LIFESTYLE DISEASE Flashcards
4 diseases which are associated with an inactive lifestyle
Coronary heart disease
Atherosclerosis
Heart attack
Stroke
What is CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)
CHD results from atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart muscles with oxygenated blood
Reduced blood or blockage to the hearts blood vessels.
Reduction in blood reduces the oxygen supply limiting the cardiac muscle’s ability to respire
What is Angina?
Angina (pain associated with restriction of oxygen to the cardiac muscle, chest pain) or Heart attack may occur.
What is ATHEROSCLEROSIS?
Atherosclerosis is a build-up of fatty deposits that form a hard plaque reducing blood flow.
Reduces the space for blood flow and increases the likelihood of blood clots forming.
Arterial walls become thick and hardened, reducing their ability to vasodilate and constrict to regulate blood pressure.
Over time, chronic high blood pressure known as hypertension can develop, which is often the first indicator of the disease
What is a HEART ATTACK?
How often are people struck by heart attacks?
If a piece of fatty plaque breaks away from an arterial wall, a blood cot may form.
If clot suddenly, severely or totally blocks a coronary artery, it will cut off oxygen supply to an area of the cardiac muscle causing the death of cells and permanent damage.
Someone is struck by a heart attack in the UK every 3 minutes with approximately 30 percent being fatal.
What is a STROKE?
Ischaemic & Haemorrhagic
Strokes are caused by either:
Ischaemic – Blood vessels supplying the brain is blocked.
- 85% of strokes are ischaemic
Haemorrhagic – Blood vessels bleeding in or on the brain.
- 15% of strokes are Haemorrhagic
What are the effects of training?
Increase high density lipoproteins (HDL’s) good fats and reduces Low density lipoproteins (LDL’s) bad fats that create blockages
Regular vasoconstriction and vasodilation prevents hardening of arterial walls
Decreased blood viscosity
Increased circulation around the heart
Decreased body fat reducing pressure on the heart
Cardiac Hypertrophy – Bigger stronger heart
What is narrowing of respiratory airways caused by?
Allergic reactions, pollen, fever, fumes and exercise induced (EIA) cold conditions and high intensity
What is CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)?
Airways become inflamed and narrowed.
Over time leads to mucus production and alveoli damage
Coughing, breathing difficulties, regular chest infections.
What are the effects of training on the lungs?
Increase size and number of alveoli
Increased number of capillaries in the lungs
Increased strength of respiratory muscles
Increased air flow in and out of the lungs
Full use of lung tissue/ lung become more elastic (can expand and retract more effectively)
