Lombardia 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the most populated region in Italy
A
Lombardia
2
Q
What is the 4th largest region?
A
Lombardia
3
Q
What is the capital of Lombardia?
A
Milano (2nd largest city)
4
Q
Is Lombardia predominately indigenous or international
A
International
Most local lost to phylloxera
5
Q
How far back does viticulture go in Lombardia?
A
Bronze Age
6
Q
What people enhanced Lombardi wines in ancient times?
A
Etruscan then Romans
7
Q
When did the Germanic Lombards arrive?
A
6th c AD
200 years
8
Q
Who revived viticulture in the middle ages?
A
Monks
9
Q
What influence did France have?
A
Napolean brought French grapes in the 18th c AD
10
Q
What borders Lombardia
A
Switzerland to the north
Emili-Romagna to south
Piemonte to west
Veneto / TAA to east
11
Q
How many sectors in Lombardia and what are they?
A
4 sectors
- Alpine
- Prealps - narrow
- Padana Plain
- Apennine foothills (SW corner)
12
Q
Is Lombardia hilly, mountains or plains
A
Plains 47%
Mountains 41%
Hills 12%
13
Q
What are the lakes of Lombardia?
A
Garda
Como
Maggiore
Iseo
14
Q
What do the lakes influence?
A
Moderate diurnal temperature swings
Impacts all but southern region of Lombardia
15
Q
What is Lombardia climate?
A
Continental
Big climate variation
Lakes, rivers, mountains, hills
16
Q
What are the 3 climate zones of Lombardia?
A
- Alpine Zone - cold at altitude, less harsh in valleys
- Lake Zone - N Central - provide Med like influence and Prealps are in this zone
- Pianura Padana (Padana Plain) - S - Continental, server winters, hot summers, humid, fog in autumn. Includes Apennine Foothills
17
Q
What is Padana Plains in Italian?
A
Pianura Padana
18
Q
Where is the most rainfall in Lombardia?
A
Alps and Prealps
19
Q
Where are international grapes most dominate?
A
Franciacorta
Oltrepo Pavese
20
Q
What is Turbiana?
A
Trebbiano di Lugana
Principal white variety of Lugana DOC
17th c
21
Q
What is Turbiana identical to?
A
Verdicchio
But different character
22
Q
What is Turbiana character?
A
High Quality Perfumed Rich, Full Body High Acidity Affinity for Oak Long ageing potential
23
Q
What is Croatina?
A
Lombardia red native
Dates to Middle Ages
Most widely planted of all Lombardi grapes
Oltrepò Pavese (Bonarda)
24
Q
What is Croatina called in Oltrepò Pavese
A
Bonarda
25
Where is Nebbiolo dominant and what is its local name?
Valtellina
| Chiavennasca
26
Where is the only major winegrowing area where Nebbiolo thrives and is produced in quantity?
Valtellina
27
What is Groppello?
Refers to a group of red varieties sharing similar characteristics
Groppello Gentile is the leader of the group
28
Where is Groppello planted?
Around Lake Garda
29
What is Groppello often used?
for Chiaretto Rosato
30
What is unique about Groppello Gentile?
Large Berries
31
What is the 2nd most planted variety in Lombardia?
Pinot Nero (13%)
32
Where is Pinot Nero mostly found?
Oltrepò Pavese
Used for traditional method sparkling
and dry version
33
What is the 3rd most planted grape?
Chardonnay (10%)
34
Where is Chardonnay most used?
Franciacorta for sparkling wines
35
Turbiana is genetically identical to
a. Pinot Grigio
b. Verdicchio
c. Vermentino
d. Trebbiano
b. Verdicchio
36
What is made into Chiaretto Rosato?
Groppello
37
Turbiana grown were?
Lugana DOC
38
Croatina grown were?
Oltrepò Pavese
39
Nebbiolo grown were?
Valtellina
40
Groppello grown were?
Lake Garda
41
Which is correct?
a. Chardonnay is widely grown in Franciacorta
b. Pinot Nero is widely grown in Oltrpò Pavese
c. Chardonnay is used only for sparkling
d. Pinto Nero is used only for dry table wine
a & b
Chardonnay is made in several blends
Pinto Nero is made in sparkling and dry
42
How many sub-regions present specific climate and topographical features?
6 sub-regions
1. Valtellina
2. Bergamo Hills
3. Garda Lombardo
4. Oltrepò Pavese
5. Lower Lombardia
6. Franciacorta & Brescia Hills
43
What is Lombardia's most northerly winegrowing area?
Valtellina
44
Where are vineyards located in Valtellina?
Northern Bank of Adda River
| Foothills of the Alps
45
Why is Valtellina suitable for Nebbiolo?
Perfect, South Facing aspect
| Allows late ripening Nebbiolo
46
What is unique about Valtellina's vineyards?
Limited space
Historically tiny terraces plots
700-800m
47
What are the soils of Valtellin?
Granitic sands
Broken schist
Alluvial material
Shallow and Poor
48
What is the breakdown of DOC/Gs in Valtellina
2 DOCG
1 DOC
all from Nebbiolo (Chiavennasca)
49
Where are the best Valtellina wines?
Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG
| Nebbiolo
50
Describe Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG
Full Nebbiolo Clusters air dried
Dry red wine
14% min ABV
20 m ageing / 12m oak
51
Valtellina Superiore DOCG
90% Nebbiolo
2 years / 1y oak
Riserva requires 3 years
52
How many subzones in Vatellina Superiore DOCG?
5 subzones
1. Valgella
2. Inferno
3. Grumello
4. Sassella
5. Maroggia
53
What is the largest and most eastern subzones in Vatellina Superiore DOCG?
