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Wine Diploma > Spain: Catalunya > Flashcards

Spain: Catalunya Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Catalunya?

A

NE Spain

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2
Q

What defines the eastern border of Catalunya?

A

The Mediterranean coast

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3
Q

What are the two biggest environmental factors on Catalunya’s climate?

A

The Mediterranean Sea and altitude

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4
Q

Would you find international varieties in Catalunya?

A

Yes- more so than other areas of Spain

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5
Q

What city provides Catalunya with large local market?

A

Barcalona

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6
Q

How many DOs in Catalunya?

A

11

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7
Q

How many DOQs in Catalunya?

A

1

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8
Q

What would you expect if you saw Vi de Finca on a label?

A

An exceptional wine from a single estate in Catalunya

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9
Q

What is looked at when decerning which wines are able to be labelled as Vi da Finca?

A

Strict specifications, including restricted yields and min length. of time for the wine to be established in the market

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10
Q

Where are grapes sources for Catalunya DO?

A

Anywhere in the autonomy of Catalunya

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11
Q

What style of wines would you expect to be labeled as Catalunya DO?

A

Inexpensive and mid priced wines from the largest producers.

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12
Q

how restrictive is the Catalunya DO?

A

Allows more freedom than smaller DOs in terms of where grapes can be sourced and the range of international/local grapes are permitted

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13
Q

Where is Penedes DO?

A

stretch of land along the Mediterranean coast, just south of Barcelona, to the mountains inland

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14
Q

What is the climate in Penedes?

A

Warm medeteranean

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15
Q

The DO of Penedes can be broadly divided into ____ zones

A

three

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16
Q

What % of Penedes DO is white varieties?

A

80%

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17
Q

What are the 3 most planted varieties in Penedes?

A

Xarel-lo, Macabeo and Parellada

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18
Q

What white grape varieties are permitted in Penedes?

A

Xarel-lo, Macabeo, Parellada, Chardonnay, Moscatel, Sauvignon Blanc, Gewurtztraminer, Rielsing

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19
Q

What black grape varieties are permitted in Penedes?

A

Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Tempranillo, Pinot Noir, Syrah and others

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20
Q

What is the most planted black variety in Penedes?

A

Merlot

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21
Q

What are the three climatic zones of Penedes (list E to West)

A

Penedes Maritim
Penedes Central
Penedes Superior

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22
Q

Where is Penedes Maritim?

A

Between the Mediterranean sea and the costal range of hills (just south of Barcelona)

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23
Q

What styles of wine would you expect in Penedes Maritim?

A

full bodies red wines from late ripening varietals ie Monastrell. Some inexpensive whites made from Xarel-lo, Macabeo and Parellada

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24
Q

What’s the climate like in Penedes Maritim and why?

A

Warm climate without temperature extremes due to the low altitude and proximity to the sea

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25
Q

Describe the geography of Penedes Central?

A

It lies on relatively flat plains, kown as the pre-costal depression, between the costal range and inland mountains

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26
Q

what is the altitude in Penedes Central?

A

up to 500m

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27
Q

What grapes do you commonly find grown in Penedes Central?

A

Large plantings of Xarel-lo, Macabeo, Parellada. Also Merlot, Cab Sauv, Tempranillo and Chardonnay

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28
Q

What is the altitude of Penedes Superior?

A

500-800 m in the inland mountains

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29
Q

where in Penedes is spring frost a problem and why?

A

Penedes Superior- altitude

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30
Q

What mountains in Penedes Superior between?

A

The Montserrat and the Montmell

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31
Q

What grapes are grown in Penedes Superior?

A

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Pinot Noir. Also small amounts of Riesling and Gewurztstaminer

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32
Q

Which part of Penedes is the coolest?

A

Penedes Superior

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33
Q

How much rainfall annually in Penedes?

A

500 mm

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34
Q

In Penedes the driest season is _______

A

Summer

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35
Q

Can you use irrigation in Penedes?

