New York State

Question 1

The New York State area is in the ____ ____ of the USA

Answer 1

North East

Question 2

Describe the general climate in New York State

Answer 2

Generally cool but with very different climatic influences across the state

Question 3

How many wineries in the New York State?

Answer 3

Just over 400

Question 4

What is the name of the act, established in 1976, which allowed New York wineries to sell directly to consumers?

Answer 4

The Farm Winery Act

Question 5

What is the name of the largest AVA in New York

Answer 5

Finger Lakes AVA

Question 6

Describe the climate in Finger Lakes AVA

Answer 6

Continental: warm summers and cold winters

Question 7

Why do the lakes in Finger Lakes AVA not freeze in winter?

Answer 7

They are very deep

Question 8

Describe the effect of planting vineyards on slopes near lakes in Finger Lakes AVA.

Answer 8

• Slopes enable cool air to drain towards the water
• Warm air rises off the lake, drawing more cold air in from the land
• Lakes generate “lake-effect snow” which helps to insulate the vines in the winter
• Lakes provide warming influence in autumn: grapes ripen over a longer period of time
• In spring, cool air from lakes delay budburst and stop spring frost

Question 9

Vines it the Finger Lakes AVA are _____ and planted at ____ densities.

This is because soils are _____ and rainfall is ____.

Answer 9

Vines are large and planted at high densities.

Soils are fertile and rainfall is high

Question 10

What vine training system is commonly used in Finger Lakes AVA and why?

Answer 10

Scott Henry

Split canopy allows air circulation (wet climate, avoids rot) and light penetration

Question 11

What is often done to vines to protect vines in winter?

Answer 11

Hilling up to protect the graft union

Question 12

What did Dr. Konstantin Frank introduce to Finger Lakes AVA in 1951?

Answer 12

Grafted cool climate vitis vinifera

Question 13

What grapes dominate in Finger Lakes AVA?

Answer 13

Cabernet Franc and Riesling

Both are winter hardy

Question 14

What styles of Riesling are produced in Finger Lakes AVA?

What quality are they in general?

Answer 14

Full range of styles, but primarily dry and off dry

Good to very good

Question 15

What type of winemaking would you expect to be used for Riesling in Finger Lakes AVA?

Answer 15

Protective winemaking with low temperature fermentations

Question 16

What styles of Chardonnay are produced in Finger Lakes AVA?

Is oak commonly used?

Answer 16

Both still and sparkling

Oak use is common for still wines, both for fermentation and maturation

Question 17

What quality and price would you expect for Cabernet Franc from Finger Lakes AVA?

Answer 17

Good to very good

Mid priced

Question 18

Name 3 hybrid grapes with potential for quality that are grown in Finger Lakes AVA.

Answer 18

Traminette
Vignoles
Vidal

Question 19

What properties are associated with the hybrid grape Traminette?

Answer 19

Similar aromatics to Gewurztraminer, but with higher acidity and lower alcohol

Question 20

What properties are associated with the hybrid grape Vignoles?

Answer 20

Used in non dry styles
High acidity
Susceptible to noble rot

Question 21

Long Island AVA extends eastwards from _____ to _____

Answer 21

From Manhattan to the Atlantic

Question 22

What are the names of the two sub AVAs in Long Island AVA?

Answer 22

The North Fork AVA

The Hamptons AVA

Question 23

What type of climate is Long Island AVA? What influences this?

Answer 23

Maritime

It is surrounded by water (Atlantic Ocean, Peonic Bay and Long Island Sound)

Question 24

How do the waters surrounding Long Island AVA affect the temperature?

Answer 24

Water bodies slowly release accumulated summer heat into autumn and the harvest period. They keep it warmer for longer

Question 25

What is the signature variety in Long Island AVA?

Answer 25

Merlot - Bordeaux blends are also common

Question 26

Is humidity high or low in Long Island AVA? What effects does this have and what can be done to prevent these?

Answer 26

High humidity Fungal disease is an issue, but windy weather in coastal sites can alleviate this, as can spraying

Question 27

The North Fork AVA is ____ and ____ protected from the Atlantic than The Hamptons AVA.

Answer 27

Warmer and more protected

Question 28

What soils are found in The North Fork AVA? What effect does this have on vines?

Answer 28

Sandy soils Free draining and low fertility soils limit vine vigour

Question 29

What soils are found in The Hamptons AVA? What effect does this have on vines?

Answer 29

Silt loam soils Free draining and low fertility soils limit vine vigour

Question 30

What training is commonly used in The Hamptons and The North Fork AVAs and why?

Answer 30

Usually VSP training and trellising, as vigour is not too mush of an issue

Question 31

What white varieties are often used in Long Island AVA? What style are they often made in?

Answer 31

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling and Pinot Gris Chardonnay can be oaked or unoaked Other whites are made in a light, dry fresh stlye

Question 32

Vineyards in Hudson River Region AVA are planted near the river on what types of soils?

Answer 32

Shale, slate, schist and limestone glacial deposits

Question 33

Describe the climate in Hudson River Region AVA

Answer 33

Continental with cool winters and warm summers

Question 34

What weather hazards are common and how can the effects be mitigated?

Answer 34

``` Spring frost (plant near lake) Winter freeze (pick hardy vines, pile soil up round the trunks in winter) ```

Question 35

What five varietals are commonly planted in Hudson River Region AVA?

Answer 35

``` Seyval Blanc Vidal Riesling Chardonnay Cabernet Franc ```

Question 36

In New York State labelling laws, if an AVA is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from there

Answer 36

85%

Question 37

In New York State labelling laws, if an vintage is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from that year

Answer 37

95%

Question 38

In New York State labelling laws, if varietal is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from that grape

Answer 38

75%

Question 39

How and where is most wine in New York State sold?

Answer 39

In state via cellar door