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DDS > Non-Aqueous Solutions > Flashcards

Non-Aqueous Solutions Flashcards

1
Q

Clear, sweetened flavored hydroalcoholic liquids intended oral use.

A

Elixirs

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2
Q

Ingredients of Elixirs

A

Ethanol
Water
Glycerin
Sorbitol
Propylene glycol
Flavoring Agents
Preservatives
Syrups

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3
Q

Alcohol content of Elixirs

A

5 - 40%

Self-preserving: >10%

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4
Q

Examples of Elixirs

A

Aromatic Elixir, NF - 22% alcohol

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5
Q

Combination of Low Alcoholic Elixir (8-10%) and High alcohol elixir (73 - 78%)

A

Iso-alcohol Elixir

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6
Q

Alcoholic solution or hydroalcoholic preparations of volatile substances prepared usually by simple solution or by admixture of the ingredients

A

Spirits/Essences

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7
Q

Alcohol content of Spirits

A

> 60%

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8
Q

Use of Spirits

A

Flavoring Agents

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9
Q

Preparation of Spirits

A

Simple Solution
Maceration
CHemical Reaction
Distillation

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10
Q

Method of Preparation of Aromatic Ammonia Spirit

A

Simple Solution

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11
Q

Method of Preparation of Peppermint Spirit and Spearmint Spirit

A

Maceration

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12
Q

Method of Preparation of Ethyl nitrite Spirit

A

Chemical Reaction

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13
Q

Method of Preparation of Brandy and Whiskey

A

Distillation

Brandy - Spiritus vini vitis
Whiskey - Spiritus frumenti

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14
Q

Locally applied solutions that precipitate proteins and cause constriction of the skin

A

Astringents

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15
Q

Astringent can be used as ____ as they reduce secretions

A

Astringent

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16
Q

Examples of Astringents

A

o Aluminum Acetate Topical Solution – wet dressing in contact dermatitis
o Calcium Hydroxide Topical Solution – more soluble in cold water
o Coal Tar Topical Solution – for eczema

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17
Q

Kill bacteria when applied to skin or mucous membrane in the proper strength

A

Local Anti-Infective Solutions

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18
Q

Local anti-infectives solutions

A

Povidone Iodine Topical soln
Thimerosal Topical Soln
Hydrogen peroxide

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19
Q

Used as an antiseptic and surgical scrub

A

Povidone iodine topical soln

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20
Q

Components of Povidone iodine topical soln

A

10% Iodine + Polyvinylpyrrolidone

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21
Q

Water soluble organic mercurual antibacterial agent

A

Thimerosal Topical soln

0.1% Thimerosal

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22
Q

3% Hydrogen peroxide

A

10 volume - Wound antiseptic

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23
Q

6% Hydrogen peroxide

A

20 volume - Bleaching agent

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24
Q

Alcoholic or oleaginous solutions containing more than one API and are usually rubbed on the skin

A

Liniments

25
Q

Liniments should not be applied to skin areas that are ____ or ____ to avoid excessive irritation

A

Liniments should not be applied to skin areas that arebruised or broken to avoid excessive irritation

26
Q

Two types of Liniments

A

Alcoholic Liniment
Oleaginous Liniment

27
Q

Alcoholic liniment

A

penetrating action; rubefacient and counterirritant

28
Q

Oleaginous Liniments

A

For massage; less irritating
Solvent for
a) Fixed Oil: Peanut Oul, Almond Oil, Sesame Oil
b) Volatile Subs: Wintergreen, Turpentine

29
Q

Liquid preparations composed of 4% pyroxylin dissolved in a solvent mixtures (Alcohol + Ether)

1:3 Alcohol-Ether

A

Collodions

30
Q

Product of HNO3 + H2SO4 on cotton

A

Pyroxylin

31
Q

Coat for bandages and stiched incisions to make them waterproof and protect against external stress

A

Flexible collodion

32
Q

Components of Flexible Collodion

A

Collodion + 2% camphor + 3% Castor Oil

Camphor - Waterproof
Castor Oil - Flexibility

33
Q

Flexible Collodion + 10% Salicylic Acid

A

Salicylic Acid Collodion

Keratolytic

34
Q

Separation of medicinally active portions of plants or animal tissues by using selective solvent

A

Extraction

35
Q

Solid ingredients are soaked in a stoppered container with a solvent and allowed to stand for a period of 3 days with frequent agitation

A

Maceration

36
Q

Form of maceration using a gentle heat

A

Digestion

37
Q

Maceration of solids for a short period of time with cold or hot boiling water

A

Infusion

38
Q

Extracts water soluble and heat stable constituents by boiling in water for 15 minutes

A

Decoction

38
Q

Extracts water soluble and heat stable constituents by boiling in water for 15 minutes

A

Decoction

38
Q

Extracts water soluble and heat stable constituents by boiling in water for 15 minutes

A

Decoction

39
Q

The ground solids are mixed with the appropriate quantity of the solvent and stand for 15 minutes then transferred to a percolator

A

Percolator

Pass a liquid through a solid material drop by drop

40
Q

Concentrated preparations of vegetable or animal drugs

A

Extracts

41
Q

Extracts are obtained by

A

Isolation of the active ingredient with suitable menstruum
Removal of solvent
Adjustment of the residual masses or powders

42
Q

Forms of Extracts

A

Semiliquid Extracts
Pilular/Solid Extracts
Powdered Extracts

43
Q

Liquid/syrupy extract; no solvent is removed

A

Semiliquid Extracts

44
Q

Plastic masses intended for pills, ointments, and suppositories; nearly all solvent is removed

A

Pilular / Solid Extracts

45
Q

Dry powders, intended for dry formulations; removed all solvents

A

Powdered Extracts

46
Q

Alcoholic/hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable drugs or chemical substances

A

Tinctures

47
Q

Alcohol Content of Tinctures

A

15 - 80%

48
Q

Preparation of Tinctures

A

Percolation
Maceration

49
Q

Belladonna is prepared by

Tincture

A

Percolation

50
Q

Sweet Orange Peel and Compound Benzoin Tincture is prepared by

A

Maceration

51
Q

Paregoric, USP

A

Camphorated Opium Tinxture

52
Q

Opium Tincture, USP

A

Laudanum

53
Q

Hydroalcoholic solutions from vegetable drugs (ONLY)

A

Fluidextracts

54
Q

Fluidextracts is also known as

A

100% tinctures

Too potent and bitter

55
Q

Preparation of Fluidextracts

A

Percolation

56
Q

Processes of Percolation of Fluidextracts

A

PROCESS
A: Alcohol, Alcoholic water
B: Two menstruum
* Menstruum I: Glycerin or Acid
* Menstruum II: Mix of Alc & Water
C: Fractional/Divided (for volatile)
D: Boiling Menstruum
E: Modification of C; Alternate for A, B,

DDS (18 decks)

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