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Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

Historians believe that wine in Portugal was made in the ____ and ____ Valleys as far back as ____BCE, with vines planted by the ____, who originated from what is now Andalusia, Spain

A

Tagus and Sado Valleys

As far back as 2000 BCE, with vines planted by the Tartessians, who originated from what is now Andalusia, Spain

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2
Q

What was the name of the treaty between England and Portugal signed in 1386?

What was the name of the more recent treaty signed in 1703?

Portugal had an alliance with England for many years - why was this relationship so important?

A

Treaty of Windsor

The Methuen Treaty

Through several centuries of on-off wars with France, the UK turned to Portugal when France forbade supplies or taxed at punitive rates

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3
Q

Name some key events in the 19th / early 20th century that negatively impacted the Portuguese wine industry

A

Peninsular war
Portuguese Civil War
French and Spanish wines become more sought after
Phylloxera in 1867
Installation of dictator Salazar in 1932-1972

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4
Q

Explain how Antonio de Oliveira Salazar’s government did little to promote quality wine production in Portugal during his time in power (1932-1972)

A

Co-ops were given preferential rights
More than 100 co-ops were founded in 50s and 60s
These were badly equipped and run
They produced high volumes of low quality wine
This tarnished Portugal’s reputation

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5
Q

Name the two most successful branded wines produced in Portugal during the 40s

A

Mateus Rosé

Lancers Rosé

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6
Q

What two events in the second half of the 20th century signalled the start of a new era in Portugal?

A

The Carnation Revolution (signalling the return to democracy) in the mid 70s
Accession to the EU (1986)

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7
Q

What effect did Portugal’s return to democracy and accession to the EU have on wine production?

A
  • Restrictions on trade and production ceased
  • Low interest loans and grants encouraged many winemakers to make and market wines (higher quality)
  • Modernisation of infrastructure
  • New research programmes and training
  • Investment in modern grape growing and winemakeing
  • Co-ops were forced to adapt or close
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8
Q

Which ocean strongly influences the weather in Portugal?

What type of weather does it bring?

A

The Atlantic

Brings cool, rainy weather, particularly to the north west

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9
Q

Describe why some of the inland wine growing regions in the north or Portugal are warmer and drier than those to the west.

A

Mountain ranges provide shelter

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10
Q

Describe the growing conditions in the south of Portugal

A

Weather is warmer and drier

The topography is characterised by rolling hills and plains

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11
Q

Where would you expect to find granite and/or schist soils in Portugal?

A 
In mountainous regions such as:
Vinho Verde
Douro
Dao
Some hilly outcrops in Alentejo
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12
Q

How many hectares were under vine in Portugal in 2018?

A

190,000ha

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13
Q

Since Portugal joined the EU in 1986, how have plantings of vines changed?

A

Lots of high producing vineyards in alluvial soils were grubbed up
Replanting has been focused on higher quality plantings and has been restricted to avoid surpluses

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14
Q

Why has Alentejo seen a particular increase in investment?

A

It has a warm, sunny, dry climate and flat topography making mechanisation easier

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15
Q

What is the total production of Portuguese wine annually?

A

560m - 710 million hl

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16
Q

What vine training systems are common in Portugal?

A

Most vineyards are pruned and trained to either cordon or replacement caned and VSP trellised

A significant number of old bush vines are found in the Douro and certain areas of Alentejo, with smaller numbers also in Dao and Bairrada

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17
Q

When can irrigation be used in Portugal?

A

In very dry years, producers can notify significant bodies to inform them that they plan to irrigate. It cannot be used to boost yields

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18
Q

Portugal’s admission to the EU led to substantial modernisation in winemaking practices. Explain some of these

A

Protective winemaking with the use of stainless steel (producing fruity whites)
Destemming equipment (helped tannin management)
Introduction of French oak (to soften tannin)

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19
Q

What is the name of the DOC in Alentejo where wines must be fermented on their skins in clay?

A

Vinho de Talha DOC

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20
Q

What percentage of Portuguese agricultural output does grape growing represent?

