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IWS Unit 1 > Emilia-Romagna - online > Flashcards

Emilia-Romagna - online Flashcards

1
Q

How big is Emilia-Romagna’s wine production?

A

8% of Italian vine under production
50,000 ha
6,000,000 hl (10% of Italian wine production)

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2
Q

What is the maximum percentage of Lambrusco Salamino allowed in Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC?

A

40%

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3
Q

Pignoletto is genetically identical to which Umbrian grape?

A

Grechetto di Todi

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4
Q

What was Italy’s first white DOCG?

A

Romagna Albana DOCG

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5
Q

Which two grapes are in the blend of Gutturnio DOC?

A

Barbera and Croatina

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6
Q

Which variety of Trebbiano is the most planted white in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Trebbiano Romagnolo

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7
Q

On what grape is Romagna Cagnina DOC based?

A

Terrano

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8
Q

Why are Lambrusco di Sorbara and Lambrusco Salamino often planted together?

A

Lambrusco di Sorbara needs Salamino to act as a pollinator

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9
Q

Which variety of Malvasia is grown in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Malvasia di Candia Aromatica

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10
Q

Which Lambrusco variety produces the lightest style?

A

Lambrusco di Sorbara

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11
Q

In what region is the Fortana variety principally grown?

A

Emilia-Romagna

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12
Q

Who were the first people in Emilia-Romgana?

A

The Celts

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13
Q

When did the Romans arrive?

A

3rd & 2nd c BC

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14
Q

Who is Mario Emilio Lepido?

A

Build Via Emilia

Piacenza to Rimini

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15
Q

What are the important city

A 
Bologna
Parma
Piacenza
Modena
Reggio-Emilia
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16
Q

Who was Pippin the Short?

A

King of Franks
Asked by Holy See to fight Lombards
And defeated them and handed to Papal State

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17
Q

When was Napoléon defeated?

A

1815

Congress of Vienna returned Romagna to the church

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18
Q

When did Emilia and Romagna reunite?

A

Rejoined in 1947

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19
Q

What took place in Emilia-Romagna to enhance viticulture in the 20th?

A

Introduction of large cooperatives joining thousands of growers.

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20
Q

What is the southern most region of Northern Italy?

A

Emilia-Romagna

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21
Q

What is the northern border of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Po River, Lombardia & Veneto

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22
Q

What is the southern border of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Northern Apennines
Toscana
Republic of San Marino
Marche

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23
Q

What country borders Emilia-Romagna?

A

Republic of San Marino

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24
Q

What is the Eastern border of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Adriatic

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25
Q

What is the western border of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Liguria

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26
Q

What is the largest sub-region in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Emilia

Includes Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia, Moderna, Ferrara and most of Bologna

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27
Q

What is Bologna?

A

Administrative center

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28
Q

What provinces are in Romagna?

A

Ravenna
Forli-Cesena
Rimini

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29
Q

How is the Emilia-Romagna topology broken down?

A

48% Plains
27% Hills
25% Mountains (no vines)
Run in 3 parallel band

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30
Q

What are Po River Plains soils?

A

Alluvial
Deep and Fertile
Clay, Silt and Sand
More challenging soils = quality viticulture

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31
Q

What are the soils of the Hills in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Shallow soils

Clay, Sandstone and Marl

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32
Q

What is the climate like in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Range from Mediterranean to semi-continental to continental with alpine influences

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33
Q

What is the climate on the plains of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Continental, Hot, Humid summers, Cold winters
Driest part of region
Humidity is a challenge

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34
Q

What is the climate on the Bank of Hills for Emilia-Romagna?

A

Semi-continental
More rainfall
Cooler than plains
Fully continental with alpine influences further south in N Apennines

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35
Q

What is the climate on the coast of Emilia-Romagna?

A

Traditional Mediterranean

Small coast line so limited Adriatic influence inland

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36
Q

Does Emilia-Romagna grow more red than white?

