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Physiology > Plasma Membrane > Flashcards

Plasma Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

ICF (5 things)

A
  • intracellular fluid: fluid inside cells
  • 40% body weight
  • 2/3 body water
  • maintains shape of cell
  • moves across membrane via osmosis
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2
Q

ECF (4 things)

A
  • extracellular fluid: fluid outside cells
  • 20% body weight
  • 1/3 body water
  • made up of: ISF, plasma volume and lymph, and transcellular fluid
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3
Q

Plasma volume and lymph (three things)

A
  • in blood and lymphatic vessels
  • 1/4 ECF
  • 5% body weight
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4
Q

How is plasma volume and lymph separated from ISF?

A

separated by capillary wall

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5
Q

Where do the exchange between plasma, lymph, and ISF occur?

A

capillary beds

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6
Q

Transcellular fluid (three things)

A
  • in specialized areas
  • very small % of body weight
  • stable volume
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7
Q

Examples of transcellular fluid

A
  • cerebral spinal fluid

- aqueous humor

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8
Q

Where is most of the body weight?

A

ICF

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9
Q

Most important cation in ICF?

A

K+

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10
Q

Important cation for cell function?

A

Ca2+

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11
Q

Most important anion in ISF?

A

Cl-

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12
Q

Important ECF buffer

A

HCO3-

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13
Q

What do proteins act like in the ICF?

A

act as major anions

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14
Q

What does the cell membrane separate?

A

ICF and ECF

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15
Q

Functions of the cell membrane

A
  • regulate exchange w/ environment
  • cell communication
  • structural support
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16
Q

How does cell membrane regulate exchange w/ environment?

A

provides permeability barrier and highly selective filter

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17
Q

How does cell membrane help w/ cellular communication?

A

receptors and signal transduction pathways for hormones and neurotransmitters

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18
Q

Cell membrane contains:

A

adhesion molecules and surface antigens

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19
Q

Adhesion molecules allow for:

A
  • anchoring
  • tissue organization
  • intracellular communication
  • cell shape
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20
Q

Types of junctions (3 types)

A
  • gap
  • tight
  • anchoring
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21
Q

Major adhesion molecules (4 of them)

A
  • cadherins
  • integrins
  • immunoglobulin superfamily CAMs
  • selectins
22
Q

Cadherins:

A
  • cell-cell junctions
  • adherens junctions
  • desmosomes
  • Ca2+ dependent
23
Q

Integrins:

A
  • mostly found in cell-matrix junctions

- help w/ cell signaling

24
Q

Example of immunoglobulin superfamily CAMs and its function

A

nerve cell adhesion molecules (NCAM): responsible for nerve cell growth during nervous system development

25
Q

Selectins:

A

temporary cell-cell adhesion

26
Q

Surface antigens function

A

important for recognition of “self” vs. “nonself”

27
Q

Model of plasma membrane structure

A

fluid mosaic model

28
Q

Plasma membrane is made of

A

lipids (50%), proteins (50%), and carb

29
Q

Phospholipids:

A
  • core structure
  • organized in bilayer
  • have polar head and nonpolar tail
30
Q

Why are phospholipids of plasma membranes amphipathic?

A

has polar (hydrophilic) phosphate head and nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails

31
Q

Orientation of phospholipids in plasma membrane?

A

polar heads on the outside and nonpolar fatty acyl tail chains are on the inside

32
Q

Nonpolar tail of plasma membrane forms what?

A

permeability barrier to H2O soluble molecules

33
Q

Cholesterol

A
  • hydrocarbon ring structure

- about 20% of total membrane lipid

34
Q

Functions of cholesterol in plasma membrane

A
  • stabilizes membrane at body temp (37 C)
  • increases membrane fluidity
  • reservoir of precursor molecules for steroid hormones
35
Q

Protein types:

A
  • integral / intrinsic

- peripheral / extrinsic

36
Q

Integral / intrinsic proteins:

A
  • 70% of membrane proteins
  • embedded in membrane
  • transmembrane protein: spans membrane completely
37
Q

Functions of integral / intrinsic proteins:

A
  • carriers
  • enzymes
  • channels
  • receptors
38
Q

Peripheral / extrinsic:

A
  • either on outside or inside of plasma membrane

- often are enzymes

39
Q

T/F: phosphatases remove phosphate group from protein.

A

T

40
Q

T/F: kinases remove phosphate group from protein.

A

F

41
Q

Carbohydrates:

A
  • 2-3% of membrane lipid
  • glycoproteins: made of carb and proteins
  • glycolipids: made of carb and phospholipids
42
Q

Functions of glycoproteins / glycolipids:

A
  • cell-cell communication
  • structural stability
  • immune response
43
Q

Example of membrane transporters

A
  • carriers

- channel proteins

44
Q

T/F: Carriers change conformation

A

T

45
Q

Channel proteins form:

A
  • open channels

- closed channels

46
Q

Types of gated channels:

A
  • mech
  • voltage
  • chem
47
Q

Structural proteins are found in:

A
  • cell junctions

- cytoskeleton

48
Q

Membrane enzymes:

A
  • activated by membrane receptors

- functions in: metabolism and signal transfer

49
Q

Functions of membrane receptors:

A
  • receptor mediated endocytosis
  • signal transfer
  • open and close chem gated channel
50
Q

Order of concentration of ions in ECF (highest to lowest)

A

Na+, Cl-, K+

51
Q

Order of concentration of ions in ICF (highest to lowest)

A

K+, Na+, Cl-

Physiology (33 decks)

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