A

35%

This is the highest in the world

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21
Q

Until the ____ ____ in 1974, Portuguese winemakers had a ready market selling grapes and wine to ____ and ____ producing bulk wine which was then shipped to former African colonies in ____ and ____

A

Until the Carnation Revolution in 1974, Portuguese winemakers had a ready market selling grapes and wine to negociants and co-ops producing bulk wine which was then shipped to former African colonies in Mozambique and Angola

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22
Q

How much Portuguese wine was exported in 2018?

A

2.3 million hl

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23
Q

What are Portugal’s largest export markets by value?

A

France
USA
UK
Brazil

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24
Q

What are Portugal’s largest export markets by volume?

A

France
Angola
Germany
UK

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25
Q

What is the name of the promotional body in Portugal?

A

Wines of Portugal

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26
Q

Have domestic/ export sales increased or decreased over the last decade?

A

Both have steadily increased

There has been growth in domestic income compared to the recession years and a rise in tourism

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27
Q

Where is Vinho Verde DOC? What geographical features are here?

A

North west Portugal
Atlantic ocean is to the west
The river Minho is to the north
Mountains of Peneda-Geras National Park are to the east

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28
Q

How many grape growers farm how many hectares in Vinho Verde?

Do most growers bottle their own wine or sell to merchants/ co-ops

A

17,250 grape growers farm 1,588ha

Most sell grapes on

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29
Q

How many subregions in Vinho Verde DOC?

A

9

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30
Q

What is the name of the Vinho Regional (VR) which covers the same geographical area as Vinho Verde DOC?

Is production for the VR larger or smaller than the DOC?

A

Minho

Production is much smaller

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31
Q

Describe the climate in Vinho Verde

What features give rise to this?

A

Moderate maritime climate

The Atlantic coast and a network of river valleys that funnel Atlantic winds inwards

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32
Q

In Vinho Verde, as the land gradually ____ to the east, soils become ____ and the climate becomes more ____

A

In Vinho Verde, as the land gradually rises to the east, soils become poorer and the climate becomes more continental.

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33
Q

Warmer, drier Vinho Verde subregions like ____ and ____ _ ____ lend themselves to later ripening grapes such as ____, and produce wines with more ____ and ____

A

Warmer, drier subregions like Baião and Monção e Melgação

lend themselves to later ripening grapes such as Avesso, and produce wines with more body and alcohol

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34
Q

What is the average rainfall in Vinho Verde?

What threats does this bring

A

High - up to 1,500mm per year

Rot and mildew can be an issue

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35
Q

What soils do you generally find in Vinho Verde?

A

Granitic bedrock with a shallow topsoil of decomposed granite with a sandy texture
Soils have good drainage (good for high rainfall)

Soil fertility is low - fertilisers are commonly needed

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36
Q

What vine training methods would you expect in Vinho Verde?

A

Vines were traditionally trained up trees to benefit from better air circulation

Most modern vineyards are now planted in rows either double or single guyot (replacement cane) with VSP or Lyre system

Vines are trained high to improve air circulation and reduce chances of rot

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37
Q

Name some summer pruning techniques that might be used in Vinho Verde. Why would these be carried out?

A

Removing lateral shoots
Leaf removal
Green harvest

This improves air circulation through the canopy and enhances fruit ripening.

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38
Q

Describe the typical aromas of Loureiro. What level of acidity would you expect?

A

Citrus, pear, floral and herbal aromas

Med (+) acidity

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39
Q

What is the most planted grape in Vinho Verde?

Where is it mostly grown?

A

Loureiro

Grown throughout the region, but predominantly by the coast

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40
Q

Where is Alvarinho mostly planted in Vinho Verde?

A

Traditionally grown in the north in Monção e Melgação

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41
Q

Describe the typical aromas of Alvarinho. What level of acidity would you expect? Body?

A

Citrus, peach and sometimes tropical notes
Medium (+) to high acidity
Medium (+) body

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42
Q

Describe the typical aromas of Paderna. What level of acidity would you expect?

What is another name for Paderna?

A

Neutral - subtle citrus and apple
High acidity

Arinto

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43
Q

Describe the typical aromas of Avesso. What level of acidity would you expect? Body?

