Factors that Increase Anes Risk

Question 1

we usually decrease geriatric anes doses by __%

Answer 1

30-50%

Question 2

common problems in geriatric problems

Answer 2

reduced organ function (liver/kidney), cancer and degenerative/metabolic disorders common, risk hypothermia, lower tolerance for hypotension, increased risk overhydration, low BMR(slow recovery)

Question 3

common pediatric problems

Answer 3

risk hypothermia, hypoglycemia (bc high BMR, dont fast), overhydration, inefficient metabolism and excretion (less developed)

Question 4

to help w pediatric risk of hypoglycemia, this can be added to LRS IV when anes.

Answer 4

5% dextrose

Question 5

why inhalents are better than injectables for pediatrics and geriatrics

Answer 5

less metabolized and excreted by liver and kidneys, mostly by exhalation

Question 6

when using injectables on pediatrics, give ___ what the adult dose would be

Answer 6

1/2-1/3

Question 7

common brachycephalic problems

Answer 7

elongated soft palate and narrow trachea-> tendency of airway obstruction, may have increased parasympathetic tone-> bradycardia

Question 8

which high risk patients we should pre-oxygenate

Answer 8

brachycephalic, Obese, C-section, Trauma patients, cardiovascular disease patients

Question 9

drugs to avoid bradycardia

Answer 9

anticholinergics

Question 10

how we calculate drug dose for obese animals

Answer 10

use weight half-way between animal’s weight and the ideal weight for that breed

Question 11

why C section patients have higher risk of vomiting/regurgitation/aspiration

Answer 11

distended uterus pressing on diaphragm

Question 12

why C section patients have decreased lung capacity

Answer 12

distended uterus pressing on diaphragm

Question 13

when prepping a C section, how should u clip the animal

Answer 13

L lateral recumb, less pressure on caudal vena cava (decreased pressure from belly)

Question 14

1st step once retrieving neonates from C section mother

Answer 14

remove mucous w/ bulb syringe or rubbing w a towel (get breathing)

Question 15

what should u intubate neonates with?

Answer 15

16 or 18G IV catheter

Question 16

if neonates cyanotic or apneic you should

Answer 16

intubate or apply mask, bag gently w O2 every 5 sec, 1 drop naxalone if opioids used, 1-2 drops doxapram (Dopram, resp. stim.)

Question 17

if neonates are bradycardic you should

Answer 17

give 1 drop dillute atropine subling., or cardiac massage

Question 18

possible causes of resp. compromise in trauma patients

Answer 18

hemmorage, hemothorax (blood in chest cavity), pneumothorax (air in chest cavity), pleural effusion (fluid in chest cavity), pulmonary contusions (bruising of lungs), diaphragmatic hernia

Question 19

why we may preform a thoracocentesis on a trauma patient

Answer 19

remove blood, fluid, or air from chest cavity

Question 20

burns lead to what issue

Answer 20

fluid loss

Question 21

why we may wait to opperate on a trauma patient (arrhythmias)

Answer 21

arrythmias may take up to 72 hrs post-trauma to occur

Question 22

types of shock common in trauma patients

Answer 22

hypovolemic(hemmorage or fluid loss), cardiogenic (injury or arrythmia), altered blood flow (injury or severe inflammation)

Question 23

a trauma patient w a pulse deficit indicates what

Answer 23

heart trauma

Question 24

define pulmonary edema and pleural effusion

Answer 24

pulm. edema- fluid in the lungs

pleural effusion- fluid in chest cavity around lungs

Question 25

how to alleviate pulmonary edema

Answer 25

diuretics

Question 26

why cardiovascular disease patients are prone to pulmonary edema

Answer 26

inefficient pumping-> back pressure-> plasma may leak into resp. tract

Question 27

if bradycardia due to agents that increase vagal tone (activity of vagus nerve) counteract w/

Answer 27

anticholinergics

Question 28

if bradycardia not due to agents that increase vagal tone counteract w/

Answer 28

catecholamines like dopamine or epinephrine (stim heartbeat)

Question 29

antiarrythmic drugs

Answer 29

betablockers (proprananol), calcium channel blockers, lidocaine, atropine (increase HR)