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Wine Diploma > Oregon > Flashcards

Oregon Flashcards

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1
Q

Who first planted Pinot Noir in Oregon in 1966?

A

David Lett (Eyrie Vineyards)

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2
Q

Name two prominent Pinot Noir producers based in Willamette Valley

A

Domaine Drouhin

Eyrie Vineyards

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3
Q

What type of wine businesses tend to dominate in Oregon?

A

Mostly small family businesses, numbers of which continue to rise

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4
Q

At what latitude do you find most vineyards in Oregon state?

A

42 to 46 degrees north

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5
Q

What lowers disease pressure in most Oregon vineyards?

A

Winds and dry summers

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6
Q

What percentage of vineyards in Oregon are certified sustainable?

A

47%

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7
Q

Name four sustainability programmes that are run in Oregon

A

Oregon Tilth (organic)
Salmon Safe
LIVE certified sustainable (Low impact viticulture and enology)
Deep Roots Coalition

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8
Q

Name the three most planted grape varieties in Oregon

A 
Pinot Noir (57% of plantings)
Pinot Gris
Chardonnay
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9
Q

What are the three most used clones of Pinot Noir in Oregon?

A

Wadenswil
Pommard
Dijon

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10
Q

Why might producers use different clones in different sites across Orgeon?

A

There is better ability to match different clones to different sites and styles

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11
Q

Which Chardonnay clones tend to do better in warmer years in Oregon?

A

Clone 108

Wente

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12
Q

The introduction of earlier ripening ____ Chardonnay clones has increased clonal diversity and ability to match site and style.

A

Dijon

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13
Q

Is use of whole bunches in fermentations for Pinot Noir in Oregon increasing or decreasing?

Is use of new oak for maturation and fermentation increasing or decreasing?

A

Increasing

Decreasing

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14
Q

Give a typical tasting note for an Oregon Pinot Noir

A 
Ripe fruit, red cherry, raspberry, black cherry, plum
Medium (+) acidity
Medium to medium (+) tannin
High alcohol
Good to outstanding
Premium
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15
Q

What winemaking techniques might Oregon producers use to make a fruity style of Pinot Gris?

A

Whole bunch press

Cool fermentation

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16
Q

What winemaking techniques might Oregon producers use to add complexity and texture to Pinot Gris wines?

A

Skin contact
Old barrels (oxygen ingression)
Lees contact

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17
Q

What styles of Pinot Gris are produced in Oregon?

A

Dry and off dry (although dry is currently more popular)

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18
Q

Give a typical tasting note for an Oregon Pinot Gris

A

Pear, peach, melon, nutty, honeyed
Medium to medium (+) acidity
Medium to full body

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19
Q

What wine making techniques are typically employed to produce premium Oregon Chardonnays?

A

Whole bunch press
Fermentation and maturation in oak (mostly older)
Full malo
Lees contact, no stirring (low levels of reductive sulfur give struck match aromas)

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20
Q

Give a typical tasting note for an Oregon Chardonnay

A 
Lemon, peach, cream
Medium (+) acidity
Medium (+) body
Good to very good
Mid priced to premium
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21
Q

What is the name of the largest AVA in Oregon containing 68% of the region’s vineyards?

A

Willamette Valley AVA

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22
Q

How many sub AVAs in Willamette Valley AVA?

A

7

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23
Q

How many hectares under vine in Willamette Valley AVA?

A

9,900ha

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24
Q

What borders Willamette Valley AVA to the west?

What effect does this have?

A

Coast Range Mountains

Provides shelter, although various parts of the valley are still affected by ocean winds

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25
Q

Willamette Valley AVA is one of the ____ and _____ areas in Oregon.

A

Wettest and coolest

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26
Q

Willamette Valley AVA is close to some Oregon’s largest cities - why is this a benefit?

A

Tourism

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27
Q

Air rises from the warm interior of Oregon and draws in cool coastal air, promoting breezes.