A

A fraction more red.

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37
Q

What 2 grapes make up more than 40% of plantings?

A 
Trebbiano Romagnolo (28%)
Sangiovese (15%)
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38
Q

Do Emilia and Romagna grow the same varietals?

A

No, they historically focused on different varieties in each region

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39
Q

Where is Lambrusco found?

A

Reggio Emilia and Modena

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40
Q

Where is Ancellota grape grown?

A

Reggio Emilia
Used as a minor blending component for color
But mostly for concentrated grape must

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41
Q

Where are Barbera, Croatine/Bonarda, Malvasia di Candia Aromatica and Ortrugo grown?

A

Piacenza

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42
Q

Where is Pignoletto considered home?

A

Bologna

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43
Q

What dominates the vineyards of Romagna?

A

Sangiovese
Trebbiano Romagnolo
Simple and uncomplicated wines

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44
Q

What is considered the most important and traditional grape in Romagna?

A

Albana di Romagna

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45
Q

What are 3 important local grapes in Romagna?

A

Fortana
Terrano
Malbo Gentile

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46
Q

Where are international grapes important?

A

Hills of Piacenza
Bologna
Merlot, CabSav, Chardonnay and SavBlanc

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47
Q

Where did some of the highest quality Sangiovese clones in Toscana originate?

A

Romagna where they are considered traditional

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48
Q

What are Lambrusco style wines?

A

Common features
High Acidity
Moderate ABV
Red Fruit, Floral Aromas

49
Q

Describe Lambrusco di Sorbara

A

Most well known
Benchmark light-body style
Requires a pollinator from other Lambrusco
Lambrusco Salamino is commonly inter-planted with Sorbara
Emilia & Modena

50
Q

Describe Lambrusco Salamino

A

Most Widely planted
“Small Salami” grape clusters
Most Balance Lambrusco
Emilia & Modena

51
Q

Describe Lambrusco Grasparossa

A

2nd most widely planted
More Tanninc
Fuller Body
Emilia & Modena

52
Q

Describe Trebbiano Romagnolo

A 
White grape
Most widely planted in Emilia-Romagna
Ancient
Romagna producers make single varietal
Simple, refreshing
53
Q

Describe Albana

A 
Ancient, Native
Best white wines
Important in Romagna
Calcareous clay soils to restrict yields
Sweet wine production
Good with Noble Rot
54
Q

Grechetto Gentile (Pignoletto)

A

Ancient
Traditional to Bologna
Identical to Grechetto di Todi
Pignoletto no used to id historic growing area
High in Acidity, good for sparkling and late-harvest

55
Q

Describe Malvasia di Candia Aromatica

A

Widely grown in Emilia
Fresh, Floral
Has weight
High Quality, Versatile - still, sparkling, passito
Only Malvasia that can use “Malvasia” as a varietal
Piacenza & Parma

56
Q

Where did Sangiovese originate?

A

Southern Italy

57
Q

What is the name referring to family of distinct and native grape varieties in Emilia and Modena?

58
Q

What grape is well suited for passito production?

A

Malvasia di Candia Aromatica

59
Q

What % of total production DOC/G?

A

25%
18 DOCs
2 DOCGs
40% IGT

60
Q

What are 2 of the most productive IGTs in Emila-Romagna?

A 
dell'Emilia IGT (All of Emilia)
Rubicone IGT (Large part of Romagna)
61
Q

What is the average vineyard size?

62
Q

How many growers are in coops and what percentage of production?

A

2/3s in coops
Producing 85% of wine
Most in Lambrusco

63
Q

Where are the majority of single estates located?

A

On the hillsides

64
Q

What styles of wine does the subregion of Emilia focus?

A

Frizzante wines

With diverse appellations

65
Q

What styles of wine does the subregion of Romagna focus?

A

Still wines falling largely under Romagna DOC

66
Q

What two areas are similar in Emila and Lombardia?