A

Yes- if vines are suffering from lack of water but authorisation must be gained from the Consejo Regulador

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36
Q

What’s the soil like in Penedes?

A

Generally loamy with some calcareous components.

- can generally store enough water through the ripening period

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37
Q

When and why did Penedes modernise it’s wine production practices?

A

60s and 70s- led by the example of Dijon educated Miguel Torres

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38
Q

What winemaking equipment was introduced to Penedes in the 60s-70s?

A

Temp controlled steel

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39
Q

Quality and price in Penedes?

A

good - v good

inexpensive - midpriced (a number of premium wines)

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40
Q

What has changed about the zoning in Penedes recently?

A

more precise zoning of vineyard areas and ten sup zones have been mapped based on geographical and cultural parameters.

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41
Q

What percentage of wines from Penedes DO. are exported?

A

30%

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42
Q

Largest export markets for Penedes?

A

Germany, Canada, Switzerland, China and USA

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43
Q

Where do most of the domestic sales for Penedes DO wines come from?

A

90% of all domestic sales are in Catalunya. (ie locally/Barcelona)

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44
Q

When were vineyards first planted in Priorat and who planted them?

A

12th Century by Carthusian monks

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45
Q

When did Priorat receive international recognition?

A

The last few decades

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46
Q

What has historically made viticulture difficult in Priorat?

A

A lack of easy access, challenging topography and some extremes of weather

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47
Q

What problems did Priorat face at the end of the 19th century?

A

Phylloxera and growth of the textile industry in Catalunya (local workers abandoned vineyards and moved to the cities.

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48
Q

Which local producer in Priorat reinvigorated vineyards in 1989?

A

Rene Barbier

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49
Q

What did Rene Barbier do in Priorat?

A

formed a small group of viticulturists and winemakers to re-invigorate several specific vineyards and produce wines, blending in international varieties such as Cab Sauv, Syrah and Merlot. And using French inspired winemaking techniques. (ie oak)

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50
Q

What wines did Rene Barbier make?

A

Clos Mogador, Clos Dofi, Clos de L’Obac, Clos Martinet and Clos Erasmus

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51
Q

When did Priorat see a big increase in estates?

A

late 1990s

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52
Q

When was Priorat promoted from DO to DOQ?

A

2009

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53
Q

What is the climate in Priorat?

A

warm continental

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54
Q

What geographical feature protects Priorat from cold winds?

A

the Serra de Montsant in the north

55
Q

What geographical feature protects Priorat from Mediterranean influence?

A

the Serra de Llaberia

56
Q

Summers in Priorat DOQ are ______

A

Hot and dry

57
Q

What is the diurnal range like in Priorat?

A

high diurnal range. Hot with cool nights

58
Q

Winters in Priorat DOQ are _______

A

very cold

59
Q

Rainfall in Priorat is…..

A

500-600 mm

60
Q

When does it rain in Priorat and in what form?

A

winter and spring in heavy storms

61
Q

Is irrigation permitted in Priorat DOQ?

A

in the driest years and for the establishment of new vineyards

62
Q

What river winds through Priorat?

A

the river Siurana

63
Q

What gives Priorat it’s wide range of altitudes and aspects?

A

winding valleys carved by the river siurana and it’s tributaries.

64
Q

Altitude in Priorat DOQ?

A

100-750 m

65
Q

How many hectares in Priorat total, and how many planted?

A

17600 ha total and 2000 ha planted

66
Q

What gradients are slopes in Priorat?

A

Ranges from 5% to 60%

67
Q

How do growers in priorat help to reduce soil erosion?

A

narrow terraces

68
Q

Would you expect to. find mechanisation in Priorat and why?

A

no- slopes and narrow terraces don’t allow it

69
Q

What’s the soil like in Priorat DOQ?

