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IWS Unit 1 > Lombardia 2 > Flashcards

Lombardia 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most populated region in Italy

A

Lombardia

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2
Q

What is the 4th largest region?

A

Lombardia

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3
Q

What is the capital of Lombardia?

A

Milano (2nd largest city)

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4
Q

Is Lombardia predominately indigenous or international

A

International

Most local lost to phylloxera

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5
Q

How far back does viticulture go in Lombardia?

A

Bronze Age

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6
Q

What people enhanced Lombardi wines in ancient times?

A

Etruscan then Romans

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7
Q

When did the Germanic Lombards arrive?

A

6th c AD

200 years

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8
Q

Who revived viticulture in the middle ages?

A

Monks

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9
Q

What influence did France have?

A

Napolean brought French grapes in the 18th c AD

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10
Q

What borders Lombardia

A

Switzerland to the north
Emili-Romagna to south
Piemonte to west
Veneto / TAA to east

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11
Q

How many sectors in Lombardia and what are they?

A

4 sectors

  1. Alpine
  2. Prealps - narrow
  3. Padana Plain
  4. Apennine foothills (SW corner)
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12
Q

Is Lombardia hilly, mountains or plains

A

Plains 47%
Mountains 41%
Hills 12%

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13
Q

What are the lakes of Lombardia?

A

Garda
Como
Maggiore
Iseo

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14
Q

What do the lakes influence?

A

Moderate diurnal temperature swings

Impacts all but southern region of Lombardia

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15
Q

What is Lombardia climate?

A

Continental
Big climate variation
Lakes, rivers, mountains, hills

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16
Q

What are the 3 climate zones of Lombardia?

A
  1. Alpine Zone - cold at altitude, less harsh in valleys
  2. Lake Zone - N Central - provide Med like influence and Prealps are in this zone
  3. Pianura Padana (Padana Plain) - S - Continental, server winters, hot summers, humid, fog in autumn. Includes Apennine Foothills
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17
Q

What is Padana Plains in Italian?

A

Pianura Padana

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18
Q

Where is the most rainfall in Lombardia?

A

Alps and Prealps

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19
Q

Where are international grapes most dominate?

A

Franciacorta

Oltrepo Pavese

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20
Q

What is Turbiana?

A

Trebbiano di Lugana
Principal white variety of Lugana DOC
17th c

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21
Q

What is Turbiana identical to?

A

Verdicchio

But different character

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22
Q

What is Turbiana character?

A 
High Quality
Perfumed
Rich, Full Body
High Acidity
Affinity for Oak
Long ageing potential
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23
Q

What is Croatina?

A

Lombardia red native
Dates to Middle Ages
Most widely planted of all Lombardi grapes
Oltrepò Pavese (Bonarda)

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24
Q

What is Croatina called in Oltrepò Pavese

A

Bonarda

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25
Q

Where is Nebbiolo dominant and what is its local name?

A

Valtellina

Chiavennasca

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26
Q

Where is the only major winegrowing area where Nebbiolo thrives and is produced in quantity?

A

Valtellina

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27
Q

What is Groppello?

A

Refers to a group of red varieties sharing similar characteristics
Groppello Gentile is the leader of the group

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28
Q

Where is Groppello planted?

A

Around Lake Garda

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29
Q

What is Groppello often used?

A

for Chiaretto Rosato

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30
Q

What is unique about Groppello Gentile?

A

Large Berries

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31
Q

What is the 2nd most planted variety in Lombardia?

A

Pinot Nero (13%)

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32
Q

Where is Pinot Nero mostly found?

A

Oltrepò Pavese
Used for traditional method sparkling
and dry version

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33
Q

What is the 3rd most planted grape?

A

Chardonnay (10%)

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34
Q

Where is Chardonnay most used?

A

Franciacorta for sparkling wines

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35
Q

Turbiana is genetically identical to

a. Pinot Grigio
b. Verdicchio
c. Vermentino
d. Trebbiano

A

b. Verdicchio

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36
Q

What is made into Chiaretto Rosato?

A

Groppello

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37
Q

Turbiana grown were?

A

Lugana DOC

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38
Q

Croatina grown were?

A

Oltrepò Pavese

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39
Q

Nebbiolo grown were?

A

Valtellina

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40
Q

Groppello grown were?