A

Citrus and stone fruit
Lower acidity
Relatively full bodied

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44
Q

Describe the typical aromas of Trajadura. What level of acidity would you expect?

What is another name for Trajadura?

A

Apple and peach
Low acidity

Treixadura

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45
Q

What is the most planted black grape in Vinho Verde?

Describe the typical aromas, colour and acidity

A

Vinhão (Sousão or Sousón)

Red cherry, deep colour, high acidity

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46
Q

What winemaking practices would you expect for inexpensive, high volume Vinho Verde wines?

What sort of wine businesses produce these wines?

A

Source and blend fruit from across Vinhoe Verde
Protective winemaking
Cool fermentations
Add CO2 at bottling for a light spritz
Some wines may have residual sugar
Bottled for release soon after fermentation

Co-ops and large merchants mostly produce these wines

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47
Q

Give a typical tasting note for an inexpensive, high volume Vinho Verde wine

A 
Apple, citrus, peach flavours
Dry/ off dry
Medium (+) to high acidity
Medium (-) body
Low alcohol
Good quality
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48
Q

What winemaking practices would you expect for higher quality Vinho Verde wines?

What sort of wine businesses produce these wines? What quality / price do they acheive?

A

Growing number of single varietal / single subregion wines
Ambient yeasts
Use of old oak for fermentation and/or maturation
Hold wines on lees for a few months to add texture and complexity

Often from small, boutique winemakers
V.good, mid-priced to premium

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49
Q

What is the minimum ABV of Vinho Verde wines?

What is the minimum ABV of Vinho Verde wines if the subregion is given on the label?

A

Min. 8% ABV

Rises to min 9% ABV

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50
Q

What is the only subregion in Vinho Verde that can name Alvarinho on its label as a single varietal?

What is the minimum ABV for this wine?

A

Monção e Melgação

(other regions would have to declassify to Minho VR to label as Alvarinho)

Min. 11.5% ABV

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51
Q

What percentage of Vinho Verde is exported?

A

35%

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52
Q

Which countries are Vinho Verde’s biggest export markets by volume?

A

Germany
USA
Brazil
France

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53
Q

Who produces “Barca Velha?”

What DOC is it from?

What is significant about this producer?

A

Ferreirinha

Douro DOC

They were the first house in Douro dedicated to making a table wine.

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54
Q

Describe the climate in Douro DOC

A

Warm continental - weather is warmer and drier moving eastwards inland

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55
Q

List the 3 subzones in Douro from west to east. Give the annual rainfall for each.

A

Baixo Corgo (coolest and wettest, 900mm per annum)

Cima Corgo (700mm per annum)

Douro Superior (Warmest and driest, 450mm per annum)

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56
Q

The western limit of the Douro region is marked by the ____ __ ____ which shields the region from the worst of the cooler, damper, weather coming in from the _____. This means that the climate in general is ____ ____

A

The western limit of the Douro region is marked by the Serra do Marão which shields the region from the worst of the cooler, damper, weather coming in from the Atlantic. This means that the climate in general is warm continental.

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57
Q

Explain why there are a range of aspects, altitudes and microclimates in the Douro

A

The Douro river and its tributaries provide valley sides to plant vineyards on

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58
Q

Describe the soils in Douro

A

Bedrock is schist with a shallow topsoil of decomposed schist

Low in organic matter with stony texture

Schist bedrock splits into vertical layers through which roots break through in search of water

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59
Q

Give the key characteristics of the Touriga Franca vine

A 
Late ripening - suited to warm plots
Tight bunches
Thick skin
Disease resistant
Can be vigorous
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60
Q

What does Touriga Franca add to Douro blends?

A 
Deep colour
Juicy red and black fruit, floral aromas
High acidity
High tannin
Medium body
Medium alcohol
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61
Q

Give the key characteristics of the Tinta Roriz vine

A

Tempranillo
Early ripening - best on cooler sites
Can suffer hydric stress
High yielding - restrict for concentration

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62
Q

What does Tinta Roriz add to Douro blends?

