SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
What does the skeleton provide?
Protection of internal organs
The site of blood cell production
Mineral store
Skeleton
What does it provide attachments for?
What does it act as?
Provides attachments for the muscular system.
It acts as the levers and pivot points to create movement.
Give examples of flat bones.
What do they do?
Sternum, ribs, cranium and pelvis.
Protect internal organs but also act as suitable sites for muscular attachment.
Give examples of long bones.
What do they act as?
Femur, humerus, radius, tubes and phalanges.
Acts as leavers for movement and act as sites for blood cell production
Give examples of irregular bones.
What does it protect?
The vertebrae.
Protects the spinal cord.
Give examples of short bones.
What do they do well?
Carpals and tarsals
Bear weight well
Give an example of a sesamoid bone.
What do does it do?
The patella
Which ease joint movement and resist compression.
Name the Axial skeleton bones.
There are 4
Sternum
Rib cage
Vertebral column
Cranium
Name the Appendicular skeletal bones.
There are 10
Pelvic girdle
Scapula
Humerus
Uina
Radius
Carpals
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Talus
What is the definition of a joint?
An area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create human movement
What is the definition of a ligament?
A tough band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches bones to bone
What is the definition of articular cartilage?
Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones to absorb shock and allow friction-free movement
What are the 5 common features of a synovial joint?
The structure of them?
The function of them?
Ligament - A tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue- connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement.
Synovial fluid- Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity- reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage
Articular cartilage- Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones- absorbs shock and allows friction free movement
Joint capsule - A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane- encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid
Bursa - A closed, fluid filled sac found where tenons rub over bones- reduces friction between tendons and bones
What is the definition of Plane of movement?
The description of three dimensional movements at a joint.
Movement patterns?
A description of the actions taking place at a joint- for example flexion and extension
What is flexion?
Movement which decreases the joint angle, usually to the front of the body.
Identify the two different parts that make up the skeleton.
Axial and appendicular
What is extension?
Movement which increases the joint angle, usually to the back of the body.
What is dorsiflexion?
Movement at the ankle joint as the tones move up.
What is Plantar flexion?
Movement at the ankle joint as the toes move down.
What are the two bones connected with the head/ neck joint? (2)
Cranium
Vertebral column
Shoulder joint bones? (2)
Scapula
Humerus
Chest region bones? (2)
Ribs
Sternum
Elbow region bones? (3)
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Hip joint bones? (2)
Femur
Pelvis
Knee joint bones? (3)
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Ankle joint bones? (3)
Fibula
Tibia
Talus
The skeleton is divided into two parts, what are they called?
The axial skeleton
The appendicular skeleton
Axial skeleton (3)
Skull
Thoracic girdle
Vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton?
Shoulder girdle and upper limbs
Pelvic girdle and lower limbs
What are the 4 types of joints that help prevent injuries?
Cartilage - prevents ends of bones rubbing together
Synovial fluid- lubricates the joints allowing the parts to move feely
Ligaments - these retough, elastic fibres that link bones to bones
Tendons- these connect muscle to bones
What is a ball and socket joint?
An example.
Ball and socket joints allow movement in all directions and is the most mobile joints in the body.
Examples: Shoulders and hips - tennis serve
What is a hinge joint?
An example.
Hinge joints - only allow forwards and backwards movement like the hinge on a door.
Examples: knee and elbow - knee drive during 100m sprint
What is a pivot joint?
An example.
Pivot joints have a ring of bone that fits over a bone sticking out. Pivot joints allow rotation only.
Examples found in the body: The joint between the atlas and axis in the neck which allows turning and nodding of head - breathing during a swimming stroke