A

Lake Garda

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41
Q

Which is correct?

a. Chardonnay is widely grown in Franciacorta
b. Pinot Nero is widely grown in Oltrpò Pavese
c. Chardonnay is used only for sparkling
d. Pinto Nero is used only for dry table wine

A

a & b
Chardonnay is made in several blends
Pinto Nero is made in sparkling and dry

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42
Q

How many sub-regions present specific climate and topographical features?

A

6 sub-regions

  1. Valtellina
  2. Bergamo Hills
  3. Garda Lombardo
  4. Oltrepò Pavese
  5. Lower Lombardia
  6. Franciacorta & Brescia Hills
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43
Q

What is Lombardia’s most northerly winegrowing area?

A

Valtellina

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44
Q

Where are vineyards located in Valtellina?

A

Northern Bank of Adda River

Foothills of the Alps

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45
Q

Why is Valtellina suitable for Nebbiolo?

A

Perfect, South Facing aspect

Allows late ripening Nebbiolo

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46
Q

What is unique about Valtellina’s vineyards?

A

Limited space
Historically tiny terraces plots
700-800m

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47
Q

What are the soils of Valtellin?

A

Granitic sands
Broken schist
Alluvial material
Shallow and Poor

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48
Q

What is the breakdown of DOC/Gs in Valtellina

A

2 DOCG
1 DOC
all from Nebbiolo (Chiavennasca)

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49
Q

Where are the best Valtellina wines?

A

Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG

Nebbiolo

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50
Q

Describe Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG

A

Full Nebbiolo Clusters air dried
Dry red wine
14% min ABV
20 m ageing / 12m oak

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51
Q

Valtellina Superiore DOCG

A

90% Nebbiolo
2 years / 1y oak
Riserva requires 3 years

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52
Q

How many subzones in Vatellina Superiore DOCG?

A

5 subzones

  1. Valgella
  2. Inferno
  3. Grumello
  4. Sassella
  5. Maroggia
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53
Q

What is the largest and most eastern subzones in Vatellina Superiore DOCG?

A

Valgella

Soft, Floral and Forward

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54
Q

What subzones in Vatellina Superiore DOCG is the warmest on steep slopes?

A

Inferno “Hell”

Hotter conditions here. Steep, rocky vineyards

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55
Q

What are Vatellina Inferno wines like?

A

Most Structured, Tannic, Austere

Possess greatest ageing potential

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56
Q

What are Vatellina Grumello wines like?

A

Fragrant
Soft Tannins
Similar ageing as Inferno

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57
Q

What are Vatellina Sassella wines like?

A

Well known
Long standing renown
Elegant Nebbiolos

58
Q

What is the newest Vatellina Superiore subzone?

A

Maroggia

59
Q

What are Vatellina Maroggia wines like?

A

Velvety, firm tannins

60
Q

What is the smallest Vatellina Superiore subzone?

A

Maroggia

61
Q

What city is around Franciacorta / Brescia Hills?

A

Brescia

62
Q

What moderates the climate in Franciacorta / Brescia Hills?

A

Lake Iseo

Oglio& Mella rivers

63
Q

Who is Franco Ziliani?

A

1950s wine maker at Berlucci winery

Invented Fraciacorta

64
Q

How many villages around Fraciacorta? And the 2 most famous?

A

19 villages

Erbusco and Adro

65
Q

Describe the soils of Franciacorta / Brescia Hills?

A

Glacial Moraine
Amphitheater-gentle slopes
Mineral-rich, Sand, Silt, Gravel, Limestone
Well Drained

66
Q

What are the grapes for Franciacorta?

A

Chardonnay (dominate)
Pinot Nero
Pinot Bianco
Erbamat

67
Q

What is the 4th grape (local) added to Franciacorta?

A

Erbamat
Local
Only 10% or less (2017)

68
Q

What are the advantages of Erbamat in Franciacorta?

A

Late ripening

High acidity

69
Q

How long on lees for Franciacorta?

A

18 months

70
Q

What sparkling wine has the longest ageing non-vintage requirements in the world?

A

Franciacorta (18 months)

Champagne only 12m

71
Q

What is Millesimato?

A

Vintage

72
Q

How long to age vintage Franciacorta?

A

30 months

73
Q

How long to age riserva Franciacorta?

