STAGES OF LEARNING Flashcards
1st Phase - The cognitive phase
What is it?
This is the first phase of learning experienced by a beginner who tries to work out and understand what is required to perform a new movement.
1st Phase - The cognitive phase
What sort of phase is it?
What guidance would a coach use?
It is a short phase during which a trial-and-error process is used to help develop an early understanding of the parts of the skill.
The coach might use manual and mechanical guidance and concentrate on extrinsic and positive feedback to offer encouragement and ensure improvement.
2nd Phase - The associative phase
What is it?
This is often called the practice phase of learning. The learner compares his/her current level of performance with that of a top-level player.
Long periods of practice and information from feedback is used to correct errors and perfect the skill.
2nd Phase - The associative phase
What sort of phase is it?
What feedback?
What guidance would a coach use?
During this phase the performer begins to build up a mental framework. Motor programmes are coded into the memory
Performers will use intrinsic feedback and begin to alter the level of skill.
Verbal and visual guidance could
be used.
3rd Phase - The autonomous phase
What is it?
At this stage movements are perfected to the point where they are almost automatic. The player can concentrate on the finer details of the task and the performance is completed with maximum efficiency.
This is a phase for experts, who must continue to practise if they want to remain at this top level.
3rd Phase - The autonomous phase
What strategies would coaches use?
What can it lead to?
Coaches can use strategies to help players to progress from the early cognitive phase to the final autonomous phase of learning.
Learning leads to a permanent change in behaviour and movement patterns. However, performance is a temporary response to a situation and can still fluctuate.
