internal organs
MAP
normal MAP range (small animal and horses)
small animal= shouldnt drop below 60 mmHg
horses= 70 mmHg
what is an oscillometer and what does is measure
cuff that inflates and deflates automatically, calculates systolic and distolic pressures of BP
when is an esophageal stethoscope helpful
if head is draped w/ no easy access to heart/ peripheral pulses
how to measure esophageal stethoscope length
from muzzle to caudal aspect of scapula
