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Anatomy > Chapter 22: Blood Vessels and Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 22: Blood Vessels and Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

what are blood vessels?

A

closed circuits of tubes

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2
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels and what do they d?

A

Arteries: carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries: exchange vessels
Veins: return blood to the heart

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3
Q

True or False: Oxygen in the blood distinguishes arteries from veins

A

false

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4
Q

summarize the flow of circulation (very brief; one word per step_

A 
Heart --> 
Arteries-->
Arterioles-->
Capillaries-->
Venules-->
Veins-->
Heart
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5
Q

What makes up the blood vessel tissues? describe

A 
Endothelium 
-smooth surface for blood flow
-simple squamous epithelium 
CT
-provides elasticity to withstand BP changes 
Smooth muscle
-vasoconstriction
-vasodilation
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6
Q

What are the three layers for the blood vessel histology?

A 
Tunica intima
Tunica media 
Tunica externa (Adventitia)
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7
Q

describe the tunica intima (3)

A
  • innermost
  • endothelium on top of CT membrane
  • internal elastic membrane
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8
Q

what are the three functions of the tunica intima?

A

separates blood flow from vessel wall
prevents blood clotting
helps regulate BP

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9
Q

describe the tunica media (3)

A

middle
bulk of wall
smooth muscles and elastic CT

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10
Q

describe the tunica externa (adventitia) (5)

A 
outer
thin
made of CT, elastic & collagenous fibers
attaches artery to surrounding tissues
contains vasa vasorum 
-BV of BV because they are so thick
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11
Q

what are the characteristics of arteries?

A

strong and elastic

subdivided into arterioles

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12
Q

how are arteries different from veins?

A

artery wall is thicker
artery lumen appears smaller
endothelium of artery can not contract

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13
Q

what are the two types of arteries?

A

elastic and muscular

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14
Q

describe elastic arteries

A 
large diameter
in areas of high pressure 
Media
-high % elastic tissue
-less smooth muscle
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15
Q

what are some examples of elastic arteries?

A

pulmonary trunk, aorta, carotid, subclavian, common iliacs

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16
Q

describe muscular arteries

A 
large to small diameter
carry blood to skeletal muscles and organs
Media
-much smooth muscle 
-less elastic tissue
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17
Q

What are some examples of muscular arteries?

A

Femoral, brachials, mesenterics

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18
Q

what are arterioles? describe them

A

Microscopic continuations of arteries

  • small diameter
  • adventitia is thin
  • no external elastic membrane
  • no vasa vasorum
19
Q

What do capillaries consist of?

A 
only intima 
-basement membrane 
-simple squamous epithelium 
very thin
variable permeability
20
Q

what materials are exchanged in capillaries?

A

nutrients
dissolved gases
wastes

21
Q

Capillary permeability is maximized by… (3 things)

A

thin wall
low BP
Slow blood flow

22
Q

what are the four mechanisms of permeability for capillaries?

A
  1. ) Diffusion across endothelial cells
    - lipids, gases
  2. ) Diffusion through gaps between endothelium
    - water, small solutes
  3. ) Diffusion through pores
    - water, larger solutes
  4. ) Vesicular transport with pinocytes
    - large, bound solutes
23
Q

Continuous Capillaries allow movement by…

A

passive diffusion and active transport

24
Q

where are continuous capillaries located?

A

CNS
Skeletal muscle
lungs

25
Q

Slide 14

A

it says many with bullets…. idk wtf D’Amore is talking about

26
Q

Fenestrated capillaries have the appearance of ________ because they have ________

A

swiss cheese; pores

27
Q

fenestrated capillaries allow movement of what 2 things?

A

peptides and small proteins

28
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries located?

A

Kidneys, intestines, endocrine glands, choroid plexus

29
Q

Sinusoid capillaries are specialized for max exchange by: (3)

A
  • large intercellular gaps
  • pores
  • discontinuous basement membrane (allows cells to enter and exit)
30
Q

Sinusoid capillaries are located where?

A

spleen, bone marrow, liver, adrenal glands

31
Q

A network of interconnected capillaries are known as what? describe

A

Capillary Beds

  • derived from arterioles
  • Precapillary sphincters (manages blood flow to bed)
  • Metarterioles (direct connection through the bed and leads to a thoroughfare channel)
32
Q

in capillary beds, describe Collateral arteries anastomosis

A
  • 2 arteries fuse
  • twice as much blood supplies the arteries
  • found in areas with high O2 demands
33
Q

In capillary beds, describe Artiovenous anastomosis

A

direct connection between arteriole and venule

where blood flow may be hindered by posture

34
Q

What are venules? describe them

A

smallest veins that collect blood from capillaries

  • can lack a media
  • scatter, minimal amount of smooth muscles occasionally
35
Q

describe medium sized veins (6)

A 
2-9 mm in diameter
thin media
few smooth muscle fibers
thick adventitia 
low BP
valves
36
Q

describe large sized veins(4)

A

thin media
thick adventitia
low BP
valves

37
Q

what are some examples of Large Sized veins

A

Great Veins
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
(and their tributaries)

38
Q

What are venous valves?

A

flap-like structures projecting inward

  • folds of media
  • found in exteremities
39
Q

Why are venous valves important?

A

Veins have low BP (valves prevent back flow of blood)
Movement of blood through veins
-movement of limbs and contraction of muscles (skeletal muscle pump)
-expansion of the thoracic cavity
-thoracoabdominal pump

40
Q

describe blood distribution

A
  1. ) Its Uneven
    - oxygenated blood in the heart, arteries, capillaries–> 1/3 of blood
    - deoxygenated, venous blood–> 2/3 of blood
  2. ) Known as the blood reservoir
  3. ) Veins contract during blood loss
41
Q

What are the two circuits?

A

Pulmonary and Systemic

42
Q

describe the Pulmonary circuit (5)

A
  • Deoxygenated blood goes to lungs from right ventricle
  • Oxygenated in alveolar capillaries of lungs
  • Brought to left atrium, then left ventricle
  • Veins=oxygenated
  • Arteries=deoxygenated
43
Q

describe Systemic circuit (5)

A
  • Oxygenated blood goes from left ventricle to body
  • Deoxygenation occurs in systemic capillaries
  • Brought to right atrium, then to right ventricle\
  • Veins=deoxygenated
  • Arteries-oxygenated

Anatomy (23 decks)

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