The effect of this is strong early in the day in the AVAs of ___ ____ _____, ____ ____ ___ and ________

A

Van Duzer Corridor
Eola Amity Hills
McMinnville

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28
Q

How does lack of humidity in the growing season in Willamette Valley AVA affect the temperatures here?

Is irrigation common?

A

Temperatures rise and fall quickly

Although rainfall is low in Willamette Valley AVA during the summer, irrigation is uncommon because priducers are small and the cost of installation is high

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29
Q

When does rain tend to fall in Willamette Valley AVA?

A

In autumn and winter - summer drought can be an issue

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30
Q

Describe the weather during the growing season in Willamette Valley AVA

A

Warm
Long sunshine hours
Can be quite dry

31
Q

What types of soils are found on the valley floors in Willamette Valley AVA?

What grapes are grown here?

A

Fertile loam soils

Mostly Pinot Gris
Some Pinot Noir, but vigour must be managed with tall training systems e.g. Scott Henry

32
Q

What types of soils are found at higher altitudes in Willamette Valley AVA?

What grapes are grown here?

What training systems are typically used?

A

Mix of marine and sedimentary soils

Pinot Noir dominates

Smaller cordon trained or replacement can pruned vines with VSP trellising

33
Q

Describe the soils found in Dundee Hills AVA

How do these affect the vines grown here?

A

Jory loam soils
Iron-rich clay formed from volcanic basalt

Good at retaining water - means vines won’t shut down during dry summers

34
Q

Is Dundee Hills AVA warmer or colder than other AVAs in Willamette Valley?

Why?

A

Warmer

Sheltered by the Coast Range to the west
Chehalem Mountains to the north shelter from cold and wet conditions

35
Q

At what elevations would you find Dundee Hills AVA vineyards?

A

60 to 325m

Higher elevation fruit retains more acidity

36
Q

At what elevations would you find Chehalem Mountains AVA vineyards?

A

60 to 305m

37
Q

Describe the soils, aspects and altitudes found in Chehalem Mountains AVA

A

There is diverse range, leading to diversity in style

38
Q

Which is the smallest Willamette Valley sub AVA?

A

Ribbon Ridge

39
Q

Ribbon Ridge AVA rises to around ____m from the ____ Valley floor in the west of the ______ mountains, forming an island-like ridge

A

200m

Chehalem Valley floor

Chehalem mountains

40
Q

Describe the growing conditions in Ribbon Ridge AVA - what factors contribute to this?

A

Consistently warm and dry growing area

Surrounding ridges provide shelter

41
Q

Describe the soils in Ribbon Ridge AVA.

How does this affect vines growing here?

A

Deep, but nutrient poor sedimentary soils

Vigour is controlled but soils have much needed moderate water holding capacity

Concentrated ripe grapes

42
Q

Describe the topography and soils of Eola Amity Hills AVA

A

A ridge of north to south hills

Shallow, rocky, volcanic basalt over sedimentary soils

43
Q

What helps to slow ripening of grapes in Eola Amity Hills AVA?

How does topography affect this?

A

Cool ocean winds

A range of aspects and altitudes means some sites are more windy and cool or sheltered and warm than others

44
Q

Yamhill Carlton District AVA is in the ______ of Willamette Valley AVA in the foothills of the ____ range, creating a ____ _____.

A

North west of Willamette Valley

Coast Range

Rain shadow

45
Q

Describe the topography, aspect and soils of Yamhill Carlton District.

How does this affect the vines grown here?

A

South facing bowl of horseshoe shaped eroding hills (up to 300m)

Warm, free draining sedimentary soils

Vines produce riper, fuller bodied fruit with lower acidity

46
Q

What cooling influences are there in Van Duzer Corridor AVA?

How does this affect growing conditions here?

A

Break in the coast range funnels in cool afternoon breezes

Slows ripening
Lowers disease pressure
Earlier in the season can affect flowering and fruit set
Can cause stomata to shut and slow ripening

47
Q

Describe the soils found in Van Duzer Corridor AVA

A

Marine sediment loam and silt.

