Solid Dosage Forms Flashcards
Intimate mixtures of finely divided drugs or chemicals in dry form which may be used internally or externally
Powder
Advantages of Powders
flexibility in compounding
good stability
rapid dispersion of ingredients
relatively dry & devoid of moisture
Disadvantages of Powders
Inaccuracy of dose
Not suitable for dispersing deliquescent and hygroscopic drugs
Time consuming Preparation
Not suitable for unpleasant tasting drugs
Animal and Vegetable Drugs
Sieve
Very coarse – no. 8
Coarse – no. 20
Moderately coarse – no. 40
Fine – no. 60
Very fine – no. 80
Chemical
Sieve
Coarse – no. 20
Moderately coarse – no. 40
Fine – no. 80
Very fine – no. 120
Reduction in particle size of solid to a finer state
Comminution
Methods of Comminution
Trituration
Levigation
Pulverization by Intervention
Reducing particle size with use of Mortar and pestle
Trituration
Types of Mortar
Glass
Wedgewood
Porcelain
Glass Mortar
Smooth surface
Non-porous
Used for highly colored materials and dyes
Wedgewood Mortar
Tough surface
Porous
Used for Crystalline Solids
Porcelain Mortar
Tough surface
Porous
Used for soft aggregates and crystals
Commonly used in small scale preparation of ointments & suspensions to reduce particle size & grittiness of the added products
Formation of paste by addition of non-solvent (levigating agent)
Levigation
Levigating agents
mineral oil
glycerin
propylene glycol
Addition of volatile substances to gummy compounds
Pulverization by intervention
Camphor + Alcohol
Iodine Crystals + Ether
Pulverization by Intervention
Mixing or Blending
Spatulation
Trituration
Geometric Dulution
Sifting
Tumbling
Blend small amounts of powders on a sheet of paper/tile
use of spatula; not for potent substances
Spatulation
Spatulations is used for mixing
Small amounts of powders
Same densities of powders
Solid substances that liquefy or form eutectic mixtures
Involves direct rubbing or grinding of hard powder in a mortar and pestle
Trituration
Addition of equal volume of diluent to potent substances
Geometric Dilution
Powders are mixed by passing through sifters
Not for potent substances
Sifting
This process result in a light, fluffy product and useful for powders that resist mixing by trituration
Sifting
A process of mixing powders by shaking or rotating in a closed container
Tumbling
This method is used when two or more powders have considerable density differences
Tumbling
Classification of Powders
1. Bulk Powder
* Oral Powders
* Dentrifices
* Dusting Powders
* Douche Powders
* Insufflators
* Triturations
2. Divided
Finely divided powders or effervescent granules, dissolved in water or mixed with soft foods
Oral Powder
Exist in liquid, pwder, or paste form; used for oral hygiene
Dentirifices
Dentrifices + Fluoride compounds
protect teeth against dental caries
Intended to be dissolved in tepid water before use
Douch powders
Antiseptic or cleansing agents for a body cavity, commonly used for vagina
Douche Powder
Also known as Conspergents
Dusting powder
Locally applied non-toxic preparations intended to have no systemic action
Dusting powder
Finely divided powders, introduced to body cavities using insufflatos or powder blower
Insufflations
Dilution of potent drugs
1:10 dilutions
Triturations
Chartula/Chartulae
Divided Powders
Dispensed in individual doses usually in folded papers
Divided powders
Divided powders are prepared by
- Weighing individuallly
- Block and divided method (nonpotent)
Types of Powder paper
White Bond Paper – opaque paper with no moisture resistance
Glassine Paper – glazed transparent moisture-resistant paper
Vegetable Parchment – thin, semi-opaque, moisture-resistant paper
Waxed Paper – transparent waterproof paper; suitable for deliquescent and hygroscopic drugs
