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Pharmaceutical Ingredients Flashcards

1
Q

Any component that is intended to furnish
pharmacologic activity or other effect in the
diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or
prevention of diseases or to affect the structure
of the body of a man or other animals.

A

Active Ingredient or API

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2
Q

Any component other than the active ingredient in a drug product that is used as a
carrier for the active ingredients of a medication.

A

Inactive Ingredient or Excipient

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3
Q

Used to aid the

process by which a product is manufactured.

A

Excipients

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4
Q

Provide acidic medium for product stability

A

Acidifying Agent

Ex: HNO3, HCl, CH3COOH

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5
Q

Provide alkaline medium for product stability

A

Alkalinizing Agent
Ex: Ammonia solution, sodium borate, sodium
carbonate, trolamine

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6
Q

Hold the molecules into its surface for moisture

sensitive products

A

Adsorbent

Ex: Cellulose, activated charcoal

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7
Q

Develops the pressure in the container and expels the product

A

Aerosol propellant

Ex: DCDFM, DCTFE, TCMFM

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8
Q

Inhibits the process of oxidation for possible cause of product deterioration

A

Antioxidant
Ex: Butylated hydroxytoluene, sodium bisulfite, ascorbic
acid

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9
Q

Prevents growth of fungi

A

Antifungal Agent

Ex: Paraben, benzoic acid, sodium benzoate

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10
Q

Prevents growth of microorganism

A

Antimicrobial Preservative
Ex: Benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol,
chlorobutanol, thimerosal, phenol

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11
Q

Resist changes in pH

A

Buffering Agent

Ex: Citrates, Acetates, Phosphates

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12
Q

Used as stabilizers for heavy metals capable of

promoting instability

A

Chelating Agent

Ex: Edetate disodium

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13
Q

Impart color for improved aesthetic appeal

A

Colorant

Ex: Dyes and Lakes, Red ferric oxide, caramel, FD&C and D&C

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14
Q

Used as filtering aid for the adsorbent properties

A

Clarifying Agent

Ex: Bentonite

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15
Q

Promote and maintains dispersion of finely

divided particles of a liquid

A

Emulsifying Agent
Ex: Acacia, spans and tweens, SLS, Cetyl pyridinium
chloride

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16
Q

Imparts pleasant flavor

A

Flavorant

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17
Q

Prevents drying out of the preparation

A

Humectant

Ex: Glycerin, sorbitol, propylene glycol

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18
Q

An intervening agent used to reduce the particle

size

A

Levigating Agent

Ex: Mineral oil, glycerin

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19
Q

Semisolid vehicle for drug substances

A

Ointment bases

Ex: Semisolid vehicle for drug substances

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20
Q

An agent used to dissolve another substance

A

Solvent
Ex: Water, alcohol, glycerin, mineral oil, Peanut oil,
Sesame oil, Cottonseed oil, Castor oil

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21
Q

Agents that increase the thickness or hardness

of the preparation

A

Stiffening agent

Ex: Cetyl alcohol, paraffin, white wax, yellow wax

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22
Q

A vehicle for drug substances formulated into

suppositories

A

Suppository bases

Ex: Cocoa butter, witepsol, wecobee, PEG mixtures

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23
Q

Agents which reduces interfacial tension

A

Surfactant

Ex: Benzalkonium chloride, polysorbate 80, SLS

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24
Q

Increases viscosity and reduces rate of

sedimentation

A

Suspending Agent

Ex: CMC, MC, bentonite, acacia

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25
Imparts sweetness
Sweetening Agent | Ex: Mannitol, saccharin, sorbitol, sucrose
26
Tablet excipient that imparts | satisfactory characteristics to the formulation such as diluent, binders, disintegrants
Essential components
27
Impart satisfactory compression characteristics | glidants, lubricants, and antiadherents
Compression Aids
28
Give additional desirable physical characteristics to the finished tablets (colors, flavors, sweetening agents, adsorbents)
Supplementary Components
29
T/F: Flavorants degrade due to exposure to light, temperature, oxygen, water, enzymes, contaminants, and other components
True
30
Flavorants that act as carriers
Oil-Soluble Carriers Water-soluble Carriers Dry Carriers
31
Oil-soluble carriers
Soybean and other | edible oils.
32
Water-Soluble Carriers
Water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin, and emulsifiers.
33
Dry Carriers
Maltodextrin, corn syrup solids, modified starches, gum arabic, salt, sugars, and whey protein.
34
Types of Flavorants
Natural Flavors | Artificial Flavor
35
Methods used in Flavorants
Blending | Overshadowing
36
300× sweetness
Saccharin
37
T/F: Saccharin is found to cause bladder tumors but by a non-DNA reactive mechanism and remains unmetabolized
True
38
30× sweetness
Cyclamate
39
160–200× sweetness
Aspartame
40
Aspartame is metabolized into ______, _______, ______
phenylalanine, aspartic acid, | and methanol
41
T/F: Aspartame can't be given to px with phenylketonuria as this can result to hyperphenylalaninemia
True
42
600x sweetness
Sucralose
43
Structurally similar to | saccharin
Acesulfame K
44
Acesulfame K is ___x as sweet as sucrose and more stable than ____
Acesulfame K is 130x as sweet as sucrose and more stable than aspartame
45
Stevia is derived from
Stevia rebaudiana bertoni
46
Natural, safe, non-toxic, and 30x as sweet as sucrose
Stevia
47
Types of Colorants
Natural - Mineral, Plants, Animals | Synthetic
48
The first synthetic Dye
Mauverine/Mauve
49
Who discovered the first synthethic dye
William Henry Perkin
50
T/F: Synthetic Dyes contain chromophore
True
51
Classification of Colorants
1. FD and C 2. D and C 3. External D and C
52
Colorants in the form of diluted solutions with greater accuracy in measurement
Dyes
53
Pigments added to liquid dyes. Commonly, they are in the form of fine dispersions or suspensions.
Lakes
54
FD&C YELLOW NO.5
Tartrazine
55
FD&C RED NO.4
Marachino cherries
56
FD&C RED NO. 2
Amaranth
57
Cause allergy in humans
Tartrazine
58
External application and cosmetics
Marachino cherries
59
Cause cancer in rats
Amaranth
60
Concentration of Benzoic Acid
0.1 to 0.2%
61
Concentration of Sodium benzoate
0.1 to 0.2%
62
Concentration of Alcohol
15 to 20%
63
Concentration of Phenylmercuric nitrate and acetate
0.002% to 0.01%
64
Concentration of Phenol
0.1 to 0.5%
65
Concentration of Cresol
0.1 to 0.5%
66
Concentration of Chlorobutanol
0.5%
67
Concentration of Benzalkonium chloride
0.002 to 0.01%
68
Concentration of methyl paraben and propylparaben
0.1 to 0.2%

DDS (18 decks)

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