Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Wine Diploma > New Zealand: South Island > Flashcards

New Zealand: South Island Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
WSET ® Level 1 Spirits flashcards Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards WSET ® Level 3 Spirits flashcards WSET ® Level 2 Wine flashcards WSET ® Level 1 Wine flashcards WSET ® Level 3 Wine flashcards Wine Appreciation flashcards WSET ® Level 2 Spirits flashcards WSET® Level 4 Wine flashcards
1
Q

When were the first vines planted in Marlborough?

A

1873

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The modern era of Marlborough’s wine industry began in ____ when the director of ____ wines ( now known as ____ estate) bought over 1,000ha to convert to vineyard land

A

1973

Montana wines (now Brancott Estate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why did Marlborough’s wine industry grow dramatically from the 1980s?

A

Favourable climate
Cheaper land
Critical acclaim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the climate in Marlborough, including rainfall and sunshine hours.

A

Cool climate with moderately warm summers and mild winters.

Sunshine hours are long, rainfall is around 650mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What factor influences rainfall in Marlborough?

Is irrigation common and why?

A

Surrounding mountain ranges mean the region is protected from much rainy weather (650mm)

Irrigation is common as soils are mostly free draining and alluvial. Aquifers are used.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What climatic influences mean that Sauvignon Blanc from Marlborough is intense in aroma and flavour?

A
  • High levels of sunshine
  • Relatively dry (decreased risk of rot)
  • Longer hang time
  • Longer growing season to develop flavours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is machine harvesting commonplace in Marlborough?

A

Flat terrain

Short contact between skin and juice promotes precursors of green pepper and passion fruit aromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is Wairau?

Describe the climatic conditions here

A

Runs from west Marlborough along the Wairau River to the mount of Cloudy Bay in the east.

Conditions vary along the valley, but the west/ inland area has less moderating influence from the ocean, higher diurnal range, warmer days, cooler nights and higher frost risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the soils found in Wairau Valley

A

Former riverbed; combination of gravel, silt, sand loam and clay in varying amounts.

Soils are more fertile and the water table is higher nearer the coast: higher yields than inland

Free draining soils require more irrigation but also provide warmth needed to extend the growing season.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which four grapes are commonly planted in Wairau?

A

Mostly Sauvignon Blanc

Also Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Gris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the soils in Southern Valleys, Marlborough.

How does this affect which vines are grown here?

A

Soils have more clay here than the rest of Marlborough; cooling influence means grapes are picked later than elsewhere.

Pinot Noir commonly grown as needs a long season to develop pronounced aromas without developing high sugar levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is Ataware found?

A

South of Wairau in Marlborough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the three sub zones in Marlborough

A

Wairau
Southern Valleys
Ataware

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are vineyards typically planted within the Southern Valleys?

A

South of the main plain of Wairu on hillsides of the valleys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are conditions in Ataware cooler and windier than other parts of Marlborough?

How does this affect the Pinot Noir and Sauvignon Blanc grown here?

A

Closer location to the coast and higher elevation.

Sauv B: more herbaceous and less tropical with v. high acidity.

Pinot Noir: Smaller berries, thicker skins, deeper coloured wines than Wairau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What quality / price is typical of Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc?

What percentage of plantings here is dedicated to Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Good to very good, inexpensive to mid priced with some premium.

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why would producers from Marlborough blend Sauvignon Blanc fruit from across the region?

A

Obtain the desired range of aromas

Acquire necessary volumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pinot Noir accounts for what percentage of plantings in Marlborough.

Describe the different styles made in the different subregions here

A

10%

WAIRAU: Light body, easy drinking, mid price

SOUTHERN VALLEYS: clay and loess slopes slow ripening giving more intense fruit. Oak. V.good to outstanding, premium

ATAWARE: Windier, cooler. Thicker skins, deeper colour, floral/ herbal. Oak. Good to outstanding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What styles of Chardonnay are produced in Marlborough?

A
  • Unoaked and simple: good to v.good, mid price

- Complex, oaked, MLF, lees, struck match: outstanding premium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What styles of Pinot Gris are produced in Marlborough?

A
  • Good quality mid priced: simpler, less intense, fruit foward semi aromatic
  • Richer more intense, lees or oak, more complex. V.good to outstanding, premium

Both are dry through off dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is Nelson located?

Describe the climate and any climatic influences on the region.

A

North west of the South Island

Cool maritime climate with high sunshine hours

Cooling sea breezes throughout the day

Proximity to sea: remains warm at night

22
Q

What is the average rainfall in Nelson?

A

970mm

23
Q

Is Nelson more set up for large or small scale production?

A

Small scale

24
Q

Where is Moutere Hills?

A

North west of the town of Nelson, in Nelson

25
Q

Name the two smaller areas within Nelson

How do wines from these two compare?

A

Moutere Hills - wines from here are fuller bodied and higher quality

Waimea Plains - lighter, fresher wines

26
Q

Describe the topography and soils in Moutere Hills, Nelson.