A

60 months

74
Q

What is Satèn?

A 
Franciacorta
Blanc-de-Blancs
Chardonnay
<5atm pressure
Brut
75
Q

What does the reduce pressure in Satèn do?

A

Softer
Creamier
Silkier mousse

76
Q

How long must Satèn be aged?

A

24 months on lees

77
Q

What is required in Franciacorta Rosato?

A

min 35% Pinot Nero

24 months ageing.

78
Q

What wines of Franciacorta?

A 
Spumante traditional
Vintage and non-vintage
Satèn - blanc-de-blancs
Riserva
Rosato
79
Q

What is the smallest DOCG in Italy?

A

Moscato di Scanzo DOCG

80
Q

What does Moscato di Scanzo DOCG produce and where is it located?

A

Bergamo Hills
Very sweet red passito
grape: Muscato di Scanzo rare

81
Q

What rare grape is found in Bergamo Hills surrounding Scanzorosciate? (NE of Bergamo)

A

Muscato di Scanzo

82
Q

Where does Muscato di Scanzo have historically great reputation?

A

Scanzorosciate

83
Q

How is Muscato di Scanzo vinified?

A 
Fully ripe
No Noble Rot
Picked October by hand
Air Dried 3 weeks+
Most dry until December
Wine aged 2 years
84
Q

What is the largest most productive sub-region in Lombardia?

A

Oltrepò Pavese

85
Q

Where is Italy’s strong hold for Pinot Nero

A

Oltrepò Pavese

86
Q

Where is Oltrepò Pavese?

A

SW corner of Lombardia
South of Po River
Foothills of N Apennines
Borders Piemonte (W) & Emilia-Romagna (E)

87
Q

What does Oltre Po mean?

A

Beyond the river Po

88
Q

What is unique about Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico?

A

Focuses primarily on Pinot Nero (70%)

89
Q

What are the soils of Oltrepò Pavese?

A

Cool limestone-based hills

90
Q

What other grapes than Pinot Nero can blend with Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Bianco
Pinot Grigio
Max 30%

91
Q

Ageing for vintage and non-vintage Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico?

A 
Vintage = 24m
Non = 15m
92
Q

What is the brand name for Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico Rosé?

A

Cruasé

93
Q

What deos Cruasê represent?

A

Best rosato in Oltrepò Pavese

94
Q

What area does Bonarda dell’Oltrepò Pavese DOC cover?

A

The entire Oltrepò Pavese sub-region

95
Q

Bonarda dell’Oltrepò Pavese DOC primary grape?

A

Croatina (Bonarda)

96
Q

Bonarda dell’Oltrepò Pavese DOC blending grapes?

A

Barbera
Uva Rara

Ughetta

97
Q

Bonarda dell’Oltrepò Pavese DOC style?

A

Still
Vivace (Lively)
Frizzante (most common)

98
Q

Bonarda dell’Oltrepò Pavese DOC Character?

A

Quite Tannic (Croatina)
Finished with residual sugar to offset tannins and bitterness
Dry is common

99
Q

Buttafuoco DOC was once a sub-zone of?

A

Oltrepò Pavese

100
Q

Where is Buttafuoco DOC?

A

NE par of subregion Oltrepò Pavese

In classic area for reds

101
Q

What is the primary grape and blending partners for Buttafuoco DOC?

A

Croatina & Barbera

Blending = Uva Rara Ughetta

102
Q

Where is Garda Lombardo?

A

West side of Lake Garda

Brescia province

103
Q

What influences Garda Lombardo?

A

Lake Garda

104
Q

What are the soils of Garda Lombardo?

A

North - Calcareous clay
South - Glacial Moraine
Both shallow and well drained

105
Q

Riviera del Garda Classico DOC was once…..

A

Riviera del Garda Bresciano DOC

106
Q

What does Riviera del Garda Classico DOC incorporate?

A

Classico zone of Garda DOC and Valtènesi DOC as sub-zone

Valtènesi no longer exists as DOC

107
Q

What is Riviera del Garda Classico DOC primary grape?

A

Groppello

108
Q

What are other styles of Riviera del Garda Classico DOC?

A

Groppello varietal
Groppello- rosso and rosato (Chiaretto)
Bianco - Riesling/Riesling Italico

109
Q

What is Chiaretto?

