Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the size and location of the spinal cord

A
  • Slender nerve column
  • About 45 cm long
  • Starts at foramen magnum & ends between L1 & L2 (does not go into the sacrum)
  • 31 pair spinal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

does the spinal cord have bilateral symmetry?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two types of matter found in the spinal cord?

A

gray and white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the central canal? What does it contain?

A

Hole down the center of cord; continuous with brain ventricles; both contain CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

There are two grooves in the spinal cord.. what are they?

A

Anterior median fissure

Posterior median sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are enlargements?

A

Swollen regions of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are two regions for enlargement?

A

Cervical enlargement

Lumbar enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Conus Medullaris ?

A

inferior-most tip of spinal cord; cone shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Cauda Equina ?

A

means horse’s tail; bundle of nerves inferior to spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Filum terminale ?

A

inferior most spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Gray Matter

A 
Cell bodies, dendrites & synapses
Projections called horns
Cell bodies organized into nuclei
-Sensory
-Motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three interior horns of the gray matter?

A

Posterior gray horn
Anterior gray horn
Lateral gray horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two Gray commissures? What separates them?

A

Anterior Commissure and Posterior Commissure

Separated by the central canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

White matter is made up of ______ and ________

A

tracts and columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the three columns in white matter?

A

Posterior White column
Anterior white column
Lateral white column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two tracts in white matter? What are they responsible for?

A 
Ascending= sensory 
Descending= motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are meninges? Are they similar in both the spinal cord and brain? explain

A

Membranes covering CNS

Are similar in both brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Meninges are split into layers called what?

A

Mater (meaning mother)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vertebrae consist of what?

A

vertebral arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the epidural space? What does it contain?

A
  • Space between meninges and vertebra

- Contains BV and adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Meninges connect to ______ covering of __________

A

Connective Tissue; spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the Dura Mater

A
  • “tough mother”
  • Durable
  • Deep to epidural space
  • Superficial to subdural space
  • Stabilized by coccygeal ligament
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

describe the Arachnoid Mater

A
  • “spidery mother”
  • Superficial to subarachnoid space
  • Contains CSF
  • CT looks like a spider web
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

describe the Pia Mater

A
  • “delicate mother”
  • Light layer adhering to cord
  • Forms part of filum terminale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

from superficial to deep, name the parts of the spinal meninges (8)

A 
Vertebra
Epidural space
Dura mater
Subdural space
Arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space (with CSF)
Pia mater
Neural tissue
26
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

27
Q

Where are all the spinal nerves located? How many in each location?

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
28
Q

for the nerve components you have the _____ and _____ root. Describe them

A

Doral and Ventral Root

Dorsal (posterior) root

  • dorsal root ganglion
  • soma
  • usually sensory

Ventral (anterior) root

  • No ganglion
  • Usually motor
29
Q

______ merge to form _______. Hence _____ nerves are usually mixed (_____ and ______)

A

Roots, Nerves, Spinal nerves, sensory, motor

30
Q

All roots go through…..

A

intervertebral foramina

31
Q

What are the three Connective tissue coverings and describe them

A

Epineurium-surrounds the entire nerve
Perineurium-Surrounds bundles of 10-100 axons (known as fascicles)
Endoneurium-Surrounds each individual axon of each neuron

32
Q

What are Rami?

A

offshoots of a nerve once it exits the vertebra

33
Q

What are the three types of Rami?

A

Dorsal ramus
Ventral ramus
Ramus communicantes

34
Q

What is a rami communicantes?

A

A spitting in the ramus separating sensory and motor fiber

35
Q

What are the two types of Rami Communicantes?

A

White ramus communicantes

Gray ramus communicantes

36
Q

What are Dermatomes?

A

Sensory innervation by specific spinal nerves

37
Q

Dermatomes are used as a….

A

detection method

38
Q

______ damage will result in loss of sensation in _______

A

Spinal cord, dermatome

39
Q

What are Nerve Plexuses?

A

braid off ventral rami

40
Q

Nerve Plexuses are found in several regions… what are they?

A

Cervical
Lumbar
Sacral
(Most thoracic nerves are all isolated)

41
Q

describe the cervical plexus

A 
C1-C4 & part of C5
Innervate certain muscles of neck and torso
phrenic nerve 
C3, 4 & 5 
go to diaphragm
42
Q

describe the brachial plexus

A

C4-C8 & T1

Innervate the chest, upper back, and arm

43
Q

Slide 25

A

fun fact: im drunk and typing these so enjoy :)

44
Q

lumbosacral plexus is located where? It may be split into what?

A

Last thoracic, lumbar, sacral & coccygeal nerves

May be split into lumbar and sacral plexuses

45
Q

the lumbosacral plexus intervates the …..

A

lower limb regions

46
Q

What are the three lower limb nerves and describe them

A

obturator nerve: to adductors of leg
femoral nerve: motor impulses to leg & thigh & receive sensory from skin of leg & thigh
sciatic nerve: to muscles & skin in thighs, legs & feet

47
Q

What are reflexes?

A

Rapid automatic involuntary motor response to stimuli

48
Q

reflexes help preserve…..

A

homeostasis

49
Q

where do reflexes occur?

A

spinal cord or brain stem

50
Q

do reflexes require cerebral processing?

A

no

51
Q

reflexes can be modified by…

A

cerebral control

52
Q

What are the 4 ways reflexes are classified?

A

By development
Site of processing
Nature of motor response
Complexity of neural circuit

53
Q

What are the two types of site of processing classification? describe them

A

Spinal reflex: impulse only goes to the spinal cord

Cranial reflex: Makes it to the brain

54
Q

What are the two types of motor response classification? describe them

A

Somatic: influences the skeletal muscle system

Visceral (autonomic): influences the involuntary systems such as smooth muscle and glands

55
Q

Slide 31-32

A

fun fact: im drunk off 5 different types of tequila :)

56
Q

What are step 1-5 of the reflex arc?

A

Step 1: The receptor is stimulated by a detectible environmental stimulus
Step 2: The receptor stimulates a sensory neuron that sends a signal to the CNS for processing
Step 3: The information is processed by being transmitted to the appropriate neurons (This could be an interneuron or motor neuron)
Step 4-5: A motor neuron is stimulated, sending a signal to an effector. This results in behavior

57
Q

What is a stretch reflex?

A

A reflex stimulated by the stretching of a muscle

58
Q

______________________are receptors that detect stretching

A

Muscle spindle fibers

59
Q

_____________is the contraction of the muscle

A

The effector

60
Q

The patellar reflex is a ________

A

stretch reflex.

61
Q

the patellar reflex functions to… (2 things)

A

Prevent muscles from being overstretched

Prevent one from falling forward

Anatomy (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions