Inserts Flashcards
Pharmaceutical Insertz
Suppository
Vaginal Inserts
Implants/Pellets
Solid bodies of various weights and shapes, introduced into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifices of the human body
Suppository
Advantages of Suppository
Useful for patients who are unconscious, vomiting
Avoids first pass metabolism by the liver
Disadvantages of Suppository
Unpredictable and variable absorption
Unacceptable to certain patients/cultures
Types of Suppositories
- Rectal Suppositories
- Vaginal Suppositories/ Pessaries (Pepe)
- Urethral Suppositories/ Bougies
Shape of Rectal Supp
Little finger
Torpedo
Bullet
Weight of Recta Supp
Adults: 2g
Pediatrics: 1g
Size of Rectal Supp
Adults: 33mm
Pedia: 16mm
Shape of Vaginal Supp
Cone Shaoe
Oviform
Globular
Shape of Urethral Supp
Pencil-like
Weight of Urethral Supp
Male: 4g
Female: 2g
Size of Urethral Supp
Male: 140mm
Female: 70mm
Ideal Suppository Base
The base is:
Non-toxic and non-irritating to mucous mebrane
Compatible with drugs
Stable on storage
Melt or dissolve in rectal fluids
Suppository Bases
- Oleaginous or Fatty Base
- Water-soluble or water miscible Base
- Miscellaneous Base
Examples of Fatty or Oleaginous Base
Cocoa butter
Wecobee Base
Witepsol Base
Glyceryl monopalmitate
Most widely used for Rectal suppository
Cocoa butter (Theobroma cacao)
TF: Cocoa Butter exhibits polymorphism
True
Decrease melting point of cocoa butter when incorporated
Phenol & Chloral Hydrate
Triglycerides obtained from Coconut Oil
Wecobee base
Triglycerides of saturated fatty acis C12-C18
Witepsol
Main component of Witepsol
Lauric Acid
Water-Soluble & Water Miscible Base
Glycerinated Gelatin
Polyethylene Glycol
Most frquently used in pessaries
Glycerinated Gelatin
Glycerinated Gelatin must be moistened before application because of its ________ and ________ effect because of ________ nature of glycerin
Glycerinated Gelation must be moistened before application because of its dehydrating and irritating effect because of hygroscopic nature of glycerin
Base that do not melt at body temp but rather dissolve slowly in the body’s fluids
Polyethylene glycol
mixtures of oleaginous & water-soluble or water-miscible materials
Miscellaneous Bases
Mixture of monostearate and distearate esters of mixed polyoxyethylene
Polyoxyl 40 stearate
* Water soluble
* 39-45C MP
* White to light tan waxy solide
Preparation of Suppositories
Compression Molding
Hand rolling and shaping
Pour / Melt Molding
Simplest & oldest method for preparing suppositories
Hand Molding/Rolling/Shapin (No heat application)
Most commonly used for producing suppositories on both small or large scale operation
Fusion or Melt Molding (Pour Molding)
cold-grated mass is formed into a mold under pressure, using a wheel-operated press by forcing the mized mass of the base
Cold Compression
Uncoated, bullet-shaped, or ovoid (egg-formed) inserter into the vagina for local effects and systemic
Contains Antimicrobial Agents
Vaginal Inserts/Tablets
Small, sterile cylinders or devices inserted under the skin for prolonged and continuous absorption
Implants
Example of Implants
Norplant ® - levonorgestel (5 years)
Leuprolide acetate – tx prostate cancer (1 year)
