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DDS > Disperse System > Flashcards

Disperse System Flashcards

1
Q

Preparations made up of finely divided solids (suspensoids) distributed uniformly in a liquid vehicle

A

Suspensions

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2
Q

Size of Suspensoids

A

> 0.5mcm

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3
Q

Reasons for Formulation of Suspension

A

Suitable for insoluble solute
Suitable for unstable solute
Mask unpeasant tasting drugs

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4
Q

Properties of Good Suspension

A

a. Particle size of the suspension should remain fairly constant throughout long periods of undisturbed standing
b. Dispersed particles of the suspension should settle slowly & should be readily redispersed upon gentle shaking of the container
c. The suspension should pour readily & evenly from its container

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5
Q

Types of Suspensions

A

Gels
Lotions
Emulsions

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6
Q

Semi solid system consisting of suspensions made up of either small inorganic particles or larg organic particles

A

Gels/Jellies

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7
Q

Types of Gels

A

Single Phase
Two Phase (Magma/Milk)

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8
Q

Gels in which macromolecules are uniformly distributed throughout a liquid with no apparent boundaries between the dispersed macromolecules and liquid

A

Single Phase

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9
Q

Single phase Gels are more frequently used in pharmaceutical because

A

Semisolid State
High degree of clarity
Ease of application and removal

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10
Q

Gel mass consisting of floccules of small distinct particles

A

Twi Phase / Magma / Milk

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11
Q

Examples of Two Phase Gels

A

Bentonite Magma - Suspending Agent
Milk of Magnesia - Antacid

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12
Q

A reversible sol-gel/gel-sol formation w/ no charge in volume or temperature,

A

Thixotropy

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13
Q

Gel takes up the liquid but there is no increase in volume

A

Imbibition

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14
Q

Gel takes up the liquid but there is increase in volume

A

Swelling

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15
Q

Gel shrinking

A

Syneresis

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16
Q

Liquid is removed and only frameworks remain.

A

Xerogel

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17
Q

Suspension of solids in an aqeuous medium containing one or more active ingredient

For external use

A

Lotion

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18
Q

Methods of Preparation of Lotions

A

Trituration
Calamine Lotion, USP (ZnO + Fe2SO3)

Chemical Reactions
White Lotion (ZnSO4 + Sulfurated Potash)

19
Q

Dispersed systems in which the dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible.

A

Emulsion

20
Q

Components of Emulsions

A

Dispersed Phase: Internal Phase / Discontinuous Phase
Dispersion Medium: External Phase / Continuous Phase
Emulsifying Agent

21
Q

Purposes of Emulsions

A

Increased drug solubility
Increased drug stability
Prolonged drug action
Improved taste
Improved appearance

22
Q

Types of Emulsion

A
  • Oil in water (o/w)
  • Water in oil (w/o)
  • Multiple Emulsion – w/o/w or o/w/o
  • Microemulsion – transparent; most stable
23
Q

Oil is dispersed as droplets in an aqueous medium & external washable products

A

Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsion

24
Q

Used for external preparations when emollient, lubricating, or protective properties are desired

A

Water-in-Oil (W/O)

25
Q

Transparent & have droplet diameter in the nanometer size range; Thermodynamically stable

A

Microemulsion

26
Q

Factors that determine Emulsion Type

A

(1) Emulsifier - Some emulsifiers form either w/o or w/o emulsion, others form only one type

(2) Phase Ratio (relative amounts of oil & water) - Phase present in greater concentration tens to be the external phase.

(3) Order of Mixing - The phase that is being added by portions tends to be internal phase

27
Q

Oil in Water in Tests

A

Dilution Test: Miscible in Water
Conductivity Test: Yes
Fluorescence Test:No (Dotted Pattern)
CoCl2/FIlter Paper: Blue to Pink
Dye Staining Test: Amaranth

28
Q

Water-in-Oil Tests

A

Dilution Test: Miscible in Oil
Conductivity Test: No
Fluorescence Test: Yes
CoCl2/FIlter Paper: No color change
Dye Staining Test: Sudan, Scarlet Red

29
Q

Emulsion Methods of Preparation

A

Dry Gum Method
Wet Gum Method
Bottle Method
In Situ Method

30
Q

Continental Method

A

Dry Gum Method

31
Q

English Method

A

Wet Gum Method

32
Q

Forbes Bottle Method

A

Bottle Method

33
Q

Nascent Soap Method

A

In Situ Method

34
Q

Component of Dry Gum Method

A

Oil: Water: Gum (4:2:1)

35
Q

Preparation of Dry Gum Method

A

(Oil + Gum) + Water

35
Q

Preparation of Dry Gum Method

A

(Oil + Gum) + Water - added all at once
Mortar & Pestle

36
Q

Components of Wet Gum Method

A

Oil: Water: Gum (4:2:1)

37
Q

Preparation of Wet Gum Method

A

(Water + Gum) + Oil - Added slowly
Mortar & pestle

38
Q

Extemporaneous preparation of emulsion from volatile oils or oleaginous substance of low viscosities

A

Bottle Method

39
Q

Components of Bottle Method

A

Oil:Water:Gum (3:2:1 or (2:1:1)

40
Q

TF: Bottle Method is suitable for high viscous substances

A

False

Bottle Method is not suitable for high viscous substances

41
Q

Used to form an o/w or w/o emulsion and is for external use only

A

In Situ Method

42
Q

Soap formed in In Situ Method

A

Soft Soap
Calcium Soaps (Oleic Acid + Lime Water)

43
Q

Reduce the interfacial tension by forming a film at interface

A

Emulsifying Agent

DDS (18 decks)

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