A

Hills of Piacenza and Oltrepò Pavese

Similar grapes and wine style

67
Q

What reduces humidity and frost risk in Piacenza?

A

Air Circulation.
Hills are 200-500m with parallel values = meso climates
Promotes excellent air circulation reduce humidity and frost

68
Q

What type of soils are found in Piacenza?

A

Clay & marl with pockets of gravel/peppbles
Steep inclines
Hand worked vines

69
Q

What grape growing district is the largest and most productive in Emilia?

70
Q

What are the grapes grown in Piacenza?

A

Barbera, Bonarda (Croatina), Malvasia di Candi Aromatica, Ortrugo
Pinot Grigio, SavBlan, Chardonnay, Pinot Nero, CabSav

71
Q

What is the general style of the wines made in Piacenza?

A

Crisp Acidity
Straightfoward
Fizzy Style (red and white) Considered traditional
Passitos from Malvasia

72
Q

Describe Colli Piacentini DOC

A 
Umbrella appellation for native and international grapes
Off-dry Malvasia is most common
Passitos considered traditional
Vin Santo made from Malvasia and Ortrugo
red Barbera and Bonarda
Ortrugo-Colli Piacentini DOC
73
Q

Ortrugo-Colli Piacentini DOC

A

Reserved only for Ortrugo grape

74
Q

Gutturnio DOC

A

Barbera and Bonarda blend
Frizzante
dry or off-dry
Superiore, Riserva and Classico must be still and dry

75
Q

Colli di Parma

A

Several styles
Lambrusco, Barbera, Malvasia, SavBlanc
Frizzante

76
Q

What is considered a good match with Parma ham?

77
Q

What is considered the historic home of Lambrusco?

A

The Lambrusco District around Reggio Emilia and Modena

78
Q

What does the Lambrusco District border?

A

Lombardia’s Lambrusco Mantovano DOC

79
Q

What is the topology of the Lambrusco District?

A

Flat and fertile plain
Vines can be highly productive
Part of the district extends into Northern Apennines

80
Q

Describe Classic Lambrusco

A 
Pink foam when poared
Dry (off-dry)
Refreshing acidity
Bright Red Fruit
Floral Aromas, Minerality
10-12% ABV
Light Tannin
Frizzante (most) or spumante
Mostly done tank method few traditional
81
Q

Lambrusco from plains?

A

More fragrant, Fruity, Perfumed
Lighter Color and Structure
Less Acidity and Tannin

82
Q

Lambrusco from hills?

A 
Fuller Body
More Structured
Austere
Less Fruity
More Mineral, Spicy and Herbal
83
Q

How are classic style Lambrusco’s bottled?

A

DOCs use mushroom cork

84
Q

How are sweeter style Lambrusco’s bottled?

A

Usually IGT and bottled with screw cap

85
Q

Describe Lambrusco di Sorbara DOC

A 
Include Modena and the plains N/NE
60% Sorbara
<40% Salamino
Considered classic and traditional version
Most renowned
Elegant, High Acidy, Dry/Off-Dry
86
Q

Lambrusco Salamino di Santa Croce DOC

A

Around Santa Croce north of Modena
On plain
Highest production numbers of any Lambrusco
Between the other 2 Lambrusco styles

87
Q

Lamrbusco Grasparossa di Castelvetro DOC

A 
Grasparossa grape
Hills at Northern Apennines around Castelvetro
S of Modena
Fullest Body
Most Structured, Concentrated
Deep, Purple-Red Color
Higher Acidity, Noticeable Tannic grip
88
Q

What DOC is the benchmark for all Lambruscos?

89
Q

Which Lambrusco DOC has the highest production numbers?

90
Q

Which DOC produces the most structured and fullest bodied Lambrusco wine?

A

Grasparossa di Castelvetro

91
Q

What does the Bologna District cover?

A

The plains to the north and west of the city and hills in the south.

92
Q

What is the specialty in the Bologna District?

