Factors that Increase Anes Risk Flashcards
we usually decrease geriatric anes doses by __%
30-50%
common problems in geriatric problems
reduced organ function (liver/kidney), cancer and degenerative/metabolic disorders common, risk hypothermia, lower tolerance for hypotension, increased risk overhydration, low BMR(slow recovery)
common pediatric problems
risk hypothermia, hypoglycemia (bc high BMR, dont fast), overhydration, inefficient metabolism and excretion (less developed)
to help w pediatric risk of hypoglycemia, this can be added to LRS IV when anes.
5% dextrose
why inhalents are better than injectables for pediatrics and geriatrics
less metabolized and excreted by liver and kidneys, mostly by exhalation
when using injectables on pediatrics, give ___ what the adult dose would be
1/2-1/3
common brachycephalic problems
elongated soft palate and narrow trachea-> tendency of airway obstruction, may have increased parasympathetic tone-> bradycardia
which high risk patients we should pre-oxygenate
brachycephalic, Obese, C-section, Trauma patients, cardiovascular disease patients
drugs to avoid bradycardia
anticholinergics
how we calculate drug dose for obese animals
use weight half-way between animal’s weight and the ideal weight for that breed
why C section patients have higher risk of vomiting/regurgitation/aspiration
distended uterus pressing on diaphragm
why C section patients have decreased lung capacity
distended uterus pressing on diaphragm
when prepping a C section, how should u clip the animal
L lateral recumb, less pressure on caudal vena cava (decreased pressure from belly)
1st step once retrieving neonates from C section mother
remove mucous w/ bulb syringe or rubbing w a towel (get breathing)
what should u intubate neonates with?
16 or 18G IV catheter
if neonates cyanotic or apneic you should
intubate or apply mask, bag gently w O2 every 5 sec, 1 drop naxalone if opioids used, 1-2 drops doxapram (Dopram, resp. stim.)
if neonates are bradycardic you should
give 1 drop dillute atropine subling., or cardiac massage
possible causes of resp. compromise in trauma patients
hemmorage, hemothorax (blood in chest cavity), pneumothorax (air in chest cavity), pleural effusion (fluid in chest cavity), pulmonary contusions (bruising of lungs), diaphragmatic hernia
why we may preform a thoracocentesis on a trauma patient
remove blood, fluid, or air from chest cavity
burns lead to what issue
fluid loss
why we may wait to opperate on a trauma patient (arrhythmias)
arrythmias may take up to 72 hrs post-trauma to occur
types of shock common in trauma patients
hypovolemic(hemmorage or fluid loss), cardiogenic (injury or arrythmia), altered blood flow (injury or severe inflammation)
a trauma patient w a pulse deficit indicates what
heart trauma
define pulmonary edema and pleural effusion
pulm. edema- fluid in the lungs
pleural effusion- fluid in chest cavity around lungs
how to alleviate pulmonary edema
diuretics
why cardiovascular disease patients are prone to pulmonary edema
inefficient pumping-> back pressure-> plasma may leak into resp. tract
if bradycardia due to agents that increase vagal tone (activity of vagus nerve) counteract w/
anticholinergics
if bradycardia not due to agents that increase vagal tone counteract w/
catecholamines like dopamine or epinephrine (stim heartbeat)
antiarrythmic drugs
betablockers (proprananol), calcium channel blockers, lidocaine, atropine (increase HR)