Shallow and well draining

48
Q

McMinnville AVA is situated between ____ ___ AVA to the north and ____ ____ ____ AVA to the south, and is influenced by both.

What influences do they bring

A

Yamhill Carlton AVA to the north

Van Duzer Corridor AVA to the south

Yamhill Carlton AVA: rain shadow
Van Duzer Corridor AVA: winds

49
Q

How many hectares under vine in South Oregon AVA?

A

3,265ha

50
Q

How does the temperature in South Oregon AVA compare with Willamette Valley AVA? Why?

A

Warmer - more southerly latitude

51
Q

What are the four most planted varieties in South Oregon AVA?

A

Pinot Noir
Pinot Gris
Syrah
Tempranillo

52
Q

What cooling influences are there in South Oregon AVA?

A

Mountains (descending air and altitude)

River valleys channel in cool breezes in the evening and afternoon

53
Q

Is irrigation practiced in South Oregon AVA? Why?

A

Yes - many producers were formerly ranchers with permission to use river water

54
Q

Describe the soils typically found in South Oregon AVA.

A

Marine sedimentary soils and volcanic soils with high clay content - good water holding capacity

Some areas have more free draining alluvial soils

55
Q

When does most rain fall in South Oregon AVA?

A

Winter - the growing season is dry, meaning irrigation is often essential

56
Q

Umpqua Valley AVA sits at the junction of which mountain ranges?

A

Coast Range
Cascade Range
Kalmath Mountains

57
Q

Describe the climatic conditions in the north of Umpqua Valley AVA.

What grapes are grown here?

A

Cooler than in the south (but still warmer than Willamette Valley)
Cool breezes ofd the Umpqua River gorge

Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Gewurztraminer, Riesling

58
Q

Describe the climatic conditions in the centre and south of Umpqua Valley AVA.

What grapes are grown here?

A

Warmer than in the north

Syrah, Merlot and Tempranillo

59
Q

What is the warmest and driest growing area in Oregon?

A

Rogue Valley AVA

60
Q

How might Rogue Valley AVA receive some cooling influence?

A

Altitude: from Kalmath Mountains and Cascade range

Cool afternoon breezes drawn in off the Pacific and up the Rogue River Valley

61
Q

What grapes are grown in Rogue Valley AVA?

A

Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Tempranillo and Pinot Noir

62
Q

Which two AVAs extend from Oregon into Washington state?

A

Walla Walla Valley AVA

Columbia Gorge AVA

63
Q

Is Walla Walla AVA near to or far from the coast?

How does this affect growing conditions here??

A

Far

Climate is arid and continental, with dry hot summers

64
Q

What grapes are grown in Walla Walla Valley?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah

65
Q

How does climate vary from east to west in Columbia Gorge AVA?

A

The east is warmer and drier (inland)

Winds off the gorge cool the area in the west more.
The west is also wetter

66
Q

In Oregon labelling laws, ___% of grapes and ____% of wine must be from the stated appellation.

Wines from multistate appellations may follow either state’s labelling laws, but ___% of wine must be from the 2 states

A

100% of grapes and 95% of wine

100% of wine must be from the 2 states

67
Q

In Oregon labelling laws, the stated variety must be ___% of the final wine. The remainder need not be listed

A

90%

68
Q

In Oregon labelling laws, estate bottled wines must be made ___% from grapes grown in the winery’s AVA and fully finished at the estate

A

100%

69
Q

How many wineries are there in Oregon?

A

Around 800

70
Q

What percentage of Oregon wine is made from estate-grown fruit?

A

52%

71
Q

What percentage of production is sold direct to consumer?

What are the main routes to market for this?

A

25%

Tasting rooms, wine clubs and website sales

72
Q

___% of Oregon wine is sold in state, via ___ and ___

___% is sold elsewhere in the USA

A

16% of Oregon wine is sold in state, via RETAIL and HOSPITALITY

60% is sold elsewhere in the USA

73
Q

What percentage of Oregon wine is exported?

Where are the biggest markets?

A

2.5%

Canada, UK and Japan

Wine Diploma (62 decks)

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