Southern Rhône Flashcards
Describe the climate in Southern Rhône
Warm Mediterranean: mild winters, warm, dry summers
Describe rainfall in the Southern Rhône and what can result from this
Usually adequate
Drought can be an issue some summers: irrigation is permitted if severe but under strict conditions
Is land in the Southern Rhône flatter or steeper than in the Northern Rhône? How does this affect growing conditions here?
Flatter
Less protection from the Mistral
What training systems are typical for vines grown in the Southern Rhône?
Low bush trained vines
Syrah is often grown tied to wires on trellises for wind protection
Give the four levels of appellations found in Southern Rhône-
- Côtes du Rhône AOC
- Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC
- Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC + named village
- Individual appellations for top villages known as cru e.g. CNDP, Gigondas, Cairanne
Give a typical tasting note for Grenache Noir
Pale ruby Ripe red fruit, red cherry, red plum, spicy and herbal notes Low acidity Low to medium tannin High alcohol
Is Grenache late or early ripening?
Late ripening - autumn rains can cause issue
What diseases can Grenache vines face when growing?
Prone to powdery mildew, phomopsis, botrytis and bacterial blight
Is Grenache a high or low yielding vine?
How is it trained to combat this?
What sites is it consequently best suited to?
High yielding
Bush trained, pruned short to contain vigour. Also helps with wind protection
Does well on dry, low fertility soils
Is Grenache prone to oxidation or reduction? How might it be handled in the winery as a result?
Oxidation
Can lose colour if exposed to too much oxidation
Typically fermented in stainless steel or concrete to avoid too much oxygen
Is Mourvedre prone to oxidation or reduction? How might it be handled in the winery as a result?
Reduction
Pump overs might be more frequent
Oak ageing can add gentle oxidation (but adds to cost)
Mourvedre is a ___ budding and ____ ripening variety.
What climates does it perform best in?
Late budding and late ripening
Only likes hot climates - needs high temperatures to fully ripen and can be under ripe if late summers are not hot
What diseases / pests can Mourvedre vines face when growing?
Mites
Leaf hoppers
Sour rot
Give a typical tasting note for Mourvedre
Deep ruby colour Pronounced intensity Blackberry, blueberry, violet High tannin High alcohol
Give a typical tasting note for Cinsault
Light ruby colour Medium to medium (+) intensity Raspberry, red cherry Low to medium tannin High alcohol
Cinsault is ___ budding and ____ yielding
What does it have good resistance to?
Late budding and high yielding
Good drought and heat resistance
Carignan is ____ budding and ____ ripening
Late budding and late ripening
Why is Carignan not suitable for mechanical harvesting?
Bunched are firmly attached to the vine
Give a typical tasting note for Carignan from younger vines
How will top examples differ?
Medium ruby Simple black fruit High acidity High tannin Usually unoaked
Top examples have intense black fruit and spicy/ earthy notes
What winemaking techniques can be employed to soften Carignan’s high acidity and tannin?
Carbonic maceration
Blending
Grenache Blanc is ____ ripening, _____ yielding and ____ resistant.
It is prone to ____, ____ mildew, _____ and ____ ____ ___
Early ripening, high yielding and drought resistant
Prone to coulure, powdery mildew, phomopsis and botrytis bunch rot
Give a typical tasting note for Grenache Blanc
Low intensity
Ripe, green fruit, floral notes
Low acidity
High alcohol
Give a typical tasting note for Clairette
White flower, fennel, apple, grapefruit
Low to medium acidity
High alcohol
Give a typical tasting note for Bourboulenc
Lemon
Medium + acidity
Medium alcohol
What is the maximum yield for Côtes du Rhône AOC red and rosé wines?
What are the principle varieties and minimum % of final blend?
51hl/ha
Grenache, Mourvedre and Syrah must be 60%
Grenache must be 30%
What is the maximum yield for Côtes du Rhône AOC white wines?
What are the principle varieties and minimum % of final blend?
51hl/ha
Bourboulenc, Clairette, Grenache Blanc, Marsanne, Roussanne and Viognier together must make up 80% of the blend
What is the maximum yield for Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC red?
What is the maximum yield for Côtes du Rhône Villages AOC + village red?
45hl/ ha
42hl/ha