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IWS Unit 1 > Soils > Flashcards

Soils Flashcards

1
Q

Liguria soils in general

A

Poor and stony

2 types

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2
Q

Ponente (Western Riviera)

A

Liguria

Reddish calcareous marl-based soils

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3
Q

Levante (Eastern Riviera)

A

Liguria

Clay, sand, and limestone mix

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4
Q

Tortonian

A

Western half of Barolo
Calcareous marls that are more fertile and compact
Produced more elegant wines

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5
Q

Serravallian (Helvetian)

A

Sandstone, silty marls and sand, overall are poorer soils in Eastern Barolo
Longer lived and require more ageing.

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6
Q

Magredi

A

Found in Graves DOC - flat expanses with low grass grown on arid beds of gravel and pebbles

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7
Q

Glacial Moraine

A

An accumulation of rocks and sediment carried and deposited by glaciers

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8
Q

Helvetian or Serravallian

A

Soils of sandstone and sand

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9
Q

Igneous

A

Rock from cooled lava

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10
Q

Metamorphic

A

Rocks changed over long periods of time by intense pressure and heat

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11
Q

Orogenesis

A

Formation of mountains

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12
Q

Ponca

A

Fruili name for Flysch of Cormons

Alternating layers of sandstone and calcarious marl

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13
Q

Flysch of Cormons

A

Alternating layers of sandstone and calcarious marl

Fruili name - Ponca

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14
Q

Calanchi

A

Bare, arid clay-based rock from water erosion

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15
Q

Caranto

A

Thin, Calcareous-clay layer under clay-based top soil

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16
Q

Conca di Bolzano

A

Geographical Basin
Alps foothills
Surrounds Bolzano

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17
Q

Dolomite

A

Mineral containing calcium, magnesium

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18
Q

Porphyry

A

Red/Purple Igneous Rock
Embedded feldspar or quartz
A volcanic soil

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19
Q

Sabbie Astiane

A

Sandy soils on banks of Tanaro River

Piemonte

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20
Q

Terre Bianche

A

White soils, compact calcareous marls

Piemonte

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21
Q

Terre Rosse

A

Red soils

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22
Q

Toari

A

Local Veneto word for soils of decomposed basalt

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23
Q

Tortonian

A

Fertile and compact calcareous marls

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24
Q

Soils of Valle d’Aosta

A

Slopes: limestone or schist
Valley: Alluvial with high proportion of gravel

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25
Rossese di Dolceacqua DOC
Red calcareous soils
26
What are the soils of Riviera di Ponente
Reddish calcareous marl-based soils
27
What are the soils of Riviera di Levante
Clay, sand and limestone mix
28
What type of soils are found in Bardolino?
Glacial moraines with high gravel
29
What are the soils of Valpolicella
Hills of low/medium elevation - sandy-gravelly-clay Higher elevations - limestone and marl-based Hills around Marano are volcanic, decomposed basalt
30
What is toari?
Decomposed basalt around Valpolicella
31
Soils in Eastern Soave
Low volcanic hills of decomposed basalt | Structured wines with almond notes
32
Soils of Western Soave
Steep limestone-based hills | Wines of finesse with delicate aromas
33
Soils of Gambellara
Similar to E Soave | Volcanic basalt dominate
34
What are the soils of Colli Euganei
Originally volcanic Decomposed volcanic rock (basalt, tuff, rhyolite) Limestone, Marl Well drained, mineral rich
35
Bagnoli
gravely alluvial plains | created from Adige & Brenta Rivers
36
What are the soils of Conegliano Valdobbiadene DOCG?
Diverse Mostly sandstone, marl, clay with alluvial and glacial moraine
37
Soils of Piave DOC
``` An alluvial plain Created by Piave, Livenza and Tagliamento Rivers Each run parallel into Adriatic North - higher plain, Alluvial South - flatter more sand, clay and loam ```
38
What are the soils of Valtellin?
Granitic sands Broken schist Alluvial material Shallow and Poor
39
Describe the soils of Franciacorta / Brescia Hills?
Glacial Moraine Amphitheater-gentle slopes Mineral-rich, Sand, Silt, Gravel, Limestone Well Drained
40
What are the soils of Oltrepò Pavese?
Cool limestone-based hills
41
What are the soils of Garda Lombardo?
North - Calcareous clay South - Glacial Moraine Both shallow and well drained
42
What soil type characterizes the Carso plateau?
Limestone
43
What are the soil types of FVG?
1. Plains (High / L Coastal) - sand, clay, gravel 2. E Hills - Flysch of Cormons alternating layers sandstone, calcareous marl, well drained, quality 3. Carso - Limestone Plateau
44
What are the soils in FVG Low Coastal Plain
More fertile Sand, Clay, Gravel Less well-drained due to high clay