A

Varied. Largely poor and stoney but with some outcrops of clay. The slate based soils are known as llicorella

70
Q

what is llicorella? Describe

A

Slate based soils in Priorat DOQ- thin, rocky and lacking in nutrients, with characteristic particles of Mica that reflect both light and heat back onto the vines

71
Q

What is special about the bedrock in Priorat?

A

the slate bedrock splits into vertical layers which means that vine roots can grow deep in search of water

72
Q

What contributes to low yields in Priorat?

A

low rainfall, low nutrient levels and lots of old vines

73
Q

How are old vineyards in Priorat planted?

A

low density with bush vines

74
Q

How are new vineyards in Priorat planted?

A

VSP trellised where possible

75
Q

average yields in Priorat?

A

5-6 hL/ha

76
Q

Maximum permitted yield in Priorat?

A

39 hL/ha

77
Q

What 2 black varieties make up the majority of plantings in Priorat DOQ and why?

A

Garnacha and Carinena- well suited to hot days and dry conditions.

78
Q

What grape is found in the warmest sites in Priorat?

A

Carinena- suited to the harsh conditions

79
Q

What international varieties are grown in Priorat?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Merlot

80
Q

Is the popularity of international varieties in Priorat growing or reducing?

A

Reducing

81
Q

what white varieties are grown in Priorat?

A

garnacha Blanca and Macabeo

82
Q

White grapes make up what percentage of plantings in priorat?

A

6%

83
Q

What kind of yeasts would you expect in priorat DOQ and why?

A

Cultured yeasts as high levels of potential alcohol in the grapes means fermentation with ambient yeasts can be slow.

84
Q

Red wines in Priorat are typically matured in what vessel and for how long?

A

French oak, for 1 - 2 years

85
Q

What ABV would you expect from red wines in Priorat?

A

14.5% and more

86
Q

What are the four classifications of Priorat wines?

A

Vi de Vila
Vi de Paratge
Vinya Classificada
Gran Vinya Classificada

87
Q

What is ‘Vi de Vila’ in Priorat DOQ?

A

Grapes must come from one of Priorate 12 sub-zones. Name of sub zone followed by Vi de Villa on the label.

88
Q

What is ‘Vi de Paratge’ in Priorat DOQ?

A

Grapes must be grown within a single paratge (named site/lieu dit).

89
Q

What is the translation of Paratge and how many are there in Priorat?

A

‘named site’ (equivalent of a lieu dit)

There are 459

90
Q

What is ‘Vinya Classificada’ in Priorat DOQ?

A

A wine from a single vineyard of merit within a Paratje. (cru)

91
Q

What is ‘Gran Vinta Classificada’ in Priorat DOQ?

A

A wine from a single vineyard of exceptional merit within a Paratje. (grand cru)

92
Q

How do you qualify for. a specific classification in Priorat?

A

Producers must own the vineyard or have rented it for minimum of 7 years.

Individual classifications have different regulations regarding yield and minimum grape proportions.

93
Q

In Priorat DOQ, wines classified as Vinya Classificada or Gran Vinya Classificada require critical recognition over a minimum of ______ years.

A

FIVE

94
Q

The Consejo Regulador certify the use of what term?

A

Old vines. Minimum 75 years old or planted before 1945

95
Q

Where is Montsant DO?

A

Forms an almost complete ring around Priorat DOQ.

96
Q

Where within the DO of montsant do you find. the bulk of plantings?

A

The south, where the land flattens out to the lower valley of the River Ebro.

97
Q

Does Montsant have more or less Mediterranean influence than Priorat?

A

More- closer to. the coast

98
Q

In Montsant, summers are generally ____ and ____, with most of the rain falling in the ______ and _______.

A

In Montsant, summers are generally WARM and DRY, with most of the rain falling in the WINTER and SPRING.

99
Q

What is the north of Montsant like?

A

more mountainous, higher altitudes (300-700 m) and generally cooler temperatures

100
Q

What’s the soil like in Montsant?

