sponges and stingers

Question 1

invertebrate animals represent what percent of known animals

Answer 1

95%

Question 2

how many of the 35 phyla of animals are invertebrate

Answer 2

34

Question 3

first clade parazoa

Answer 3

very simple form of animals, parazoa= beside the animals
contain the porifera (sea sponges)
cellular level of organization

Question 4

what does porifera mean

Answer 4

pore-bearers aka sponges

Question 5

what level of organization do parazoa (ie porifera) have, what does this mean

Answer 5

cellular level of organization, lack true tissues

Question 6

what is the general porifera body plan

Answer 6

loose federation of cells in gelatinous matrix

Question 7

do porifera reproduce sexually or asexually

Answer 7

both

Question 8

do porifera move

Answer 8

no, they are sessile, but they do have motile larvae stage

Question 9

explain their digestive system , include how they are related to choanoflagellates

Answer 9

no true digestive system, do have a spongoceol; central cavity in which water passes through lined w feeding cells called chanocytes (v similar to choanoflagellates)

Question 10

what is the porifera veterinary significance

Answer 10

they allowed drug discovery due to their many symbionts living among them

Question 11

2nd clade eumetazoa means and what does it include

Answer 11

means true animal, ie has tissue level of organization

includes radiata and bilateria

Question 12

what level of organization do eumetazoa have (ie radiata and bilateria)

Answer 12

tissue level of organization

Question 13

how are the eumetazoa clades: radiata and bilateria sepearted

Answer 13

body symmetry

radiata have radial symmetry (if you cut form oral to aboral in any direction will be symmetrical)

bilateria: bilateral symmetry (only one plane of symmetry)

Question 14

in the radiata family, what are cnidarians

Answer 14

“nettle animals” , includes jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, etc

Question 15

difference between cnidocysts and nematocysts

Answer 15

cnidocysts are the stinging cells themselves and nematocysts are the coil/ stinger that comes out

Question 16

explain the cnidarian germ layers, how many and what are they

Answer 16

they are diploblastic meaning 2 germ layers, ectoderm (epidermis) and endoderm (gastrodermis)

also have gut: gastrovascular cavity

Question 17

explain polyp vs medusa cnidarians

Answer 17

polyp are attached ex coral
medusa float ex jellyfish

Question 18

explain the cnidarian gut

Answer 18

they have a gastrovascular cavity for feeding, respiration and waste elimination
simple sac surrounded by tentacles

Question 19

cnidarians are predators, they are the only group where all species are _____

Answer 19

venemous

Question 20

do cnidarians have a brain

Answer 20

no, they have no head or muscle tissue, but they do have nerve net and contractile filaments

Question 21

what is the cnidarian “weapon”

Answer 21

cnidocytes are the (stinging cells) that line tentacles, entrap prey and drag into mouth

nematocyst: coil/ stinger that comes out the end of cnidocytes

Question 22

describe a mutualistic relationship with cnidarians

Answer 22

anemone fish and anemone
fish live and protected by anemone, also provide anemone w nutrients and chase away predators

Question 23

why was the cnidarian “hydra” an important model

Answer 23

used to study development and regeneration, describes asexual reproduction, showed eyeless animals can respond to light, discovered vital staining

Question 23

4 clades of cnidarians

Answer 23

1) hydrozoa : polyp dominant
2) syphozoa: jelly fish, medusa dominant
3) cubozoa: box jellyfish , cube shaped medusa
4) anthozoa: corals and anemones, sessile polyps

Question 24

box jellyfish characteristics

Answer 24

ambush predators, small and fast, highly venomous w neurotoxin, lethal to humans, nematocysts fire on contact w skin, treatment is vinegar to disable nematocyst

Question 25

irukandji syndrome

Answer 25

type of box jellyfish, sting mild at first but then very severe, vomiting, sweating, headache, agitation, high heart rate, high blood pressure

Question 26

evidence that animals are related to choanoflagellates

Answer 26

choanocytes within sponges

choanocytes: similar to choanoflagellates, feeding cells, by beating their flagella they make a current and draw water in through the porocytes (the opening of the epidermis)