A

Body and deep colour

63
Q

Give the key characteristics of Touriga Nacional vine

A

Mid ripening
Thick skins
Coulure prone- can lower yields and cause imbalance
Vegetal vigour - needs summer pruning

64
Q

What does Touriga Nacional add to Douro blends?

A 
Deep colour
Black fruit and floral aromas
High acidity
High tannin
Long ageing potential - good lead grape
65
Q

Give the key characteristics of the Tinta Baroroca vine

A

Early ripening - cooler sites
Prone to heat damage and shrivelling
High yielding

66
Q

What are the two popular lead grapes for Douro red wines?

A

Touriga Franca

Touriga Nacional

67
Q

Give the key characteristics of the Tinto Cão vine

A 
Late ripening
Heat tolerant
Low yielding
Small, thick skinned berries
Good disease resistance
68
Q

What does Sousão add to Douro blends?

A

Deep colour and high acidity

69
Q

What aromas, acidity and body would you expect from Vosinho?

A

Floral and stone fruit aroma
Can lack acidity
Full body

70
Q

What aromas and acidity level would you expect from Rabigato?

A

Citrus and floral notes

High acidity

71
Q

What aromas and acidity level would you expect from Gouvaio? What is another name for this grape?

A

Citrus and stone fruit
Medium (+) acidity

Godello

72
Q

What does Moscatel Gallego Branco add to white Douro blends? What is another name for this grape?

A

Adds aromatic intensity

Muscat à petit grains

73
Q

Name the four white grapes commonly grown in the Douro

A

Vosinho
Rabigato
Gouvaio
Moscatel Gallego Branco

74
Q

Where are white varieties often planted in the Douro? Why?

A

At higher altitudes

This gives higher diurnal range, enabling the grapes to retain acidity

75
Q

Why do Douro producers often blend grapes from different sites and varieties?

A

To achieve balance and freshness in the final wines, aiming for ripe but not overripe fruit flavours

76
Q

What styles of wine are permitted within Douro DOC?

Which style dominates?

A

Red, white, rosé and sparkling

Red wines dominate (70% of production)

77
Q

Name two significant Douro producers

A

Prats and Symington

Quinta do Vale Menão

78
Q

Why do Douro producers routinely destem grapes?

A

Additional tannin rarely needed (tannic grapes)

Avoid green, unripe flavours

79
Q

Describe what options Douro producers have for fermenting red wines

A

Stainless steel - allows temperature control
Low temp for red (24 to 28 degrees) to control tannin extraction

Some may ferment a portion of wine in lagares, or start fermentation in them - this allows producers to monitor extraction

Early drinking wines are pressed off the skins once fermentation is complete

Post fermentation maceration is an option for premium wines to further extract and soften tannins

80
Q

What vessels are often used for maturation of Douro red wines?

A

Traditionally, large format Portuguese oak was used
French barriques are now common
Increasingly producers are using larger vessels and less new oak for more fruit flavour

81
Q

What is the name of the VR which covers the same area as Dão Doc?

A

Terras do Dão VR

82
Q

Describe the climate in Dão

What geographical feature affects the region?

A

Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and mild winters

It is surrounded by mountains - protection from cool maritime conditions from the west and warmer, more arid conditions from the east and south

83
Q

What is the annual rainfall in the Dão?

A

1,600mm in west
1,100mm in east
Relatively high all over, mostly falling in autumn and winter

84
Q

Name the six most important black grapes in the Douro

A 
Touriga Nacional
Tinta Roriz
Touriga Nacional
Tinta Barroca 
Tinto Cão
Sousão
85
Q

What types of tree are heavily planted around Dão and said to bring a signature note to the wines?

A

Pine and Eucalyptus

86
Q

At what altitude are most Dão vineyards planted? What effect does this have on the growing conditions?

A

400-500m

Provides diurnal range and moderates day time temperatures

87
Q

Describe the soils you would expect in Dão

A

Mainly weathered granite with a sandy or loamy texture

Soils are low in organic matter and free draining, meaning water stress can be an issue during ripening

88
Q

What training systems are used for vines in Dão?

