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DDS > Pharmaceutical Ingredients > Flashcards

Pharmaceutical Ingredients Flashcards

1
Q

Any component that is intended to furnish
pharmacologic activity or other effect in the
diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of diseases or to affect the structure
of the body of a man or other animals.

A

Active Ingredient or API

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2
Q

Any component other than the active ingredient in a drug product that is used as a
carrier for the active ingredients of a medication.

A

Inactive Ingredient or Excipient

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3
Q

Used to aid the

process by which a product is manufactured.

A

Excipients

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4
Q

Provide acidic medium for product stability

A

Acidifying Agent

Ex: HNO3, HCl, CH3COOH

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5
Q

Provide alkaline medium for product stability

A

Alkalinizing Agent
Ex: Ammonia solution, sodium borate, sodium
carbonate, trolamine

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6
Q

Hold the molecules into its surface for moisture

sensitive products

A

Adsorbent

Ex: Cellulose, activated charcoal

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7
Q

Develops the pressure in the container and expels the product

A

Aerosol propellant

Ex: DCDFM, DCTFE, TCMFM

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8
Q

Inhibits the process of oxidation for possible cause of product deterioration

A

Antioxidant
Ex: Butylated hydroxytoluene, sodium bisulfite, ascorbic
acid

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9
Q

Prevents growth of fungi

A

Antifungal Agent

Ex: Paraben, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate

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10
Q

Prevents growth of microorganism

A

Antimicrobial Preservative
Ex: Benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol,
chlorobutanol, thimerosal, phenol

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11
Q

Resist changes in pH

A

Buffering Agent

Ex: Citrates, Acetates, Phosphates

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12
Q

Used as stabilizers for heavy metals capable of

promoting instability

A

Chelating Agent

Ex: Edetate disodium

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13
Q

Impart color for improved aesthetic appeal

A

Colorant

Ex: Dyes and Lakes, Red ferric oxide, caramel, FD&C and D&C

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14
Q

Used as filtering aid for the adsorbent properties

A

Clarifying Agent

Ex: Bentonite

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15
Q

Promote and maintains dispersion of finely

divided particles of a liquid

A

Emulsifying Agent
Ex: Acacia, spans and tweens, SLS, Cetyl pyridinium
chloride

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16
Q

Imparts pleasant flavor

A

Flavorant

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17
Q

Prevents drying out of the preparation

A

Humectant

Ex: Glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol

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18
Q

An intervening agent used to reduce the particle

size

A

Levigating Agent

Ex: Mineral oil, glycerin

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19
Q

Semisolid vehicle for drug substances

A

Ointment bases

Ex: Semisolid vehicle for drug substances

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20
Q

An agent used to dissolve another substance

A

Solvent
Ex: Water, alcohol, glycerin, mineral oil, Peanut oil,
Sesame oil, Cottonseed oil, Castor oil

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21
Q

Agents that increase the thickness or hardness

of the preparation

A

Stiffening agent

Ex: Cetyl alcohol, paraffin, white wax, yellow wax

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22
Q

A vehicle for drug substances formulated into

suppositories

A

Suppository bases

Ex: Cocoa butter, witepsol, wecobee, PEG mixtures

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23
Q

Agents which reduces interfacial tension

A

Surfactant

Ex: Benzalkonium chloride, polysorbate 80, SLS

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24
Q

Increases viscosity and reduces rate of

sedimentation

A

Suspending Agent

Ex: CMC, MC, bentonite, acacia

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25
Q

Imparts sweetness

A

Sweetening Agent

Ex: Mannitol, saccharin, sorbitol, sucrose

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26
Q

Tablet excipient that imparts

satisfactory characteristics to the formulation such as diluent, binders, disintegrants

A

Essential components

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27
Q

Impart satisfactory compression characteristics

glidants, lubricants, and antiadherents

A

Compression Aids

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28
Q

Give additional desirable physical characteristics to
the finished tablets (colors, flavors, sweetening
agents, adsorbents)

A

Supplementary Components

29
Q

T/F: Flavorants degrade due to exposure to
light, temperature, oxygen, water, enzymes,
contaminants, and other components

A

True

30
Q

Flavorants that act as carriers

A

Oil-Soluble Carriers
Water-soluble Carriers
Dry Carriers

31
Q

Oil-soluble carriers

A

Soybean and other

edible oils.

32
Q

Water-Soluble Carriers

A

Water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and emulsifiers.

33
Q

Dry Carriers

A

Maltodextrin, corn syrup
solids, modified starches, gum arabic, salt,
sugars, and whey protein.

34
Q

Types of Flavorants

A

Natural Flavors

Artificial Flavor

35
Q

Methods used in Flavorants

A

Blending

Overshadowing

36
Q

300× sweetness

A

Saccharin

37
Q

T/F: Saccharin is found to cause bladder tumors but by a non-DNA reactive mechanism and remains unmetabolized

A

True

38
Q

30× sweetness

A

Cyclamate

39
Q

160–200× sweetness

A

Aspartame

40
Q

Aspartame is metabolized into ______, _______, ______

A

phenylalanine, aspartic acid,

and methanol

41
Q

T/F: Aspartame can’t be given to px with phenylketonuria as this can result to hyperphenylalaninemia

A

True

42
Q

600x sweetness

A

Sucralose

43
Q

Structurally similar to

saccharin

A

Acesulfame K

44
Q

Acesulfame K is ___x as sweet as sucrose and more stable than ____

A

Acesulfame K is 130x as sweet as sucrose and more stable than aspartame

45
Q

Stevia is derived from

A

Stevia rebaudiana bertoni

46
Q

Natural, safe, non-toxic, and 30x as sweet as sucrose

A

Stevia

47
Q

Types of Colorants

A

Natural - Mineral, Plants, Animals

Synthetic

48
Q

The first synthetic Dye

A

Mauverine/Mauve

49
Q

Who discovered the first synthethic dye

A

William Henry Perkin

50
Q

T/F: Synthetic Dyes contain chromophore

A

True

51
Q

Classification of Colorants

A
  1. FD and C
  2. D and C
  3. External D and C
52
Q

Colorants in the form of diluted solutions with greater accuracy in measurement

A

Dyes

53
Q

Pigments added to liquid dyes. Commonly, they are in the form of fine
dispersions or suspensions.

A

Lakes

54
Q

FD&C YELLOW NO.5

A

Tartrazine

55
Q

FD&C RED NO.4

A

Marachino cherries

56
Q

FD&C RED NO. 2

A

Amaranth

57
Q

Cause allergy in humans

A

Tartrazine

58
Q

External application and cosmetics

A

Marachino cherries

59
Q

Cause cancer in rats

A

Amaranth

60
Q

Concentration of Benzoic Acid

A

0.1 to 0.2%

61
Q

Concentration of Sodium benzoate

A

0.1 to 0.2%

62
Q

Concentration of Alcohol

A

15 to 20%

63
Q

Concentration of Phenylmercuric nitrate and acetate

A

0.002% to 0.01%

64
Q

Concentration of Phenol

A

0.1 to 0.5%

65
Q

Concentration of Cresol

A

0.1 to 0.5%

66
Q

Concentration of Chlorobutanol

A

0.5%

67
Q

Concentration of Benzalkonium chloride

A

0.002 to 0.01%

68
Q

Concentration of methyl paraben and propylparaben

A

0.1 to 0.2%

DDS (18 decks)

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