A

A mixture- clay based to sandy.
Some patches of Licorella particularly in the South.
In the North and East, there’s more limestone content.

101
Q

Compare Montsant to Priorat.

A

Vineyards easier to work.
Topography and weather less extreme.
Soils more fertile.
Yields tend to be higher.

102
Q

What % of Montsant is black grapes?

A

94%

103
Q

Which 2 grapes make up 2/3rds of Montsant’s plantings?

A

Garnacha and Carinena

104
Q

What grapes are planted in Montsant?

A

Garnacha, Carinena, Tempranillo, Syrah, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon

105
Q

In Montsant would you expect to see blends or single varietal wines?

A

Many blends, but single varietal Garnacha and Carinena are not uncommon.

106
Q

What vessels would you expect Montsant DO wines to be. aged in and for how long?

A

French or American. oak barrels, 1-2. years

107
Q

Describe the style of wines from the south of Montsant

A

ripe, fruity and full bodied with high alcohol, Medium + acidity.
good- v good, mid priced- premium

108
Q

Name 2 producers from Montsant?

A

Espectacle and cellar de Capcanes

109
Q

Which. white grapes are grown in Montsant?

A

Garnacha Blanca and Macabeo

110
Q

How many hectares of vineyards in Montsant?

A

1900 ha

111
Q

What type of winemaker is most prevalent in. Montsant

A

Cooperatives

112
Q

When did Montsant get DO status?

A

2001

113
Q

Producers from which other region have been tempted to Montsant because of the cheaper land?

A

Priorat!!!

114
Q

How much of the wine Montsant is exported?

A

45%

115
Q

Top export markets for Montsant?

A

Germany, USA, France, Switzerland, UK

116
Q

Where is Costers Del Segre DO in comparison to other areas in Catalunya?

A

Further North and more inland

117
Q

How many ‘not entirely contiguous’ sub zones are there in Costers Del Segre DO?

A

7 (contiguous=not touching, ffs)

118
Q

What is the climate in Costers Del Segre DO?

A

Continental climate with hot summers and cold winters

119
Q

Rainfall in Costers Del Segre?

A

Low- 400 mm

120
Q

Who first planted in Costers Del Segre and when?

A

Manuel Raventos in the early 1900s (owner of Condorniu)

121
Q

When was the DO of Costers Del Segre established?

A

1980s

122
Q

What establishment work was needed in Costers Del Segre before the land could support vines?

A

The saline soils were improved and irrigation channels were installed.

123
Q

Altitude in Costers del Segre DO?

A

200-700 m

124
Q

What styles of wine are produced in the higher altitude vineyards of Costers del Segre?

A

Cava, white varieties and early ripening black varieties

125
Q

What is the soil like in Costers del Segre?

A

Sandy and free draining

126
Q

Is irrigation permitted in Costers del Segre?

A

Yes and it is needed in most vineyards

127
Q

Red grapes permitted in Costers del Segre?

A

Garnacha, Tempranillo, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

128
Q

white grapes permitted in Costers del Segre?

A

Macabeo, Parellada, Xarel-lo (mainly for cava production), Chardonnay, Garnacha Blanca and Sauvignon Blanc

129
Q

Describe still wines from Costers del Segre?

A

Generally made in a fresh, fruity style for early drinking.
Blends are common.
mid priced with a few premium examples

130
Q

Would you expect wines from Costers del Segre to be oaked?

A

Reds and some Chardonnay may be aged in French or American oak

131
Q

How many hectares of plantings in Costers del Segre?

A

4000 ha

132
Q

Who owns a third of Costers Del Segre?

A

Raimat (aka Raventos)

133
Q

Significant producers in Costers del Segre DO?

A

Raimat (Raventos) and Castell dEncus

134
Q

What speciality program does Costers del Segre have?

A

It’s own sustainability program, concerned with social, economic and environmental parameters. 70% or production

Wine Diploma (62 decks)

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