PERSONALITY Flashcards
What are the 2 distinct personality types?
Type A
Type B
TYPE A CHARACTERISTICS?
HIGHLY COMPETITIVE STRONG DESIRE TO SUCCEED WORKS FAST LIKES TO CONTROL PRONE TO SUFFER STRESS
TYPE B CHARACTERISTICS?
NON-COMPETITIVE UNAMBITIOUS WORKS MORE SLOWLY DOES NOT ENJOY CONTROL LESS PRONE TO STRESS
What theory links with personality?
Trait theory
What are traits?
Example?
“Traits are innate characteristics and are thought to be relatively stable. They are highly consistent attributes that exert a widely generalised casual effect on behaviour.”
For Example;
Outgoing, Aggressive, Tense, Shy, Relaxed, Sensitive etc.
What did Cattell say?
Traits can be arranged in hierarchical order.
The stronger the trait, the more dominant the behaviour.
Trait theory does not believe that the situation or environment has any bearing on a persons behaviour.
Behaviour is said to be consistent.
Trait theory attempts to predict behaviour.
What is Eysenck’s theory say?
Supported Catell’s theory but stated that traits most likely to be displayed should be know as personality.
Personality types are arranged on 2 dimensions.
– Introvert/Extrovert
– Stable/Neurotic.
What are the 2 types of personalities in trait theory?
Introverts and Extroverts
What are personalities of an Extrovert?
Said to achieve more in higher arousal situations.
Prefer team oriented situations.
Like activities which involve gross motor skills.
Prefer activities which are less continuous eg.marathon could be demotivating & become bored.
Extrovert behaviour is loud, bright & outgoing.
What are personalities of an Introvert?
High levels of excitation.
Tend not to need added stimulation & excitement.
Prefer to take part in activities requiring more precision eg. Archery.
Introvert behaviour is shy, quiet & reserved.
What is stable behaviour?
Stable behaviour is consistent and predictable
What is neurotic behaviour?
Neurotic behaviour is unstable, varied and extreme
Who made Social learning theory?
Bandura
What did Bandura’s theory suggest?
Unlike Trait Theory, Social Learning Theory suggests that rather than being born with characteristics we learn them from other people, especially from those we hold in high esteem.
i.e. – Parents, Coaches, Role Models, Friends and other significant others.
“Personality is learnt by observational learning, modelling and intimidating behaviour, and through experience. Psychological functioning occurs as a result of environmental determinants affecting behaviour.”
Behaviour changes depending on the situation and is therefore a product of our interaction with the environment.
Demonstration –
Important to observe performance.
Attention –
look carefully for detail of movement.
Retention –
remember the demo AND the teaching points / error correction.
Motor Reproduction –
demo is only of use if observers can attempt a successful performance.
Motivation –
the performer must be motivated to perform the action.
Matching Performance –
the performer attempts to match the demo and to improve it.
Who made the interactionist theory?
Lewin
What is the interactionist theory?
Combines trait theory & social learning theory.
This recognises that the trait theory and social learning theory both have a role in determining behaviour and personality.
More realistic explanation of personality?!
Different behaviours produced for different situations.
Suggests that we base behaviour on inherent traits that we then adapt to the situation we are in.
What is Lewin’s equation?
Example
EQUATION = B = f (PxE), where behaviour is a function of personality & environment.
A games player might be loud, extrovert & dominant manner in the game because that is the best way to succeed, but would be more quiet & focused when in a training session designed to improve individual technique.
What is Hollander’s Structure of Personality?
1 – PSYCHOLOGICAL CORE– THE REAL YOU.
2 – TYPICAL RESPONSE– THE WAY YOU RESPOND TO ENVIRONMENTAL DEMANDS.
3 - ROLE-RELATED BEHAVIOUR– VERY CHANGEABLE DEPENDING ON THE ROLE.
What are the problems with trait theory?
NOT A TRUE PREDICTOR OF BEHAVIOUR, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE EXISTS BETWEEN SPORTS PERFORMANCE & PEOPLE WITH DIFFERING TRAIT STRENGTHS.
DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT – TOO GENERAL.
What are the problems with social learning theory?
TAKES LITTLE ACCOUNT OF EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT BEHAVIOUR
Definitions and Characteristics of Ability -
TRAITS
Memory –
LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE – SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Feedback –
LEARNING FROM OTHERS – SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Motivation –
TRAITS, INTERACTIONIST AND SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
Reinforcement -
LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE – SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY
