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Physiology > Somatic Autonomic Motor > Flashcards

Somatic Autonomic Motor Flashcards

1
Q

Major anatomical components of NS:

A
  • CNS

- PNS

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2
Q

CNS is made of:

A
  • spinal cord

- brain

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3
Q

PNS is made of:

A
  • all nerves that enter and exit from CNS
  • 12 pairs of cranial nerves
  • 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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4
Q

3 major physiological divisions of NS:

A
  • sensory
  • integrative
  • motor
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5
Q

Sensory division:

A

handles input portions of PNS and CNS

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6
Q

Sensory division detects:

A

environmental changes (internal and external)

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7
Q

Components that make up sensory division:

A
  • sensory organs
  • thalamus
  • sensory cortices
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8
Q

Integrative division:

A
  • CNS

- processes and stores sensory info

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9
Q

Motor division:

A

handles output from CNS and PNS

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10
Q

Motor division generates…

A

movements and glandular secretions

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11
Q

Components that make up the motor division:

A
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • motor cortex
  • basal ganglia
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12
Q

PNS is made up of…

A

bundles of nerve fibers (ganglia)

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13
Q

Paired spinal nerves in PNS attach to ____ by ____

A

spinal cord by roots

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14
Q

Types of roots:

A
  • dorsal

- ventral

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15
Q

Dorsal root is where…

A

sensory axons enter CNS

- also has dorsal root ganglion

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16
Q

Dorsal root ganglion:

A

enlargement containing primary sensory nerve cell bodies

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17
Q

Ventral root is where…

A

motor axons exit CNS

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18
Q

PNS have _____ nerve fibers that are…

A

myelinated, insulated by Schwann cells

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19
Q

PNS is divided into two portions:

A
  • somatic

- autonomic

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20
Q

Somatic motor division:

A
  • somatic sensory nerves from somatosensory organs

- somatic motor nerves that go to skeletal muscles

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21
Q

Somatosensory organs have…

A

sensory receptors in body surfaces (skin, skeletal muscle, joints)

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22
Q

Somatic motor unit is made up of…

A

alpha motor neuron and all myofibers (skeletal muscle cells) it innervates

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23
Q

Somatic motor unit is under _______ control

A

voluntary (conscious)

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24
Q

Somatic motor units:

A
  • cholinergic transmission: release ACh at axon terminals
  • nicotinic receptors coupled w/ Na+ ion channel
  • no antagonistic innervation
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25
Q

Autonomic motor division is made of…

A
  • visceral sensory nerves (from organs)
  • visceral motor nerves (to organs)
  • visceral reflexes
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26
Q

Visceral sensory nerves have diffuse…

A

distribution of receptors

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27
Q

Somatic motor nuclei are found in the…

A

ventral horn

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28
Q

Visceral sensory nerves have peripheral nerves that enter the…

A

dorsal horn

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29
Q

Autonomic efferent nuclei are found in the…

A

lateral horn

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30
Q

Visceral pain often shares…

A

input pathways w/ somatic division

  • aka referred pain
  • part of visceral sensory nerves
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31
Q

Visceral motor nerves go to organs such as…

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • glands
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32
Q

Visceral motor nerves are under…

A

involuntary (unconscious) control

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33
Q

Visceral motor nerves have a ______ motor unit

A

autonomic

  • 2 motor neurons (pre and post ganglionic neurons)
  • ganglion
  • effector tissue
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34
Q

Visceral reflexes can be mediated at the level of…

A
  • autonomic ganglion
  • spinal cord
  • brain stem
  • hypothalamus
35
Q

Two subdivisions of ANS motor neurons:

A
  • sympathetic NS (SNS)

- parasympathetic NS (ParaSNS)

36
Q

Sympathetic NS have effectors that…

A

prepare body for stress responses

37
Q

Parasympathetic NS have effectors that…

A

help maintain homeostasis of daily routines

38
Q

Neurons that leave the ANS have a connecting synapse at a…

A

ganglion before reaching the target organ

39
Q

Neuron leaving the CNS is the…

A

preganglionic neuron

40
Q

Cell body of preganglionic neuron is located in…

A

intermediolateral gray of spinal cord (aka lateral horn)

