mosquito lecture Flashcards
mosquito order and family
diptera, culicidae
mosquitos of medical importance
- anophelinae; anopheles
- culicinae; culex and aedes
mosquito anatomy
abdomen, throax, head, proboscis
which mosquitos bite and transmit diseases
females
male vs female mosiqutos
- males long hairs on antennae look feather, two long palps and a shorter proboscis
- females have two very small palp and very long piercing and sucking proboscis
aedes are
aggressive day biters
culex and anopheles are
most active at dawn and dusk but can bite at night
lifecycle
eggs, larva, pupa, adult
what attracts mosquitos
CO2, skin emanations, temp, visual stimuli, others
anopheles eggs and larva
eggs laid singly and has floats
larva rest parallel to water surface with rudimentary breathing tube
aedes eggs and larva
eggs laid singly with no floats
larva rest at angle to water surface with air tube, short, stout breathing tube w one pair of hair tufts
culex eggs and larva
eggs laid in rafts with no floats
larva rest at angle to water w air tube, long slender breathing tube w several pairs of hair tufts
australian backyard mosquito
aedes notoscriptus
gonotrophic cycle
cycle of ovarian development from time of blood meal to time when fully developed eggs are laid
EIPs
extrinsic incubation period; period between infection of a mosquito w a virus and when mosquito is able to infect next vertebrate host
explain why mosquito risks are increased
increased travel plus global trade plus environmental changes –>
expansion of mosquito range plus new pathogen introduction –>
risk enhancement for animal and human pathogen transmission
globalization
increased interconnectedness and interdependence of peoples and countries
what are major drivers in emergence and spread of vector borne diseases
open border policy and expansion of trade and human movements
temperature effects
- increases vetor-biting rate, vector development rate, and pathogen replication (reducing EIP)
- decreases vector survival
direct effects of climate change
- distribution and development rate of vectors
- infection probability and development rates of pathogens in vectors
- feeding frequency of vector
- heat stress and hosts resistance
indirect effects of climate change
- decline in biodiversity
- land use changes
effects of climate are
multiple and non linear
factors to vector competence
- ISOLATION: of virus from wild-caught mosquitoes
- INFECTION; of vector after feeding on viremic host
- TRANSMISSION; of virus by arthropod bite
- ASSOCIATION ON FIELD; infected vectors- infected vertebrate pop
key VBDs (vector borne diseases)
- malaria; parasite
- yellow fever; virus
- dengue fever; virus
- west nile; virus
- filariasis; helminth
- encephalitis; virus
insecticides and repellents
- long lasting insecticidal nets
- indoor residual spraying
- outdoor spraying
- aerial spraying
- addition of chemicals to water
environmental management
- biological control
- genetic control
- waste management
- housing modification
- personal protection
- medication; vaccines
what is a major threat by the use of synthetic insecticides
emerging insecticide reisstance
3 challenges in control of VBDs
1) emerging insecticide resistance
2) lack of expertise in vector control
3) lack of surveillance
