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Wine Diploma > Provence > Flashcards

Provence Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the climate in Provence

A

Warm Mediterranean climate with adequate rainfall for grape growing.

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2
Q

What is the name of the wind in Provence?

Describe the influence this has on the growing environment.

A

Cold Mistral; cooling influence, helps reduce fungal disease

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3
Q

What are the two most planted grapes in Provence?

A

Cinsault and Grenache

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4
Q

What is changing about how vines are trained in Provence?

A

Traditional bush vines are being replaced with trellised vines to help aid mechanisation

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5
Q

When might grapes for rosé be harvested in comparison to grapes destined for red wine? Why?

A

Grapes grown for rosé are picked earlier than those destined for red wines to retain acidity and fresher fruit flavours

If a wine is to be made by short maceration, it is important that the tannins are sufficiently ripe to avoid any bitterness

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6
Q

In Provence, where might the best locations for growing vines be and why?

A

Best sites for consistent yields are those with shelter from the Mistral

Altitudes of up to 400m in inland sites also provide a moderating influence on warm summer temperatures

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7
Q

What grapes are used for producing small volumes of white wine in Provence

A

Rolle (Vermentino) and Clairette

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8
Q

Which 5 grapes are the focus of Provence’s red wine production?

A 
Grenache
Syrah
Mourvedre
Carignan
Cinsault
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9
Q

What percentage of Provence AOC production is rosé?

A

90%

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10
Q

Why are most Provence rosés pale in colour?

A
  • Made by direct pressing

- Regional varietieshave relatively low levels of colour: Grenache, Cinsault and Tibouren

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11
Q

What percentage of white varieties is permitted in Provence AOC rosé wines?

A

20%

Usually does not exceed 10% if used

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12
Q

What is an Inertys system?

Who invented it?

A

A specialised press which uses nitrogen to avoid oxidation of grapes during pressing.

Bucher Vaslin

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13
Q

What two methods are used for producing Provence Rosés?

A
  • Direct pressing

- Short maceration on skins

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14
Q

Why is fruit for Provence Rosé handled protectively?

How might this be acheived?

A

To retain primary fruit aromas and retain the pale colour.

  • Excluding oxygen
  • Keeping fruit refridgerated
  • Using an Inertys system for pressing grapes
  • Fermenting in stainless steel
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15
Q

What temperatures are Provence Rosé’s typically fermented ar and why?

A

14 to 18 degrees

Higher end of cool and lower end of moderate: preserve delicate aromas but avoid any banana flavours associated with cold temperatures

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16
Q

Are sweet Rosé wines permitted in Provence?

A

No - AOC states all rosés must be dry.

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17
Q

Is use of MLF common in Provence Rosés?

A

No - it is typically blocked to preserve freshness

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18
Q

Why have vineyard plantings near the coast in Provence reduced?

A

Competition for land from housing and tourism.

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19
Q

How much Provence wine is consumed domestically?

What are the main routes to market?

A

65%

Half is sold through supermarkets and a large amount is sold at cellar door (tourists)

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20
Q

France is the world’s largest consumer of rosé: what percentage of rosé wine is consumed there?

A

36%

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21
Q

What are the two main export markets for Provence wines?

A

USA and UK

22
Q

What marketing techniques are commonly employed by Provence’s wine producers?

A

Marketing strongly links wines to the lifestyle of Provence and the Riviera, boosted by celebrity wineries like Mireval.

23
Q

Provence’s wine exports increased ___% in volume from 2000 to now and ____% in value.

A

500% in volume

1000% in value.

24
Q

What negative impacts can the Mistral wind have on the growing environment in Provence?

A

Cold winds can interrupt flowering and fruit set, lowering yields

25
Q

What is the largest subzone in Côtes de Provence AOC?

A

Côtes de Provence Sainte-Victoire AOC

26
Q

How many hectares under vine in Côtes de Provence AOC?

A

20,000ha

27
Q

What is the maximum yield for Côtes de Provence AOC rosé?

How does this differ if a subzone is mentioned?

A

55hl/ha (although yields are typically lower around 45hl/ha)

If a subzone is mentioned, yields are lower

28
Q

What grapes are used in the production of Côtes de Provence AOC?

A 
Cinsault
Grenache
Mourvedre
Syrah
Tibouren

Wines must be a blend

29
Q

Give a typical tasting note for Côtes de Provence AOC rosé

A 
Pale pink-orange colour
Light to medium intensity
Raspberry, plum, herbs
Medium acidity
Medium body
Medium alcohol
30
Q

What quality and price would you expect for for Côtes de Provence AOC rosé?

A

Good to very good

Mid to premium price

31
Q

The climate in Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC is generally _____ than Côtes de Provence AOC

A

Cooler than Côtes de Provence AOC

32
Q

Name the two Massifs that shelter Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC from softening maritime influence

A

Massifs Sainte-Beaume and Besillon

33
Q

What is the maximum yield for Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC and Coteaux d’Aix en Provence AOC rosé?

A

60hl/ha

34
Q

Name the two main climatic influences in Les Baux-de-Provence AOC?

A
  • Warming influence from the Mediterranean sea

- Drying effect from teh Mistral

35
Q

Les Baux-de-Provence AOC is in the far ___-___ of Provence, close to the River ____

A

Far north-west of Provence close to the River Rhône

36
Q

What grapes are used in red wines from Les Baux-de-Provence AOC?

A

Grenache
Syrah
Mourvedre
Min. 60% GSM

37
Q

What grapes are used in white wines from Les Baux-de-Provence AOC?

A

Clairette
Grenache Blanc
Rolle

38
Q

Name a premium producer based in Les Baux-de-Provence AOC?

A

Domaine de Trevallon

39
Q

Where in Provence would you find Bellet AOC?

A

Far east

40
Q

What are the two main cooling influences in Bellet AOC?

A

Cooled by winds from the sea and the alps

41
Q

What type of grapes are commonly found in Bellet AOC?

A

Enriched with Italian grapes:
Braquet (Brachetto)
Folle Noir (Fuella)
Rolle (Vermentino)

42
Q

What type of wine is most common in Bellet AOC?

A

White

43
Q

What type of wine is most common in Cassis AOC?

A

White (herbal)

44
Q

Where is Palette AOC?

What is the main type of soil?

What styles of wine are produced?

A

On a north-facing limestone influenced bank of the river Arc, just east of Aix.

All colour wines from local varieties

45
Q

What aspect are most Bandol vineyards planted on? Why?

A

Vineyards are on south-facing terraces

Protection from winds

46
Q

Why has area under vine in Bandol decreased?

A

Competition for land and the difficulty of working the slopes.

47
Q

The best wines in Bandol AOC are from vines planted in what soils?

A

Stony, limestone dominated soils in the north east of the appellation

48
Q

What is the maximum yield in Bandol AOC?

A

40hl/ha

49
Q

What is the main grape in Bandol AOC reds and rosés?

A

Mourvedre - well suited to hot, dry climates

50 to 95% in red
20 to 95% in rose

50
Q

Small amounts of white wine are produced in Bandol. Which grapes are used? How are the wines best described?

A

Ugni Blanc
Clairette
Bourboulenc

Full-bodied

51
Q

What quality would you expect from Bandol AOC wines?

A

Good to v.good, some outstanding

52
Q

Name a significant Bandol producer

A

Domaine de Tempier

Wine Diploma (62 decks)

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