A

Most modern plantings are double or single guyot (replacement cane pruned) or cordon pruned with VSP trellising

Bush vines were traditional, and there are still some

89
Q

What are the key black grape varieties found in Dão?

A

Touriga Nacional
Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
Jaen (Mencia)
Alfrocheiro

90
Q

What does Jaen add to Dão red blends?

A

Raspberry and blackberry flavours
Moderate acidity

Softens blends and adds ripe, fruity flavours

91
Q

What does Alfrocheiro add to Dão red blends?

A

Strawberry and blackberry flavours
Medium tannin
Medium body

Softens blends and adds ripe, fruity flavours

92
Q

Describe how wines from the Dão might differ from those from the Douro

A

Dão wines are less full bodied and less intense than Douro wines, often with fresher fruit flavours and higher acidity

93
Q

Name 2 significant producers in Dão

A

Vinha Paz

Quinta da Pellada

94
Q

How much Dão wine is exported?

Which countries are the biggest markets?

A

Only 15 to 20%

Canada, Brazil, USA and China

95
Q

How many growers are based in Dão?

Are vineyard holdings here generally large or small?

A

30,000

Small - over 90% of of vineyards are under 0.5ha

96
Q

What is the climate in Bairrada?

What is the annual rainfall?

When does rain generally fall and why is this problematic?

A

Maritime climate

High rainfall - 800-1,200mm

Usually falls in Spring and Autumn: Baga is late ripening so can cause issues

97
Q

Describe how you might expect vines in Bairrada to be trained

A

Traditionally: trained to high individually staked bush vines

Modern: Trellised, guyot (replacement cane pruned) with VSP

98
Q

What soils would you expect in the west of Bairrada?

What soils are in the unofficial subregion of Cantanhede in the south?

A

West: Fertile alluvial soils and limestone clay slopes

South: Limestone clay

99
Q

Give the key characteristics of the Baga vine

A

Late ripening - needs warmth
Vigorous

Site selection and limiting yield is needed to ensure full ripeness

100
Q

Give a typical tasting note for a Baga wine

A

Cranberry, cherry and plum fruit
High acidity
Medium body

Can be astringent when young, but wines soften with age

101
Q

What type of soils is Baga best suited to?

Where might you find these in the Bairrada region?

A

Limestone and clay - balance between water retention and drainage

South, in the warm Cantanhede area

102
Q

Where are the best sites for Baga production in Bairrada?

A

As Baga is late ripening, it needs warmth: sites with south facing aspects and protection from cool northerly winds by eucalyptus and pine forests are best.

103
Q

What is the main grape used in Mateus Rose?

A

Baga

104
Q

What grape varieties, and in which proportions, would you find in Bairrada classico?

A

Must be minimum 50% Baga and minimum 85% a blend of Baga, Alfrocheiro, Touriga Nacional, Jaen and Camarate

105
Q

Name four key white grapes found in Bairrada

A

Maria Gomes
Bical
Arinto
Cercial

106
Q

Give the key characteristics of the Maria Gomes vine

What aromas would you expect from these wines?

A

High yielding
Early ripening
Can reach medium + acidity but quickly drops

Citrus and floral notes

107
Q

Give the key characteristics of the Bical vine

What aromas would you expect from these wines?

A

Early ripening
Can reach medium + acidity but quickly drops

Peach and tropical notes

108
Q

What might Arinto and Cercial grapes add to a white blend?

A

Apple and citrus flavours

Add acidity

109
Q

Inexpensive white wines from Bairrada are usually sourced from ____ soils and are fermented in ____ ____ at ______ temperatures.

Mid priced and premium wines are often sourced from ____ ____ soils and may be fermented and matured in ____ for a short period of time

A

Inexpensive white wines from Bairrada are usually sourced from sandy soils and are fermented in stainless steel at cool temperatures.

Mid priced and premium wines are often sourced from clay limestone soils and may be fermented and matured in oak for a short period of time

110
Q

How many growers are there in Bairrada?

What are the main types of wine businesses here?

A

2000

Co-ops and merchants are common

111
Q

What is the name of the small group of producers focusing on quality wines made from 100% Baga?

