Austria Flashcards
What is the climate in Austria?
How is it characterised?
Cool Continental
Short Summers and harsh winters
High diurnal range, with long autumn ripening
What is the climate consideration in Austria’s northerly regions, like Weinviertal?
Cooling northerly winds
What is the climate consideration in Austria’s growing regions in the east, like Burgenland, close to the Hungarian border?
Warming easterly winds from the Pannonian plain
What is the climate consideration for vineyards in the south of Austria, like Steiermark?
There is more influence from the Adriatic sea, meaning they are warmer
What is the climate consideration for vineyards in the west of Austria, such as vineyards on the Danube river?
Cooling breezes from the alps
In what region would you expect hail to be a threat?
Steiermark
What two types of soils are a common feature in Austria?
Thin soils over rock (granite or gneiss)
Richer soils such as loess
What type of soils is Grüner Veltliner best suited to? Why?
Heavier soils such as loess or clay
Has a greater water requirement
What type of soils is Riesling usually planted on in Austria?
Thin soils
What type of soils can be found in Leithaberg hills?
Limestone and schist
In which Austrian growing regions would you find Gravel and volcanic material?
Steiermark
Kamptal
What was the main training method used in Austria in the 1980s?
Describe this method
Why was it popular?
Lenz Moser
Vines are cordon trained high (1.2 metres) and required wider rows to avoid shading.
This was good for high volume production, as once it was established, it requires little maintenance and allows for mechanisation
What is the main training system used in Austria today?
Single/ double guyot (replacement cane) with VSP trellising
In which growing regions would you expect to find vineyards planted on hand built steep terraces?
Vineyards around the Danube, like Wachau, Kremstal and Kamptal
What is the average rainfall in Weinviertal?
450mm per year
What is the average rainfall in Steiermark?
850mm per year
Why is disease pressure low in Austria in general?
Rainfall is low
What are the maximum legal yields in Austria?
67.5hl/ha
Austria has been making wines since ___, but it was the ___ ___ in the __th to __th century who had the most impact, bringing with them wine culture from ____
Since the Bronze Age
Cistercian Monks in the 10th to 12th century
Wine culture from Burgundy
Austria saw a large expansion of land under vine during which centuries?
15th and 16th centuries
Why did Austrian land under vine decrease from the 17th century onwards?
Invasion from Turkey
High taxes on wine
Increased popularity of beer
Why did Austrian land under vine decrease at the end of the 1800s?
Phylloxera
Powdery and downy mildew
What year did the antifreeze scandal hit Austria?
Why was antifreeze added to wines?
How much did exports drop from 1985 to 1986?
1985
A small number of large volume producers added antifreeze to wines to increase volumes and the perception of sweetness
Exports dropped from 30m litres in 1985 to 5m litres in 1986
In what year was the Austrian Wine Market Board formed?
1986
What is the name of the organisation that was set up in response to the Austrian antifreeze scandal with the aim of changing the image of Austrian wine?
Austrian Wine Market Board
What percentage of plantings in Austria are Grüner Veltliner?
31%
Give the key characteristics of Grüner Veltliner vines
Thick skins
Can be vigorous
Give a typical tasting note for a Grüner Veltliner wine
Can be simple or pronounced
Green fruit, citrus, peach, white pepper
High acidity
Range of quality and price points
Where would you expect Welschriesling to be used for neutral, inexpensive, unoaked wines?
Steiermark
Give a typical tasting note for a botrytised Welschriesling wine
Pronounced aromas Tropical fruit, dried fruit High acidity Ability to age V. good to outstanding
Why is Welschriesling suitable for TBA and BA wines?
It has thin skins, making it susceptible to noble rot
In Austria, Riesling wines are typically made in what style?
Give a typical tasting note
Wines are almost always dry
Pronounced aromas Ripe stone fruit, sometimes with tropical fruit Age adds nutty, petrol notes High acidity Medium (+) to full bodied Medium alcohol Good ageing potential V.good to outstanding Premium
Give a typical tasting note for a Sankt Laurent wine
Deep ruby
Red cherry fruit
Medium tannins
What is the most planted black grape in Austria?
Zweigelt
Zweigelt is a crossing of which two grapes?
Sankt Laurent and Blaufrankisch
Give the key characteristics of the Zweigelt vine
Crossing of Sankt Laurent and Blaufrankisch Early ripening High yielding Vigorous Resistant to rot Resistant to frost
Describe the range of styles of wine you might expect from Zweigelt
Easy drinking, unoaked wines (acceptable to good)
Full-bodied oaked styles with ageing potential (v.good)
Give a typical tasting note for a Zweigelt wine
Red fruit, cherry flavours
Medium (+) acidity
Medium tannin
Give a typical tasting note for a Blaufrankisch wine
Deep colour
Black fruit flavours
High acidity
Medium (+) to high tannin
Give the key characteristics of the Blaufrankisch vine
Early budding (spring frost) Late ripening High yielding Thick skins Rot resistant
What regions produce premium Blaufrankisch?
Mittel Burgenland
Leithaberg
Explain the typical wine making options for Austrian red wines:
Typically fermented in _____ with either ____or _____.
Wines are sometimes matured in _____ to help _____ without _______.
Some premium wines are aged in ______ with some ______.
Typically fermented in large open top vessels with either punch downs or pump overs
Wines are sometimes matured in <b>large old oak vessels to help soften tannin without extracting new oak flavour.</b>
Some premium wines are aged in barriques with some new oak</b>
Why might some Austrian producers favour acacia vats over oak for maturation?
It gives a small amount of oxygenation without the vanilla character of oak
Explain the typical wine making options for Austrian white wines:
Many producers will use a short period of skin contact to ________
Fermentation takes place in _____ and temperature control is commonly used to _______________
Many producers will leave wines on _______ for ______.
Many producers will use a short period of skin contact to maximise aroma and flavour.
Fermentation takes place in neutral vessels and temperature control is commonly used to avoid losing delicate volatile aromas.
Many producers will leave wines on fine lees for 6 months or longer.
Why do Gruner Veltliner and Riesling wines not go through malolactic conversion?
It is hard to achieve because these wines typically have a low pH
MLF would mask varietal character and lower their characteristic high acidity
Within Austria wine law, what is a ‘DAC’ and what does it stand for?
Districtus Austriae Controlatus
This is an indication of origin within the Qualitätswein system
What is the Austrian term for wines with no geographical indication?
Tafelwein
What is the Austrian term for PGI wine?
Landwein
What is the Austrian term for PDO wine?
Qualitätswein
In Austrian wine labelling, what does the term Klassik mean?
Wines with a declared vintage
Wines show varietal character
In Austrian wine labelling, what does the term Reserve mean?
Dry wines
Minimum 13% ABV
Typically harvested and released later than standard wines