45
What are the soils in FVG High Central Plain
Sand, clay, gravel | Extremely permeable high gravel
46
What are the soils in FVG Eastern Hills
``` Alternating Sandstone, calcareous marl Poor Well-drained Friable (crumbly) Flysch of Cormons (Ponca) ```
47
What are the soils of Carso in FVG?
Iron rich sand and clay topsoil | Limestone Plateau
48
What are the soils of Friuli Grave DOC?
``` Sand and Gravel Excessively well drained Irrigation is necessary More gravel in north Finer soils in south most sand, silt, clay in south ```
49
What are the soils of Ramandolo DOCG?
Marl | Poor nutrient they can only grow grapes here
50
What is soil difference between Rive Alte and Rive di Giare?
``` Rive Alte (Right Bank) - red gravel and clay, left fertile Rive di Giare (Left Bank) - white gravel, limestone, sandy ```
51
Toari
Veneto word for decomposed basalt
52
What are the soils of the Hills in Emilia-Romagna?
Shallow soils Clay, Sandstone and Marl More challenging soils = quality viticulture
53
What are Po River Plains soils?
Alluvial Deep and Fertile Clay, Silt and Sand
54
Where are the Northern Apennines?
Southern part of Emilia-Romagna | No vines
55
What type of soils are found in Piacenza?
Clay & marl with pockets of gravel/peppbles Steep inclines Hand worked vines
56
What are the soils of Trentino?
Dolomite Limestone Granite Porphyritic
57
What is Dolomite?
``` Dolomite + Cacite Contains calcium (21%) and magnesium (11%) ```
58
What are the soils of Campo Rotaliano (Rotaliano Plain)
Large, gravelly, sandy plain protected by mountain ranges
59
What are the soils of Caluso DOCG?
Acidic, sandy gravel soils
60
What are the soils of Alba?
Padano Sea left alternating layers of clay, calcareous marl, sandstone, sand and chalk that eroded to form the Roero and Naghe hills Few pebbles or stones which leads to erosion
61
Soils of Langhe Hills?
Terre bianche = compact calcareous marls | 15m years old
62
Soils of Roero Hills?
Formed only 5m years ago | Softer, sandier and rich in marine fossils
63
Describe Soil differences Tortonian and Serravallian in Barolo?
Tortonian - covers West Barolo, Calcareous marl, more fertile and compact (Morra and Barolo) Serravalian sandstone, silt marls, sand poorer, less compact (Monforte, Serralunga and part of Castiglione Falleto)
64
What are the soils of Dogliani DOCG?
Sandstone interspersed with marl
65
What are the soils of Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba?
Whitish sandstone
66
What are the soils of Dolcetto d'Alba?
Layers of calcareous marl, sandstone, sand
67
Soils of Barbera d'Alba DOC
Calcareous marls, sandstone and sand
68
What is Rocche?
Precipitous rocky cliffs running SW to NE in Roero Hills. Topographical slash in the landscape. Separates alluvial soils of western plain from sandier soils in the East-central hills (vines planted here)
69
What are the soil types in Roero Hills?
Marine origin composed of sand, sandstone, and marl High sand content - light, loose, soft and permeable Poor in organic material but rich in minerals
70
What is Terre Rosse?
"Red Lands" Clay, iron, magnesium Deep high in clay content Specific areas of Monferrato
71
What is Sabbie Astiane?
"Asti Sands" High sand content Poor water retention Found on both side of Tanaro River in Monferrato
72
What is Terre Bianche?
``` "White Lands" Alternating layers Sand, sandstone, whitish calcareous marl Shallow, rich in marine fossils High in Calcium Carbonate Found in S of Asti in Monferrato ```
73
What are the 3 soil types found in Monferrato?
1. Terre Rosse 2. Sabbie Astiane 3. Terre Bianche
74
What are the soils of Barbera d'Asti DOCG?
North - Calcareous marl and Sabbie Astiane (Asti Sand) | South - Terre Bianche
75
What are the soils of Asti DOCG & Moscato d'Asti DOCG?
Terre Bianche | Moscato Bianco performs well in calcareous clay.
76
Soils of Gavi DOCG
Terre Bianche - sand, sandstone and calcareous marl Terre Rosse - iron, clay, magnesium
77
Novara and Vercelli Hills
``` Moraine Acidic Sand, clay, gravel Red, iron rich clay Volcanic sub soils with porphyry and granite ```
78
Gattinara
Decomposed soils Volcanic porphyritic sub-soils Steep hillsides Optimal exposure
79
Ghemme
Alluvial | Glacial deposits
80
Lessona DOC (Piemonte) p69
Mineral rich, acidic soils Sub-soils marine origin Porphyritic rocks present
81
Branaterra DOC (Alto Piemonte) p70
Volcanic material and marine sand
82
Carema DOC (Alto Piemonte)
Glacial deposits topsoils Metamorphic schist subsoils Precipitous carved slopes
83
Difference between Langhe and Roero soils?
Langhe 15m years compact marls and sandstone terre bianche | Roero 5m years - softer, sandier, rich marine fossils
84
Dogliano DOCG
Sandstone with marl
85
Dolcetto d’Alba DOC
Calcareous marl, sandstone and sand
86
Barbera d’Alba
Calcareous marl, sandstone and sand
87
Roero Hills
Sand. Sandstone and marl Rich in minerals La Rocche
88
Barbera d’Asti DOCG
N-Calcareous marl and Sabbie Asti (sand) | S- Terre Bianche
89
Brachetto d’Acqui DOcG
Compact white calcareous marl | Some areas with sand and sandstone
90
Asti DOCG
Terre Bianche | Calcareous marl performs well
91
Barbera del Monferrato
Calcareous marl, sandstone, sand and clay
92
Gavi DOCG
Terre Bianche and Terre Rosse
93
What do soils with higher basalt content produce?
More structured wines
94
What do soils with higher limestone content produce?
More finesse

IWS Unit 1 (57 decks)

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