A

Baga Friends

112
Q

Why do some producers use the Vinho Regional label Beira Atlantico rather than Bairrada DOC?

A

They object to the extension of the DO to include international varietals

113
Q

What 2 white and 2 black international varietals are permitted in Bairrada DOC?

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Merlot
Cab Sauvignon

114
Q

Where is Alentejo DOC?

How many hectares of vines are planted here?

Name the VR covering the same region

A

Extends over much of south-eastern Portugal

Around 23,000ha planted

Alentejano VR

115
Q

What climate would you expect in Alentejo?

What is the annual rainfall? When does most rain fall?

A

Mediterranean climate: warm summes and mild winters, with more extreme temperatures inland

500mm in the north, 800mm in the south
Most falls in the autumn and winter, and drip irrigation is common

116
Q

What soils might you find in Alentejo?

A

Wide range of soils:
Granite / schist / limestone
Textures range from sand to clay

117
Q

How many subregions in Alentejo?

Which subregion is the coolest and why?

A

8

Portalegre: vineyards are at 800m and in the north of the region. Fruit is fresher with higher acidity

118
Q

What percentage of plantings in Alentejo are black grapes?

What are the three key black varietals planted here?

A

75%

Aragonez (Tinta Roriz/ Tempranillo)
Alicante Bouschet
Trincadeira

119
Q

What does Alicante Bouschet add to red blends?

In what Portuguese region would you expect it to feature?

A

Deep colour (red flesh)
Red and black berry fruit
High acid
High tannin

Common in Alentejo

120
Q

What are the key characteristics of the Trincadeira vine?

In what Portuguese region would you expect it to feature?

A

Susceptible to rot
High yielding

Common in Alentejo

121
Q

What does Trincadeira add to red blends?

A

Blackberry and spice
Medium acidity
Medium tannin

122
Q

Name two significant red wine producers in Alentejo

A

Cartuxa

Muchão

123
Q

What are the key characteristics of the Roupeiro vine?

What aromas would you expect from this grape?

In which region is this the most planted white grape?

A

Susceptible to rot, retains acidity well

Citrus and stone fruit - fruit fades quickly with age

Alentejo

124
Q

Which four native white grapes are commonly planted in Alentejo?

Which 2 international white varietals are also permitted?

A

Roupeiro
Arinto
Padernã
Antão Vaz

Chardonnay and Viognier

125
Q

What styles of wine are commonly made with Antão Vaz grapes?

A

Early picked, fresh wines

Later picked, fuller bodied wines (often oaked) with tropical fruit

Talha wines with evident skin contact

126
Q

Has production of Alentejo DOC and Alentejano VR increased or decreased in the last decade?

A

Increased

127
Q

What percentage of Portuguese wine exports is made up of Alentejo wine?

A

20%

128
Q

Why is Alentejo suited to high volume, inexpensive wine production?

A

High sunshine hours
Dry summers
Relatively flat (allowing for mechanisation)
EU funding allows producers to pursue this model

129
Q

Where is the Lisboa wine region?

What is the total area under vine?

A

A long thin region running from Lisbon in the south to 150km further north

18,000ha under vine

130
Q

The western side of the Lisboa region runs alongside the ____ ____ bringing ____ ____ and ____ ____ which makes grape growing a challenge.

However, producers are attracted to these sites by the ____ climate and ____ ____ soils, looking to make ____ and ____ styles of wine

A

The western side of the Lisboa region runs alongside the Atlantic coast bringing wet weather and strong winds which makes grape growing a challenge.

However, producers are attracted to these sites by the cooler climate and clay limestone soils, looking to make lighter and fresher styles of wine

131
Q

What type of soils would you expect to find in the western part of the Lisboa region?

A

Clay limestone

132
Q

The eastern side of the Lisboa region is protected from _____ influence by the ____ ___ _____ mountain range, making it well suited to producing _____, ____ styles of wine

A

The eastern side of the Lisboa region is protected from Atlantic influence by the Serra do Montejunto mountain range, making it well suited to producing ripe, full-bodied styles of wine

133
Q

What three grapes are thought to have the most potential in Lisboa?