41
Q

Preganglionic neuron leaves by…

A

ventral root

42
Q

Axons in the preganglionic neuron are made of…

A

type A beta fibers

43
Q

T/F: preganglionic neurons are cholinergic

A

T, they release ACh at axon terminals

44
Q

Preganglionic neurons synapse at…

A

autonomic ganglion w/ postganglionic neuron in PNS

45
Q

Autonomic ganglion is the place where…

A

the synapse occurs between postganglionic and preganglionic neuron
- gray matter outside the CNS

46
Q

Autonomic ganglion has…

A
  • axonal ends of preganglionic neuron
  • dendrites and cell bodies of postganglionic neuron
  • some interneurons
  • support cells
47
Q

Postganglionic neuron leaves the…

A

ganglion and travels to effector organs

48
Q

Postganglionic neuron has a receptive membrane that has receptors for…

A

ACh

49
Q

Postganglionic neuron are primarily _____ receptors

A

nicotinic

- coupled to LGC Na+

50
Q

Axons of postganglionic neuron are made of…

A

type C fibers

51
Q

Neurotransmitters released at axon terminals at postganglionic neurons depend on…

A

which division was activated

52
Q

The two major divisions of ANS differ according to…

A
  • origin
  • location of ganglia
  • neurotransmitter release
  • distribution and action on effector tissue
53
Q

SNS has ____ nerves that originate in the _____

A

efferent, thoracolumbar origins (T1-L2)

54
Q

SNS is strongly activated during…

A

emergency/stress situations

- prepares for “fight or flight”

55
Q

Ganglia of the SNS is located…

A

very closely to spinal cord

56
Q

SNS has _____ preganglionic neurons and _____ postganglionic neurons

A

short, long

57
Q

The SNS has short preganglionic neurons b/c of…

A

the location of ganglia

58
Q

Postganglionic neurons in SNS are…

A

adrenergic

- releases 80% norepi and 20% epi

59
Q

Axon terminals of postganglionic in SNS are…

A

modified to series of bulbous enlargements (varicosities)

60
Q

Neurotransmitters from postganglionic neurons in the SNS are…

A

diffusely released

61
Q

Axon terminals of postganglionic in the in SNS contain _____ receptors

A

alpha 2 (autoreceptors)

62
Q

Axon terminal pumps in the postganglionic neurons of SNS are…

A

very active and reuptake 50-80% of intact neurotransmitters

63
Q

Effector tissue for SNS:

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • glands
64
Q

Effector tissue for SNS contains…

A

alpha and beta receptors

65
Q

Effector tissue for SNS act via…

A

G-protein mediated effects

66
Q

Norepi prefers…

A

alpha receptors

67
Q

Epi prefers…

A

beta receptors

68
Q

Response of effector tissues in the SNS depends on…

A
  • # and type of receptors

- coupling mechanism of effector cells

69
Q

Adrenal medulla:

A

large SNS ganglia

70
Q

Adrenal medulla provides…

A

longer duration of action by release of epi into blood

71
Q

Adrenal medulla makes ____ epi and ____ norepi

A

80%, 20%

72
Q

Actions of epi in SNS:

A
  • cardiostimulation
  • weak vasoconstriction
  • metabolic effects
73
Q

ParaSNS has efferent nerves that originate from…

A

craniosacral origins

  • cranial nerves 3, 5, 9 and 10
  • sacral segments S1-S4
74
Q

75% of the efferent nerves in the paraSNS are supplied by…

A

the vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10)

- supplies viscera of thorax and abdomen

75
Q

Ganglia for paraSNS are located in…

A

wall or organ being supplied

76
Q

ParaSNS have ____ preganglionic neurons

A

long b/c of distal location of ganglia

77
Q

ParaSNS have _____ postganglionic neurons

A

short cholinergic

- releases ACh at axon terminals

78
Q

Effector tissues of paraSNS:

A
  • smooth muscle
  • cardiac muscle
  • glands
  • same as SNS
79
Q

Effector tissues of paraSNS contains ____ receptors

A

muscarinic

80
Q

Effector tissues of paraSNS act via…

A

G-protein mediated effects

81
Q

Effector tissues of paraSNS will have _______ responses due to ______

A

short lasting, high tissue levels of acetlycholinesterase

82
Q

Effector tissues of paraSNS are in organs w/…

A

dual innervation

83
Q

Effector tissues of paraSNS generally _____ effects of SNS

A

counteracts

84
Q

Drugs that affect ANS can act at…

A
  • SNS or paraSNS ganglia
  • postganglionic neuronal endings
  • effector tissue

Physiology (33 decks)

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