New York State Flashcards
The New York State area is in the ____ ____ of the USA
North East
Describe the general climate in New York State
Generally cool but with very different climatic influences across the state
How many wineries in the New York State?
Just over 400
What is the name of the act, established in 1976, which allowed New York wineries to sell directly to consumers?
The Farm Winery Act
What is the name of the largest AVA in New York
Finger Lakes AVA
Describe the climate in Finger Lakes AVA
Continental: warm summers and cold winters
Why do the lakes in Finger Lakes AVA not freeze in winter?
They are very deep
Describe the effect of planting vineyards on slopes near lakes in Finger Lakes AVA.
- Slopes enable cool air to drain towards the water
- Warm air rises off the lake, drawing more cold air in from the land
- Lakes generate “lake-effect snow” which helps to insulate the vines in the winter
- Lakes provide warming influence in autumn: grapes ripen over a longer period of time
- In spring, cool air from lakes delay budburst and stop spring frost
Vines it the Finger Lakes AVA are _____ and planted at ____ densities.
This is because soils are _____ and rainfall is ____.
Vines are large and planted at high densities.
Soils are fertile and rainfall is high
What vine training system is commonly used in Finger Lakes AVA and why?
Scott Henry
Split canopy allows air circulation (wet climate, avoids rot) and light penetration
What is often done to vines to protect vines in winter?
Hilling up to protect the graft union
What did Dr. Konstantin Frank introduce to Finger Lakes AVA in 1951?
Grafted cool climate vitis vinifera
What grapes dominate in Finger Lakes AVA?
Cabernet Franc and Riesling
Both are winter hardy
What styles of Riesling are produced in Finger Lakes AVA?
What quality are they in general?
Full range of styles, but primarily dry and off dry
Good to very good
What type of winemaking would you expect to be used for Riesling in Finger Lakes AVA?
Protective winemaking with low temperature fermentations
What styles of Chardonnay are produced in Finger Lakes AVA?
Is oak commonly used?
Both still and sparkling
Oak use is common for still wines, both for fermentation and maturation
What quality and price would you expect for Cabernet Franc from Finger Lakes AVA?
Good to very good
Mid priced
Name 3 hybrid grapes with potential for quality that are grown in Finger Lakes AVA.
Traminette
Vignoles
Vidal
What properties are associated with the hybrid grape Traminette?
Similar aromatics to Gewurztraminer, but with higher acidity and lower alcohol
What properties are associated with the hybrid grape Vignoles?
Used in non dry styles
High acidity
Susceptible to noble rot
Long Island AVA extends eastwards from _____ to _____
From Manhattan to the Atlantic
What are the names of the two sub AVAs in Long Island AVA?
The North Fork AVA
The Hamptons AVA
What type of climate is Long Island AVA? What influences this?
Maritime
It is surrounded by water (Atlantic Ocean, Peonic Bay and Long Island Sound)
How do the waters surrounding Long Island AVA affect the temperature?
Water bodies slowly release accumulated summer heat into autumn and the harvest period. They keep it warmer for longer
What is the signature variety in Long Island AVA?
Merlot - Bordeaux blends are also common
Is humidity high or low in Long Island AVA? What effects does this have and what can be done to prevent these?
High humidity
Fungal disease is an issue, but windy weather in coastal sites can alleviate this, as can spraying
The North Fork AVA is ____ and ____ protected from the Atlantic than The Hamptons AVA.
Warmer and more protected
What soils are found in The North Fork AVA?
What effect does this have on vines?
Sandy soils
Free draining and low fertility soils limit vine vigour
What soils are found in The Hamptons AVA?
What effect does this have on vines?
Silt loam soils
Free draining and low fertility soils limit vine vigour
What training is commonly used in The Hamptons and The North Fork AVAs and why?
Usually VSP training and trellising, as vigour is not too mush of an issue
What white varieties are often used in Long Island AVA?
What style are they often made in?
Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling and Pinot Gris
Chardonnay can be oaked or unoaked
Other whites are made in a light, dry fresh stlye
Vineyards in Hudson River Region AVA are planted near the river on what types of soils?
Shale, slate, schist and limestone glacial deposits
Describe the climate in Hudson River Region AVA
Continental with cool winters and warm summers
What weather hazards are common and how can the effects be mitigated?
Spring frost (plant near lake) Winter freeze (pick hardy vines, pile soil up round the trunks in winter)
What five varietals are commonly planted in Hudson River Region AVA?
Seyval Blanc Vidal Riesling Chardonnay Cabernet Franc
In New York State labelling laws, if an AVA is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from there
85%
In New York State labelling laws, if an vintage is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from that year
95%
In New York State labelling laws, if varietal is on the label, ___% of grapes must be from that grape
75%
How and where is most wine in New York State sold?
In state via cellar door