A

Traditional name for rosatos are Lake Garda

110
Q

Lugana DOC

A

Turbiana (90%)
South side Lake Garda
Inter-regional (Lombardia & Veneto)
Most Distinctive white in Lombardia

111
Q

What is the most distinctive white found in Lombardia? And what is the grape?

A

Lugana DOC

Turbiana

112
Q

Which of the following is not a subzone of Vatellina?

a. Inferno
b. Grumello
c. Valgella
d. Valcalepio

A

d. Valcalepio

113
Q

Which statement is false?

a. Vineyards in Valtellina are terraced
b. Valtellina has fertile alluvial soil
c. Nebbiolo is the primary grape in Valtellina
d. Valtellina vineyards face south

A

B. Valtellina soils are granite and schist

114
Q

Wines of Buttafuco DOC area.

a. Blends of Croatina and Barbera
b. Dry whites from Turbiana
c. Dry reds from Pinot Nero
d. Sparkling wines based on Pinot Nero

A

a. Blends Croatina and Barbera

115
Q

Which river borders Lombardia and Emilia-Romgana?

A

Po River

116
Q

Which Statement is correct?

a. Franciacorta is made via traditional method
b. Franciacorta is primarily a still wine
c. Franciacorta is via ancestral method
d. Franciacorta is via tank method

A

a. Traditional

117
Q

What was the first DOCG given for traditional sparkling?

A

Franciacorta DOCG

118
Q

Which appellation is shared between Lombardia and Veneto?

A

Garda DOC

119
Q

Which statement is false?

a. Lugana Riserva is aged for 24m
b. Lugana DOC is entirely within Lombardia’s border
c. Lugana DOC must include 90% Turbiana
d. Lugane Superiore is aged 12 m

A

b. Lugana is southern Lake Garda and shares Veneto and Lombardia

120
Q

Which statement is false?

a. Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico produces Chardonnay based sparkling
b. Oltrepò Pavese is Lombardia’s largest sub-region
c. Buttafuoco was previously a subzone of Oltrepò Pavese
d. Oltrepò Pavese is Lombardia’s largest producer of bulk wine

A

a. Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico produces Pinot Nero based sparkling

121
Q

What grape is known as Bonarda in Oltrepò Pavese?

A

Croatina

122
Q

What is the name of the smallest DOCG in Italy?

A

Moscato di Scanzo DOCG

123
Q

What is the predominant grape in Oltrepò Pavese sparkling wine?

A

Pinot Nero

124
Q

What is the name of the most recent subzone of Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

A

Maroggia

125
Q

What are the four major lakes of Lombardia?

A

Iseo, Garda, Como and Maggiore

126
Q

Which river runs through Valtellina?

A

Adda

127
Q

What is Nebbiolo called in Valtellina?

A

Chiavennasca

128
Q

Franciacorta is located just South of which lake?

A

Lake Iseo

129
Q

What is the name of the largest subzone of Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

A

Valgella

130
Q

Grumello is a subzone of what appellation?

A

Valtellina Superiore DOCG

131
Q

What is the minimum percentage of Nebbiolo in Valtellina Superiore DOCG?

A

90%

132
Q

What is the minimum lees aging required for vintage Franciacorta?

A

30 months

133
Q

Which lake is Lugana DOC located on?

A

Lake Garda

134
Q

Define “Chiaretto”.

A

A term for rosato style used in specific appellations around Lake Garda

135
Q

What is the name of the DOC that uses Lambrusco in Lombardia?

A

Lambrusco Mantovano DOC

136
Q

What are the two principal grape varieties of Buttafuoco DOC?

A

Croatina and Barbera

137
Q

What is the minimum lees aging required for Franciacorta Rosé?

A

24 months

138
Q

What is “Satèn”?

A

A brut style of Blanc de Blancs made with lower pressure

139
Q

What style of wine is Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?

A

Nebbiolo-based wine made via the appassimento process

140
Q

What grape is known as Bonarda in Oltrepò Pavese?

A

Croatina

141
Q

What still wine DOC covers the same geographic area as Franciacorta?

A

Curtefranca DOC

142
Q

What is Curtefranca?

A

Appellation name for still wines after Franciacorta once covered both but until 1995 could make still, red and sparkling. Now only sparkling

IWS Unit 1 (57 decks)

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