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Wine Diploma > Introduction to Spain > Flashcards

Introduction to Spain Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Phoenicians found the city of Cadiz in Spain?

A

1100 BCE

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2
Q

What evidence is there of early winemaking in Spain?

A

Stone lagares

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3
Q

Which invading forces helped Spain up its wine making technique?

A

The Carthaginians and then the Romans

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4
Q

Where does Spain have historical trade ties?

A

New founded colonies in the Americas

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5
Q

Historically, what are the most popular Spanish wine exports?

A

Fortified wines: Sherries from Jerez, Fondillon (fortified Monastrell from Alicante) and the raised wines of Malaga

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6
Q

Who is Manuel Quintano y Quintano and what did he do to impact Spanish wine?

A

A canon in holy orders whose family produced wine, who travelled to Bordeaux in the late 18th century and brought back expertise in winemaking/cooperage and some oak barriques

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7
Q

What Spanish rule in the 18th century stunted improvements in quality in Rioja?

A

There was no price difference between the various wines made in Rioja.

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8
Q

During the Spanish civil wars of the mid 19th century, where did Luciano de Murrieta, the Marques de Murrieta and the Marques de Riscal seek exile?

A

Bordeaux! They returned with all the viticultural skill and barriques

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9
Q

What caused the sudden popularity of Rioja at the end of the 19th century?

A

Phylloxera in France

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10
Q

When did phylloxera hit Spain?

A

early 20th century

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11
Q

What caused a drop in demand in Spanish wine exports at the beginning of the 20th century?

A

French vineyards were recovering from phylloxera and Spain had lost its overseas colonies

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12
Q

What was formed in 1907 to guarantee the authenticity of Rioja wine in export markets?

A

the Rioja Wine Exporters’ Syndicate

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13
Q

When was the Consejo Regulador formed?

A

1926

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14
Q

What factors stopped much development in Spanish wine quality during the 20th century?

A

The civil way (1936-1939) left the country under a dictatorship for nearly 40 years and decimated the economy. Second World War also.

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15
Q

What style of wine was generally made in Spain during the 20th Century?

A

Co-ops producing high volumes of inexpensive wines

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16
Q

Where did Miguel Torres study and where is his family wine business based?

A

Studied in France. Worked in Penedes, Catalunya

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17
Q

What winemaking innovations did Miguel Torres bring to Spain and when?

A

1960s- French/German varietals, trellising, temp controlled stainless steel, wine laboratory.

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18
Q

When did Spain return to a constitutional monarchy and what impact did that have?

A

mid 1970s. Greater economic freedom

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19
Q

When did Spain join the EU and what impact did that have?

A

1986- investment in wine production. (temp control, steel tanks)

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20
Q

What caused Spanish wine production to rise and move into new territories in 1996?

A

Legalisation of irrigation

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21
Q

What latitude is Spain?

A

36-43

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22
Q

What is the name of the large raised plateau in Spain?

A

the meseta

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23
Q

What large bodies of water are east and west of Spain\?

A

East- the Mediterranean Sea. West- The Atlantic Ocean

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24
Q

How many ha of vines does Spain have under production?

A

969,000 ha

25
Q

Spain is the worlds _____ largest producer of wine by volume

A

third

26
Q

Spain has the largest amount of land under wine in the world. Why?

A

lots of low density bush vines (take up more space)

27
Q

How does Spain combat the low annual rainfall?

A

Low density planting to reduce competition between vines for water

28
Q

Who controls Spanish irrigation?

A

the consejo Regulador

29
Q

although irrigation is legal in Spain, it is controlled, differently in each region. Give some examples of why you might be allowed to irrigate.

A

establishing young vines, extreme drought, sort of the growing season

30
Q

What is different about fruit production from old vines?

A

Low yields, good fruit quality.

31
Q

Where in Spain are there ungrafted vines and why?

A

Toro and Rueda- sandy soils (no phylloxera)

32
Q

What is a common pest in Spain and how is it generally managed?

A

European grapevine moth, controlled with pheromone traps

33
Q

What is the general size of vineyard holdings in Spain?

A

Very small! 66% less that 0.5 ha, 22% between 0.5-3 ha

34
Q

What is the most planted grape variety in Spain?

A

Arien

35
Q

How are ageing requirements controlled in Spain?

A

National legislation has set minimums, then each DO will could have even higher individual legislation

36
Q

Spanish national legislation specifies that oak vessels must be a max capacity of how many litres?

A

330L

37
Q

What are the Spanish 4 ageing categories?

A

Generic, Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva

38
Q

In Spain, in order to be labelled as a Crianza wine what are the ageing stipulations?

A

RED: 24 months total ageing, 6 in barrel

WHITE/ROSE: 18 months total ageing, 6 in barrel

39
Q

In Spain, in order to be labelled as a Reserva wine what are the ageing stipulations?

A

RED: 36 months total ageing, 12 in barrel

WHITE/ROSE: 24 months total ageing, 6 in barrel

40
Q

In Spain, in order to be labelled as a Gran Reserva wine what are the ageing stipulations?

A

RED: 60 months total ageing, 18 in barrel

WHITE/ROSE: 48 months total ageing, 6 in barrel

41
Q

What are the problems with the Spanish ageing catagories?

A

Assumes older wine/barrel ageing is ‘better quality’ which isn’t true of all styles. No quality stipulations, no specific oak specified. Overall little indication of style/quality/value for the consumer.

42
Q

What is the Spanish for oak?

A

Roble

43
Q

What would you expect from a Spanish Joven wine?

A

Young, unoaked or minimal oak

44
Q

Which regions in Spain would you most likely find French Oak being used?

A

Ribero del Duero, Pénedes and Priorat

45
Q

What do they call rose in Spain?

A

Rosado

46
Q

What would you generally expect from a Spanish rose?

A

Deeper in colour (although the pale Provence style is growing in popularity), fruity.

47
Q

What does DO stand for?

A

Denominación de Origen

48
Q

How many DOs are there in Spain?

A

70

49
Q

What are DOCa and DOQ and where would you find them in use?

A

Denominación de Origen Calificada & Denominación d’Origen Qualificada (CATALAN). Only found in Rioja and Priorat

50
Q

What must you do to qualify for a DOCa/DOQ?

A

the DO must have been established for 10 year. All wines must be bottled on the producers own property. Various quality regulations including an external panel tasting assessment.

51
Q

In Spanish wine terms, what is VP?

A

Vino de Pago- a category that applies to a small number of single estates with high reputations.

52
Q

Where would you find a Vino de Pago?

A

Castilla-La Mancha, Navarra, Valencia and Aragon

53
Q

As a winemaker what must you do to be classified as a Vino de Pago?

A

Only use your own grapes, vilified and matured on your estate

54
Q

In Spanish wine terms, what is VT?

A

Vino de la Tuerra (PGI wines)

55
Q

In Spain what term would you use for a wine without a GI?

A

Vino

56
Q

Name some big Spanish wine businesses

A

J. Garcia Carrionm Felix. Solis Avantis, Pernod Ricard Groupe, Miguel Torres SA, Bodegas Martin codas SA

57
Q

Overall how would you compare Spanish exports to other places?

A

Highest volume exporter, at the lowest price point

58
Q

Which 2 countries import the most Spanish wine?

A

France (24%) Germany (17%)

59
Q

What is the name of Spain’s nationwide promotional body?

A

Food and Wines from Spain (catchy……..)

Wine Diploma (62 decks)

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