A

TOPGRAPHY:
Undulating, but low altitude (up to 150m)

SOILS:
Clay based gravel with sandy loam top; retain water for dry farming

27
Q

Describe the soils found in Waimea Plains

A

Alluvial soils with silt and clay loams: moderately fertile

V. free draining and require irrigation

28
Q

How does Sauvignon Blanc from Nelson compare with that of Marlborough?

A

Nelson is more restrained than Marlborough

Some producers may add complexity with lees ageing or oak

29
Q

Describe how Pinot Noir from Waimea Plains and Moutere Hills in Nelson might differ.

A

WAIMEA:
Lighter bodier, little or no oak, good to v. good.

MOUTERE HILLS:
Full bodied, firm tannins, expressive fruit. Premium, outstanding

30
Q

Name the six most planted grape varieties in Nelson.

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir - REMEMBER THESE TWO!

Chardonnay
Pinot Gris
Riesling
Gewurztraminer

31
Q

Describe the climate in North Canterbury.

Include any warming or cooling influences

A

Cool maritime climate with long sunshine hours and warm summer days with cool nights

Warming influence from the dry, north easterly winds

32
Q

What effects do winds have on North Canterbury? (5)

A
  • Warming influence
  • Increase evapotranspiration (low rainfall - irrigate)
  • Lowers disease pressure
  • Strong winds can damage the green parts of the vine
  • Increases potential hang time
33
Q

What is the rainfall in North Canterbury?

What is the main factor affecting this?

A

Low - 650mm

The Southern Alps act as a rain shadow, protecting the region from the worst of the rains

34
Q

What factors make irrigation necessary in North Canterbury?

A
  • Low rainfall

- High winds: high rate of evapotranspiration

35
Q

_____ _____ is slightly warmer than the rest of the North Canterbury Region: the ____ _____ protect it from _____ _____ _____.

A

Waipara Valley is slightly warmer

The Teviotdale Hills protect it from cold easterly winds

36
Q

Describe the soils and resulting wines from the following areas in Waipara:

FLAT VALLEY FLOOR

SOUTH / SOUTH WEST FACING SLOPES

A

FLAT VALLEY FLOOR

Gravelly sandy loams
Light, less intense wines

SOUTH / SOUTH WEST FACING SLOPES
Clay loams and limestone
Fruitier, more intense wines

37
Q

Describe the topography and soils in Waikari, North Canterbury.

A

Inland hills

Clay limestone soils

38
Q

Waikari and Waipara have received critical acclaim for which grape?

Give a typical tasting note.

A

Pinot Noir - v. good to outstanding

Pronounced intensity
Ripely fruited
High acidity
Range from light to full bodied

39
Q

In which sub region of North Canerbury would you find very good to outstanding premium Riesling?

What styles are produced?

A

Waipara Valley

Dry to sweet (late harvest)

40
Q

Central Otago is one of the most southerly latitude wine regions in the world - what latitude is it at?

A

46 degrees south

41
Q

Describe the climate in Central Otago.

A

Semi continental

Warm, dry summers, long daylight hours and high UV levels

42
Q

What is the rainfall in Central Otago?

What factor influences this?

What affect does this have on the region’s farming practices?

A

Low - 360mm per annum

The region is protected by mountains from rain-bearing winds

The region is very dry; irrigation is needed, but disease pressure is low and there is a higher proportion of organic and biodynamic farming

43
Q

What factors give rise to high diurnal range in Central Otago?

A
  • Vineyards are over 300m
  • Semi continental climate: hot days and cold nights
  • Shelter from maritime influence
44
Q

What climatic threats are there in the region?

What can be done to mitigate these threats?

A

SPRING FROST
- Use helicopters to mix colder and warmer air

SUN BURN
- Use canopy management to shade grapes on the west side

45
Q

Describe the soils in Central Otago - what viticultural practices are used to improve these?

A

Soils are schist derived and range from gravel to clay

They are low in organic matter and therefore cover crops can improve structure and nutrient levels.

46
Q

Name the six subregions of Central Otago

A 
Alexandra
Gibbston
Bannockburn
Cromwell
Bendigo
Wanaka
47
Q

Which is the most southerly subregion of Central Otago?

Describe the climatic conditions here.

A

Alexandra

  • Hot summers
  • Cool nights moderate heat
  • Marked diurnal range
48
Q

Which is the highest and coolest subregion of Central Otago?

Describe the growing conditions.

A

Gibbston (320 to 420m)

  • North facing slopes
  • Grapes ripen later: fresh flavours and high acidity
  • Site selection can enhance fruit ripening and reduce autumn frost risk
49
Q

Describe growing conditions in Bannockburn

A
  • Lower altitude plantings
  • Intensively planted
  • Warm and dry
  • Range of soils
  • Ripe concentrated wines
50
Q

Which is the warmest Central Otago sub region?

Describe the growing conditions that contribute to this.

A

Bendigo

  • Plantings on gentle north facing slopes
  • Semi arid, poor, free draining soils
51
Q

Name the smallest, most northerly Central Otago subregion

What is the altitude here?

What is a moderating factor on the temperature?

A

Wanaka

290m - cooler than Bannockburn, Cromwell and Bendigo

Lake Wanaka moderates temperature extremes

Wine Diploma (62 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions