fungi Flashcards
what one of the 6 kingdoms does fungi belong to
opisthokonts
what was the ancestor of fungi
aquatic, single celled, flagellated protist
are fungi heterotrophs or autotrophs
heterotrophs: depend on outside nutrient sources, feed by absorption
what are fungi
single celled or multicellular eukaryotes
what is a fungi’s rigid cell wall composed of
chitin
what can fungi produce that survive prolong periods in extreme environments
spores; require moisture to stimulate growth
what are the branching extensions called that grow from each spore
hyphae
what are hyphae designed for
increase surface area for absorption of nutrients
how do single cell fungi (yeast) replicate
budding
what temperature does fungi like, what does this make them
20-40 degrees celsius, mesophilic
fungi cell wall, characteristics and function
impart rigidity, osmotic stability and secretes enzymes to assist in nutrition
composed of chitin, glucans, mannans and glycoprotiens
fungi cell membrane is ____, what is the predominant sterol
bilayered, ergosterol
what are the 2 basic cell arrangements for fungi
multicellular branding (hyphae) or single cell (yeast)
a mat of entwining hyphae is called what
mycelium
some yeasts will produce elongate processes when budding known as
pseudohyphae (almost look like hyphae but not quite)
describe fungi asexual reproduction
exist in haploid state and reproduce clonally: mycelium
mitosis into spores and germination into more mycelium
why does sexual reproduction in fungi often occur
in response to adverse environmental conditions
sexual reproduction in fungi consists of what 3 stages
plasmogamy: =plasma comes together, haploid cell from 2 different mycelia fuse to form a heterokaryotic cell w 2 or more nuceli
karyogamy := nuclei come together the nuceli fuse to from diploid zygote
meiosis: haploid spores are formed and then germination into multicellular mycelium
sexual stage of fungi is the
teleomorph
asexual stage of fungi is the
_____
what two types of spores will it produce
anamorph stage
produce conidia or sporangium
why do many fungi have 2 different names
they may have been disovered independently at different times in their different lifecycle stages (sexual/ teleomorph stage or asexual/anamorph stage)
6 divisions of fungi
Chytridiomycota (oldest)
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
deuteromycota/ fungi imperfecti
3 ways of classifying fungi
-microscopic fruiting bodies (ie mold)
-macroscopic fruiting bodies (ie mushrooms)
-single celled (yeast)
*some are dimorphic, can be like yeast in one environment and then change to hyphal growth in another environment
soil mushrooms spend most of their life
underground invisible to us; it is only when they produce fruiting bodies that we can see them
yeast tend to look like what when grown on agar
bacterial colonies
why is fungi genetics so diverse
they have many non sexual methods of DNA recombinations
fungal nuclei contain viral like particles, transposable elements and enzymes that can cut and rearrange DNA sequences
how do fungi recycle nutrients in the environemnt
digesting non living organic material
how do they break down molecules to be absorbed by them and also other plants and organisms
by secreting a range of enzymes (exoenzymes)
mycorrhiza
fungal root: ie fungi that have symbiotic relationship w the roots of many plants (some plants need them to grow well)
where do fungi have symbiosis interactions with animals
in the gut of plant eating and animals and with farmer insects
mycosis
disease caused by a fungus
3 ways by which a fungi can cause disease
as an invasive pathogen
by producing a toxin that is ingested/ absorbed
by producing a hypersensitivity/ allergy
dermatophytes
fungal infections of the skin, hair and nails
phylum; ascomycota
most common yeast in vet care that causes ear infection and dermatitis
malessezia pachydermatis
subcutaneous mycoses
fungal infections beneath the skin
example sporotrichosis (usually infect via wounds)
systemic mycoses
fungal infections that invade deep organs, can cause paraplegia
where is mycoses often seen in pets
aquatic reptiles, marine mammals, platypus, arachnids, often associated w water quality and temp and poor husbandry and hygiene