A

Grechetto Gentile (Pignoletto)

93
Q

Are international grapes important in the Bologna District?

A

Yes, producers are making distinctive bottlings

94
Q

Describe Colli Bolognesi Pignoletto DOCG

A

85% Grechetto Gentile
Frizzante, Spumante, Superiore (still only)
Classico from 95% Grechetto

95
Q

Pignoletto DOC

A

New DOC
Designed to protect & regulate Grechetto Gentile
Still, Frizzante, Spumante, Passito, Vendemmia Tardiva
3 sub-zones

96
Q

What are the 3 sub-zones of Pignoletto DOC

A

Modena
Reno
Colli d’Imola

97
Q

Where are Romagna’s appellations?

A

Run along the Via Emilia East of Bologna to Marche border

98
Q

Romagna Albana DOCG

A 
Emilia-Romagna's 1st DOCG
Italy's 1st white DOCG
From East of Bologna to Adriatic Sea
Still, full range of sweetness
Best from Bertinoro (passito)
99
Q

What is Emilia-Romagna’s 1st DOCG

A

Romagna Albana DOCG

100
Q

What is Italy’s 1st white DOCG?

A

Romagna Albana DOCG

101
Q

Describe Romagna DOC

A

Umbrella DOC 2011
Combines 5 previously independent appellations
Romagna must appear on label

102
Q

What are the Romagna sub-designations?

A
  1. Sangiovese
  2. Albana Spumante
  3. Cagnina
  4. Pagadebit
  5. Trebbiano
103
Q

Romagna Sangiovese DOC

A 
Quantitatively important
85% Sangiovese
Superiore, riserva or novello
12 delineated sub-zones requires 95% Sangiovese 
Stricter production
104
Q

Romagna Albana Spumante DOC

A

Sparkling from partially dried Albana
Tank or traditional
Identical to Romagna Albana DOCG area

105
Q

Romagna Cagnina DOC

A

Sweet Red Wine
Terrano Grape
Best consumed fresh

106
Q

Romagna Pagadebit DOC

A 
White wine
Bombino Bianco (Pagadebit)
Pay the debt
Still or frizzante
Dry or off Dry
1 subzone - Bertinoro
107
Q

What is the subzone for Romagna Pagadebit DOC

108
Q

Romagna Trebbiano DOC

A

Trebbiano Romagnolo
Still, fizzy, sparkling
Dry or off-dry
TT is ofter planed with TR and incorporated into wine

109
Q

What is Romagna’s only DOCG?

A

Romagna Albana

110
Q

What is false

a. Emilia focuses on frizzante wines
b. Romagna focuses on still wines
c. Emilia is dominated by a large umbrella appellation
d. Romagna is dominated by a large umbrella appellation

111
Q

What separates Emilia-Romagna’s band of hills from its plains?

A

Via Emilia

112
Q

What is the benchmark Lambrusco style?

113
Q

What appellation are you likely to find international grapes?

A

Colli Piacentini DOC

114
Q

What style are the wines of Gutturnio DOC?

A

Barbera and Bonarda blends

115
Q

Most widely planted white variety?

A

Trebbiano Romagnolo

116
Q

Which statements are correct?

a. ER does not border the sea it is landlocked
b. The Po River moderates and tempers ER’s climate
c. Most of ER’s vineyards are on steep slopes
d. Nearly 50% of ER region is covered by flat pains
e. Northern Apennines cut across southern ER

117
Q

What statements are correct

a. Classic Lambrusco is dry or slightly off-dry with good acidity
b. Most Lambrusco wines are made tank method
c. Most Lambrusco wines are fully sparkling
d. Most Lambruscos are high in ABV

118
Q

What style of Lambrusco to expect from Grasparossa di Castelvetro

A

Fleshy, Full Body, Tannic

119
Q

What is Calanchi?

A

Rock formations found in Romagna

IWS Unit 1 (57 decks)

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