mosquito lecture

Question 1

mosquito order and family

Answer 1

diptera, culicidae

Question 2

mosquitos of medical importance

Answer 2

• anophelinae; anopheles
• culicinae; culex and aedes

Question 3

mosquito anatomy

Answer 3

abdomen, throax, head, proboscis

Question 4

which mosquitos bite and transmit diseases

Answer 4

females

Question 5

male vs female mosiqutos

Answer 5

• males long hairs on antennae look feather, two long palps and a shorter proboscis
• females have two very small palp and very long piercing and sucking proboscis

Question 6

aedes are

Answer 6

aggressive day biters

Question 7

culex and anopheles are

Answer 7

most active at dawn and dusk but can bite at night

Question 8

lifecycle

Answer 8

eggs, larva, pupa, adult

Question 9

what attracts mosquitos

Answer 9

CO2, skin emanations, temp, visual stimuli, others

Question 10

anopheles eggs and larva

Answer 10

eggs laid singly and has floats

larva rest parallel to water surface with rudimentary breathing tube

Question 11

aedes eggs and larva

Answer 11

eggs laid singly with no floats

larva rest at angle to water surface with air tube, short, stout breathing tube w one pair of hair tufts

Question 12

culex eggs and larva

Answer 12

eggs laid in rafts with no floats

larva rest at angle to water w air tube, long slender breathing tube w several pairs of hair tufts

Question 13

australian backyard mosquito

Answer 13

aedes notoscriptus

Question 14

gonotrophic cycle

Answer 14

cycle of ovarian development from time of blood meal to time when fully developed eggs are laid

Question 15

EIPs

Answer 15

extrinsic incubation period; period between infection of a mosquito w a virus and when mosquito is able to infect next vertebrate host

Question 16

explain why mosquito risks are increased

Answer 16

increased travel plus global trade plus environmental changes –>

expansion of mosquito range plus new pathogen introduction –>

risk enhancement for animal and human pathogen transmission

Question 17

globalization

Answer 17

increased interconnectedness and interdependence of peoples and countries

Question 18

what are major drivers in emergence and spread of vector borne diseases

Answer 18

open border policy and expansion of trade and human movements

Question 19

temperature effects

Answer 19

• increases vetor-biting rate, vector development rate, and pathogen replication (reducing EIP)
• decreases vector survival

Question 20

direct effects of climate change

Answer 20

• distribution and development rate of vectors
• infection probability and development rates of pathogens in vectors
• feeding frequency of vector
• heat stress and hosts resistance

Question 21

indirect effects of climate change

Answer 21

• decline in biodiversity
• land use changes

Question 22

effects of climate are

Answer 22

multiple and non linear

Question 23

factors to vector competence

Answer 23

• ISOLATION: of virus from wild-caught mosquitoes
• INFECTION; of vector after feeding on viremic host
• TRANSMISSION; of virus by arthropod bite
• ASSOCIATION ON FIELD; infected vectors- infected vertebrate pop

Question 24

key VBDs (vector borne diseases)

Answer 24

• malaria; parasite
• yellow fever; virus
• dengue fever; virus
• west nile; virus
• filariasis; helminth
• encephalitis; virus

Question 25

insecticides and repellents

Answer 25

• long lasting insecticidal nets
• indoor residual spraying
• outdoor spraying
• aerial spraying
• addition of chemicals to water

Question 26

environmental management

Answer 26

• biological control
• genetic control
• waste management
• housing modification
• personal protection
• medication; vaccines

Question 27

what is a major threat by the use of synthetic insecticides

Answer 27

emerging insecticide reisstance

Question 28

3 challenges in control of VBDs

Answer 28

1) emerging insecticide resistance
2) lack of expertise in vector control
3) lack of surveillance