Final Review Flashcards
What were the main Ancient Civilizations in Italy?
Etruscans (8th BCE)
Greeks (8th-6th BCE - “Oenotria”)
Romans (4th BCE - 4 AD
What were the 2 main vine training systems introduced by the Etruscans and Greeks?
Etruscans - Alberata - high trained on trees
Greeks - Alberello - low trained bush
What is Mezzadria?
Share cropping
Who was instrumental in unification of Italy and what year?
House of Savoy (Kingdom of Sardegna)
1861
When was DOC legislation originally approved in Italy and which was the 1st DOC?
1963
Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOC (1966)
Who was key for the modern transformation of Toscana?
Giacomo Tachis
Who was key for the modern transformation of white wines in FVG?
Mario Schiopetto
Who was key for the modern transformation of Barbaresco?
Angelo Gaja
Who was key for the modern transformation of Torgiano, Umbria?
Giorgio Lungarotti
Who was key for the modern transformation of Aglianico and Fiano in Irpinia, Campania?
Antonio Mastroberardino
What historical figure(s) was(were) key for Barolo?
Camillo Benso (Marquis intro the dry wines) Giula Falletti (Count Cavour created dry wines) Paolo Staglieno (Italian enologist) Louis Oudart (French enologist - helped)
What historical figure(s) was(were) key for Barbaresco?
Domizio Cavazza
What historical figure(s) was(were) key for Asti Spumante?
Carlo Gancia
What historical figure(s) was(were) key for Prosecco?
Antonio Carpenè
What historical figure(s) was(were) key for Trentino traditional sparkling wines?
Giulio Ferrari
What historical figure(s) was(were) key for Franciacorta?
Franco Ziliani
Key producers in Barbaresco
Gaja
Giacosa
Key producers in Roero Arneis
Vietti
Giascosa
Ceretto
Key producers in Barbera d’Asti
Braida
Key producers in Gavi/Cortese?
La Scola
Key producers in Colli Tortonesi (Timorasso)
Massa
Key producers in Franciacorta
Berlucchi
Key producers in Trento DOC (traditional sparkling)
Ferrari
Key producers in Teroldego/Trentino
Foradori
Key producers in Amarone della Valpolicella
Bertani
Bolla
Key producers in Valpolicella Ripasso
Masi
Key producers in Breganze (Bordeaux blends, Vespaiola)
Maculan
Key producers in Prosecco
Carpenè-Malvolti
Key producers of white wines in Friuli
Schiopetto
Felluga
Key producers of orange wine in Collio
Gravner
Radikon
Key producers of Vitovska in Carso
Kante
Zidarich
Key producers of Schioppettino in Fruili Colli Orientali
Rapuzzi
What are the equivalent PDO, PGI and Generic Wines in Italy?
DOC/G
IGT
Vino
What was PDO designation for “Vino la Tabla” changed in Italy?
Vino
What are the are the wines laws for DOCG
Top classification More stringent production criteria Lab analysis Independent Blind Tasting Seal of Approval (Gold) 74 DOCG
What are the are the wines laws for DOC
Step below DOCG Less Stringent Lab Analysis Seal of Approval (Blue) 334 DOC
How can you verify DOC/G?
Each has a certification tracking number
What does Sottazona mean?
Sub-zone More restrictions (area/rules) than DOC/G Historic and/or Natural Conditions eg Classicos are sub-zones Specific to a grape type
What does Classico mean?
- Sub-zone (Sottozona)
- Original / Historical growing area
- Longstanding tradition/reputation
What is a UGA?
Unita Geografica Aggiuntiva
- Added geographic designation
- Official, more restricted than DOC/G
- Small than sub-zone
- On labels
- Typical same rules and DOC/G
- Place of Origin / Higher distinction (“Cru”)
What is the IGT?
IGP - Indicazione Geografica Protetta
- Middle Tier
- Large production area
- Less stringent rules, more flexible
What is Vino?
Italian Generic Wine (Replaced Vino la Tabla)
- Without origin only Italia
- Indicate color (rosso, biano, rosato)
- Indication of grape &/or vintage
Describe Disciplinare
- Official regulator DOC/G, IGT
- Rules from vineyard to bottle
Geographic/Location/Altitude
Grapes
Training system, density, yields
ABV, Methods, ageing
Chemical/Physical
Labeling designations
What is a Consorzio?
Association of producers, merchants, coops for DOC/G
Protect reputation
What are the equivalents to a Consorzio in France and Spain
Comité Interprofessionnel (France) Consejo Regulador (Spain)
What are the main mountains in N Italy?
Western, Central and Eastern Alps
Northern Apennines
Where would you find Sedimentary soils (eg uplift of ancient sea bed)?
Langhe
Monferrato
Where would you find Morainic soils (glacial deposits)?
Franciacorta
N Piemonte
Valtellina
Val d’Aosta
Where would you find Volcanic soils (extinct volcanos)?
Colli Euganei
What are the main lakes in Northern Italy?
Maggiore Como Iseo Garda Adige
What are the main rivers in Piemonte?
Dora Baltea
Sesia
Tanaro
All flowing to Po River
What are the main rivers in Lombardia?
Adda River
Ticino
Oglio
All leading to Po River
What river empties out of Lake Maggiore?
Ticino River
What river empties out of Lake Como?
Adda River
What are the important rivers of Emilia-Romagna
Panaro Secchia Taro Trebbia Po River
What are the primary rivers in Veneto?
Brenta Piave Livenza Tagliamento Adige Po River
What separates Veneto and Emilia-Romagna?
Po River
Describe the climate in Alpine areas?
Continental with alpine influence
Describe the climate in Padana Plain?
Fully continental
Describe the climate in the Hills of Northern Italy?
Semi-continental moderated by lakes and rivers
What is a moderating influence aside from lakes and rivers?
Mediterranean
Alps
Where are pergolas most common in Northern Italy?
Piemonte Trentino Alto Adige Veneto Valle d'Aosta Liguria Emilia-Romagna
Where is Aberello training most common in Northern Italy?
Valle d’Aosta
Liguria
Where is Cordone Speronato found?
Single permanent horizontal wood (low trained)
Good for medium-poor soils - mechanized pruning
All over N Italy
What is a version of Guyot training and were are both found?
Guyot is widely adopted across N Italy
Cappuccina is found in Veneto
What are Geneva Double Curtain, Sylvoz and Casarsa and where are they found?
High training system
Casarsa is a variant of Sylvoz
GDC/Sylvoz found in Emilia-Romagna and Veneto
Casarsa - central Fruili
What is a tendone?
Training system that forms a “tent”
Common in the South for table wines
What is Guyot?
Low trained, 1 or 2 horizontal spurs
Good for poor, dry, hillside soils
What is Pergola Trentina?
Pergola with inclined arm
Trentino, AA, Veneto and Romagna
What is Pergola Veronese?
Horizontal arms
What are the traditional method (metodo classico) DOC/Gs?
Franciacorta DOCG
Trento DOC
Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG
Alta Langa DOCG
What are the Tank Method (metodo Martinotti) DOC/Gs?
Asti Conegliano Valdobbianden Prosecco Superiore Asolo Prosecco Superiore DOCG Prosecco DOC Lambrusco district (frizzante) Brachetto d'Acqui DOC
What are the Ancestral Method (rifermentazione naturale in bottiglia) DOC/Gs?
Lambrusco district (rifermentazione naturale in bottiglia) Conegliano Valdobbianden Prosecco DOCG (col Fondo)
What are the Passito sweet wines of Valle d’Aosta, Trentino, Piemonte, Liguria, Lombardia
Valle d'Aosta DOC (Fletri) Trentino Vino Santo DOC Erbaluce di Caluso (Piemonte) Cinque Terre Schiacchetrà (Liguria) Moscato di Scanzo (Lombardia)
What are the Passito sweet wines of Emilia-Romagna?
Romagna Albana DOCG
Colli Piacentini Malvasia DOC
Colli Piacentini Vin Santo di Vigoleno DOC
What are the Passito sweet wines of Veneto?
Recioto di Soave DOCG Recioto di Gambellara DOCG Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG Breganze Torcolato DOC Colli Euganei Fior d'Arancio DOCG
What are the Passito sweet wines of Friuli Venezia Giulia?
Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOCG
Ramandolo DOCG
What are the 5 main Muffa Nobile wines of Northern Italy?
Romagna Albana (Albana) Trentino Vino Santo (Nosiola) Recioto di Soave (Garganega) Breganze Torcolato (Vespaiola) Recioto della Valpolicella (Corvina, Corvinone, Rondinella)
What are the main Rosatos DOC/Gs in Northern Italy?
Riviera del Garda Classico Chiaretto (Lombardia)
Bardolino Chiaretto (Veneto)
Alto Adige Lagrein Kretzer (AA)
Ormeasco di Pornassio Sciac-trà (Liguria)
What region is Nebbiolo mostly found?
Valle d’Aosta (Picotendro)
Piemonte (Spanna)
Lombardia (Chiavennasca)
What are the names of Nebbiolo?
Picotendro - (Valle d’Aosta)
Spanna - (Piemonte)
Chiavennasca - (Lombardia)
Biotypes - Lampia, Michet, Bolla, Nebbiolo Rosé
What regions are Dolcetto mostly found?
Piemonte
Liguria (Ormeasco)
What regions are Barbera mostly found?
Piemonte
Lombardia
What regions are Croatina mostly found?
Lombardia (Bonarda)
Emilia-Romagna (Bonarda)
What regions are Lambrusco Family mostly found?
Emilia-Romagna
Lombardia
What regions are Sangiovese mostly found in Northern Italy?
Emilia-Romagna
Liguria
What regions are Schiava mostly found?
Alto Adige
Trentino
What regions are Turbiana mostly found?
Lombardia (Trebbiano di Liguria)
Veneto (Trebbiano di Soave)
What regions are Pinot Grigio mostly found?
Valle d'Aosta (Malvoisie) Lombardia Trentino - Alto Adige Veneto Friuli Venezia Giulia
What regions are Chardonnay found?
Lombardia
Trentino - Alto Adige
FVG
Valle d’Aosta
What regions are Pinto Bianco found?
Trentino
Alto Adige
What regions are Müller Thurgau found?
Trentino
Alto Adige
Valle d’Aosta
What regions are Sauvignon Blanc found?
Alto Adige
Friuli Venezia Giulia
What regions are Gewürztraminer found?
Trentino
Alto Adige
What regions are Pinot Nero found?
Valle d’Aosta
Lombardia
Alto Adige
What regions are Bordeaux varieties found?
Alto Adige
Trentino
Veneto
Friuli Venezia Giulia
What are the main Inter-Regional DOC/Gs in Northern Italy?
Colli Luni Garda Lugana Prosecco Lison DOCG Lago di Caldaro / Kalterersee DOC
What regions cover Lago di Caldaro / Kalterersee DOC?
Alto Adige
Trentino
What regions cover Colli di Luni DOC
Liguria
Toscana
What regions cover Garda DOC
Lombardia
Veneto
What regions cover Lugana DOC?
Lombardia
Veneto
What regions cover Prosecco DOC
Veneto
FVG
What regions cover Lison
Veneto
FVG
What are the styles of Brachetto d’Acqui DOCG?
dry, passito, spumante, frizzante
Dry is new
What is grape can be used up to 10% in Franciacorta?
Erbamat
What are the changes to Riviera del Garda DOC classico?
Now it is a DOC
What changes to Valtènesi DOC?
Became a subzone of Riviera del Garda Classico DOC
What is the subzone in Trentino DOC Superiore for Müller Thurgau?
Valle di Cembra
What producer makes Bordeaux style fruit-forward, easy drinking wines from Merlot and CabSav in Trentino?
Tenura San Leonardo
What is the royal estate that still producers Barolo?
Fontanafredda