PERSONALITY

Question 1

What are the 2 distinct personality types?

Answer 1

Type A

Type B

Question 2

TYPE A CHARACTERISTICS?

Answer 2

HIGHLY COMPETITIVE
STRONG DESIRE TO SUCCEED
WORKS FAST
LIKES TO CONTROL
PRONE TO SUFFER STRESS

Question 3

TYPE B CHARACTERISTICS?

Answer 3

NON-COMPETITIVE
UNAMBITIOUS
WORKS MORE SLOWLY
DOES NOT ENJOY CONTROL
LESS PRONE TO STRESS

Question 4

What theory links with personality?

Answer 4

Trait theory

Question 5

What are traits?

Example?

Answer 5

“Traits are innate characteristics and are thought to be relatively stable. They are highly consistent attributes that exert a widely generalised casual effect on behaviour.”

For Example;
Outgoing, Aggressive, Tense, Shy, Relaxed, Sensitive etc.

Question 6

What did Cattell say?

Answer 6

Traits can be arranged in hierarchical order.
The stronger the trait, the more dominant the behaviour.
Trait theory does not believe that the situation or environment has any bearing on a persons behaviour.
Behaviour is said to be consistent.
Trait theory attempts to predict behaviour.

Question 7

What is Eysenck’s theory say?

Answer 7

Supported Catell’s theory but stated that traits most likely to be displayed should be know as personality.

Personality types are arranged on 2 dimensions.
– Introvert/Extrovert
– Stable/Neurotic.

Question 8

What are the 2 types of personalities in trait theory?

Answer 8

Introverts and Extroverts

Question 9

What are personalities of an Extrovert?

Answer 9

Said to achieve more in higher arousal situations.
Prefer team oriented situations.
Like activities which involve gross motor skills.
Prefer activities which are less continuous eg.marathon could be demotivating & become bored.
Extrovert behaviour is loud, bright & outgoing.

Question 10

What are personalities of an Introvert?

Answer 10

High levels of excitation.
Tend not to need added stimulation & excitement.
Prefer to take part in activities requiring more precision eg. Archery.
Introvert behaviour is shy, quiet & reserved.

Question 11

What is stable behaviour?

Answer 11

Stable behaviour is consistent and predictable

Question 12

What is neurotic behaviour?

Answer 12

Neurotic behaviour is unstable, varied and extreme

Question 13

Who made Social learning theory?

Answer 13

Bandura

Question 14

What did Bandura’s theory suggest?

Answer 14

Unlike Trait Theory, Social Learning Theory suggests that rather than being born with characteristics we learn them from other people, especially from those we hold in high esteem.
i.e. – Parents, Coaches, Role Models, Friends and other significant others.

“Personality is learnt by observational learning, modelling and intimidating behaviour, and through experience. Psychological functioning occurs as a result of environmental determinants affecting behaviour.”

Behaviour changes depending on the situation and is therefore a product of our interaction with the environment.

Question 15

Demonstration –

Answer 15

Important to observe performance.

Question 16

Attention –

Answer 16

look carefully for detail of movement.

Question 17

Retention –

Answer 17

remember the demo AND the teaching points / error correction.

Question 18

Motor Reproduction –

Answer 18

demo is only of use if observers can attempt a successful performance.

Question 19

Motivation –

Answer 19

the performer must be motivated to perform the action.

Question 20

Matching Performance –

Answer 20

the performer attempts to match the demo and to improve it.

Question 21

Who made the interactionist theory?

Answer 21

Lewin

Question 22

What is the interactionist theory?

Answer 22

Combines trait theory & social learning theory.

This recognises that the trait theory and social learning theory both have a role in determining behaviour and personality.

More realistic explanation of personality?!

Different behaviours produced for different situations.

Suggests that we base behaviour on inherent traits that we then adapt to the situation we are in.

Question 23

What is Lewin’s equation?

Example

Answer 23

EQUATION = B = f (PxE), where behaviour is a function of personality & environment.

A games player might be loud, extrovert & dominant manner in the game because that is the best way to succeed, but would be more quiet & focused when in a training session designed to improve individual technique.

Question 24

What is Hollander’s Structure of Personality?

Answer 24

1 – PSYCHOLOGICAL CORE– THE REAL YOU.

2 – TYPICAL RESPONSE– THE WAY YOU RESPOND TO ENVIRONMENTAL DEMANDS.

3 - ROLE-RELATED BEHAVIOUR– VERY CHANGEABLE DEPENDING ON THE ROLE.

Question 25

What are the problems with trait theory?

Answer 25

NOT A TRUE PREDICTOR OF BEHAVIOUR, NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE EXISTS BETWEEN SPORTS PERFORMANCE & PEOPLE WITH DIFFERING TRAIT STRENGTHS.

DOES NOT TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF THE ENVIRONMENT – TOO GENERAL.

Question 26

What are the problems with social learning theory?

Answer 26

TAKES LITTLE ACCOUNT OF EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT BEHAVIOUR

Question 27

Definitions and Characteristics of Ability -

Answer 27

TRAITS

Question 28

Memory –

Answer 28

LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE – SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Question 29

Feedback –

Answer 29

LEARNING FROM OTHERS – SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Question 30

Motivation –

Answer 30

TRAITS, INTERACTIONIST AND SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY

Question 31

Reinforcement -

Answer 31

LEARN FROM EXPERIENCE – SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY