Monitoring Devices

Question 1

what a pulse oximeter measures

Answer 1

SpO2- saturation of peripheral O2

pulse- via a plethysmograph

Question 2

this monitoring device uses a probe w a light source emitting red and infrared light

Answer 2

pulse oximeter

Question 3

how a pulse oximeter measures SpO2 (how the light works)

Answer 3

red light emitted from probe reflects off tissue, hemoglobin absorbs red or infrared light (depends on if its carrying O2 or not), sensor records difference in light emitted vs coming thro tissue

Question 4

difference between a transmission probe and reflective probe (pulse oximeter)

Answer 4

transmission- “clothespin”, light on one side, sensor on other
reflective- source and sensor next to eachother

Question 5

where to place pulse oximeter probe

Answer 5

on thin, hairless, non-pigmented skin

Question 6

areas where only reflective probe can be placed

Answer 6

esophagus, rectal mucosa, underside of tail

Question 7

normal
borderline
hypoxic
and cyanotic SpO2 levels

Answer 7

normal >95%
borderline 90-95% (alarm will sound)
hypoxic <90%
cyanotic < 85%

Question 8

most common cause of methemoglobin

Answer 8

tylenol/ acitaminiphine poisoning in cats

Question 9

what is methemoglobin

Answer 9

hemoglobin unable to carry O2 to tissues (genetic or from toxicities like cig smoke inhalation)

Question 10

what is an electrocardio gram

Answer 10

tracing of electrical activity of the heart (beating)

Question 11

how animal is postioned and where to put electrodes for EKG/ECG

Answer 11

R lateral recumbency, place 4 electrodes proximal to knees/ elbows

Question 12

On an EKG, what P QRS and T represent

Answer 12

P= atrial contraction
QRS= ventricles contracting
T= repolarization of ventricles

Question 13

how we measure rate and quality of respirations

Answer 13

viewing bag or auscultating w stethoscope

Question 14

where is apnea monitor located

Answer 14

sensor mounted between ET tube and breathing circuit

Question 15

what an apnea monitor measures

when does it alam

Answer 15

change in air temp of inspir and expir

alarm if breath hasnt been taken in given amount of time

Question 16

where is capnograph located

Answer 16

mounted between ET tube an breathing circuit

Question 17

what a capnograph measures

Answer 17

CO2 inspired and expired

Question 18

what a capnograph reading should be upon inspiration and expiration

Answer 18

insp- 0mmHg

exp- 35-55 mmHg

Question 19

what is a doppler

Answer 19

transmiitts ultrasound waves tho acoustic gel, detects moving blood (sound waves reflected back to probe)

Question 20

what a doppler is used for

Answer 20

determine if blood is flowing to a limb

also can be used w sphygmomanometer and BP cuff to determine BP

Question 21

when taking BP, first short pulsing sounds=

when constant swishing is heard again=

Answer 21

systolic

diastolic

Question 22

what is the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 22

average pressure thro cardiac cycle

Question 23

what is the best indicator of perfusion in internal organs

Answer 23

MAP

Question 24

normal MAP range (small animal and horses)

Answer 24

small animal= shouldnt drop below 60 mmHg

horses= 70 mmHg

Question 25

what is an oscillometer and what does is measure

Answer 25

cuff that inflates and deflates automatically, calculates systolic and distolic pressures of BP

Question 26

when is an esophageal stethoscope helpful

Answer 26

if head is draped w/ no easy access to heart/ peripheral pulses

Question 27

how to measure esophageal stethoscope length

Answer 27

from muzzle to caudal aspect of scapula