A

Touriga Nacional
Aragonez
Arinto

134
Q

Which international grapes are commonly grown in Lisboa?

A 
Syrah
Cab Sauvignon
Pinot Noir
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling
135
Q

Where is Alenquer DOC?

What style of wines are produced and what are the main grape varieties?

A

On the eastern side of Lisboa’s coastal mountains - warm, dry climate

Full bodied reds (good to v.good, mid priced)
Touriga Nacional and Aragonez dominate

136
Q

Where is Bucelas DOC?

What style of wines are produced and what are the main grape varieties?

A

On the eastern side of Lisboa’s coastal mountains - warm, dry climate

High acid white wines (good to v.good, inexpensive to mid priced)
Must be min. 75% Arinto

137
Q

Where is Colares DOC?

Describe the climate and topography

What style of wine are made here?

A

A coastal DOC in Lisboa

Cool, foggy, coastal climate
Ungrafted bush-vines in deep, sandy, phylloxera free soils

Fresh, high acidity red and white wines from local grapes

138
Q

In general, is the Lisboa region known for quality or quantity production?

How are wines from this area labelled ordinarily and why?

A

Quantity

The majority of wine from the region is labelled as Lisboa VR for flexibility and recognisability, even though 8 DOCs are available

A significant amount has no geographical indication: history of producing inexpensive wine to sell to Portuguese colonies

139
Q

A substantial proportion of DOC wine in Lisboa is made by one producer. Who is this?

A

Casa Santos Lima

Make inexpensive and mid-priced brands and private labels for retailers, mostly on the export market

140
Q

Where is Penísula de Sétubal?

What is the area under vine?

Describe the general climate

A

Between the estuaries of the Tejo and Sado rivers, south of Lisbon

9,500ha under vine

Mediterranean - hot, dry summers, mild, damp winters

141
Q

Describe the topography and soils of the Penísula de Sétubal region

A

Mostly flat and sandy
More clay and schist inland

Mountains in the south - cooler sites, clay limestone soils

142
Q

What type of wine is made in Setubal DOC?

A

Sweet, fortified wines from Moscatel

143
Q

What is the main grape, and the minimum proportion used, in Palmela DOC?

A

Min. 67% Castelão

144
Q

Give a tasting note for a Palmela DOC red wine

What is the name of the larger region in which this DOC is situated?

A

Deep colour
Red berry fruit - oak often adds spice
Full bodied

Penísula de Sétubal

145
Q

Name the three main white grapes grown in Palmela DOC

A

Fernão Pires
Moscatel
Arinto

146
Q

What is the name of the VR encompassing Palmela DOC and Setubal DOC?

A

Penísula de Sétubal VR

147
Q

What happened in Tejo following the accession of Portugal to the EU

A

A substantial number of vineyards planted on fertile soils were grubbed up
New, higher quality grapes were planted on less fertile soils to the north and south of the region

148
Q

Name the two DOCs in Penísula de Sétubal

A

Sétubal DOC

Palmela DOC

149
Q

Describe the general climate in Tejo and the annual rainfall

A

Mediterranean: hot, dry summers, mild wet winters

750mm rain per annum

150
Q

How do Tejo’s climate and soils vary from north to south?

A

NORTH

  • Slightly higher rainfall
  • Clay, limestone and Schist
  • Mostly reds

AROUND THE TEJO

  • Fertile alluvial soils - manage vigour
  • Mainly whites

SOUTH

  • Dry and hot
  • Sandy soils poor in nutrients
  • Red and white
151
Q

Name the 4 common indigenous black grapes found in Tejo

Name the 2 common international black grapes

A

Trincadeira
Castelão
Aragonez
Touriga Nacional

Syrah
Cab Sauvignon

152
Q

Name the 3 common indigenous white grapes found in Tejo

Name the 2 common international white grapes

A

Fernão Pires
Arinto
Alvarinho

Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay

153
Q

What style price and quality would you expect from Tejo wines?

A

Red and white wines
Mostly fruity wines for early consumption
Acceptable to good quality
Inexpensive to mid priced

There is an increasing number of producers now focussing on high quality premium wines

Wine Diploma (62 decks)

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