Valgella
| Soft, Floral and Forward
54
What subzones in Vatellina Superiore DOCG is the warmest on steep slopes?
Inferno "Hell"
| Hotter conditions here. Steep, rocky vineyards
55
What are Vatellina Inferno wines like?
Most Structured, Tannic, Austere
| Possess greatest ageing potential
56
What are Vatellina Grumello wines like?
Fragrant
Soft Tannins
Similar ageing as Inferno
57
What are Vatellina Sassella wines like?
Well known
Long standing renown
Elegant Nebbiolos
58
What is the newest Vatellina Superiore subzone?
Maroggia
59
What are Vatellina Maroggia wines like?
Velvety, firm tannins
60
What is the smallest Vatellina Superiore subzone?
Maroggia
61
What city is around Franciacorta / Brescia Hills?
Brescia
62
What moderates the climate in Franciacorta / Brescia Hills?
Lake Iseo
| Oglio& Mella rivers
63
Who is Franco Ziliani?
1950s wine maker at Berlucci winery
| Invented Fraciacorta
64
How many villages around Fraciacorta? And the 2 most famous?
19 villages
| Erbusco and Adro
65
Describe the soils of Franciacorta / Brescia Hills?
Glacial Moraine
Amphitheater-gentle slopes
Mineral-rich, Sand, Silt, Gravel, Limestone
Well Drained
66
What are the grapes for Franciacorta?
Chardonnay (dominate)
Pinot Nero
Pinot Bianco
Erbamat
67
What is the 4th grape (local) added to Franciacorta?
Erbamat
Local
Only 10% or less (2017)
68
What are the advantages of Erbamat in Franciacorta?
Late ripening
| High acidity
69
How long on lees for Franciacorta?
18 months
70
What sparkling wine has the longest ageing non-vintage requirements in the world?
Franciacorta (18 months)
| Champagne only 12m
71
What is Millesimato?
Vintage
72
How long to age vintage Franciacorta?
30 months
73
How long to age riserva Franciacorta?
60 months
74
What is Satèn?
```
Franciacorta
Blanc-de-Blancs
Chardonnay
<5atm pressure
Brut
```
75
What does the reduce pressure in Satèn do?
Softer
Creamier
Silkier mousse
76
How long must Satèn be aged?
24 months on lees
77
What is required in Franciacorta Rosato?
min 35% Pinot Nero
| 24 months ageing.
78
What wines of Franciacorta?
```
Spumante traditional
Vintage and non-vintage
Satèn - blanc-de-blancs
Riserva
Rosato
```
79
What is the smallest DOCG in Italy?
Moscato di Scanzo DOCG
80
What does Moscato di Scanzo DOCG produce and where is it located?
Bergamo Hills
Very sweet red passito
grape: Muscato di Scanzo rare
81
What rare grape is found in Bergamo Hills surrounding Scanzorosciate? (NE of Bergamo)
Muscato di Scanzo
82
Where does Muscato di Scanzo have historically great reputation?
Scanzorosciate
83
How is Muscato di Scanzo vinified?
```
Fully ripe
No Noble Rot
Picked October by hand
Air Dried 3 weeks+
Most dry until December
Wine aged 2 years
```
84
What is the largest most productive sub-region in Lombardia?
Oltrepò Pavese
85
Where is Italy's strong hold for Pinot Nero
Oltrepò Pavese
86
Where is Oltrepò Pavese?
SW corner of Lombardia
South of Po River
Foothills of N Apennines
Borders Piemonte (W) & Emilia-Romagna (E)
87
What does Oltre Po mean?
Beyond the river Po
88
What is unique about Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico?
Focuses primarily on Pinot Nero (70%)
89
What are the soils of Oltrepò Pavese?
Cool limestone-based hills
90
What other grapes than Pinot Nero can blend with Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico?
Chardonnay
Pinot Bianco
Pinot Grigio
Max 30%
91
Ageing for vintage and non-vintage Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico?
```
Vintage = 24m
Non = 15m
```
92
What is the brand name for Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico Rosé?
Cruasé
93
What deos Cruasê represent?
Best rosato in Oltrepò Pavese
94
What area does Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC cover?
The entire Oltrepò Pavese sub-region
95
Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC primary grape?
Croatina (Bonarda)
96
Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC blending grapes?
Barbera
Uva Rara
| Ughetta
97
Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC style?
Still
Vivace (Lively)
Frizzante (most common)
98
Bonarda dell'Oltrepò Pavese DOC Character?
Quite Tannic (Croatina)
Finished with residual sugar to offset tannins and bitterness
Dry is common
99
Buttafuoco DOC was once a sub-zone of?
Oltrepò Pavese
100
Where is Buttafuoco DOC?
NE par of subregion Oltrepò Pavese
| In classic area for reds
101
What is the primary grape and blending partners for Buttafuoco DOC?
Croatina & Barbera
| Blending = Uva Rara Ughetta
102
Where is Garda Lombardo?
West side of Lake Garda
| Brescia province
103
What influences Garda Lombardo?
Lake Garda
104
What are the soils of Garda Lombardo?
North - Calcareous clay
South - Glacial Moraine
Both shallow and well drained
105
Riviera del Garda Classico DOC was once.....
Riviera del Garda Bresciano DOC
106
What does Riviera del Garda Classico DOC incorporate?
Classico zone of Garda DOC and Valtènesi DOC as sub-zone
| Valtènesi no longer exists as DOC
107
What is Riviera del Garda Classico DOC primary grape?
Groppello
108
What are other styles of Riviera del Garda Classico DOC?
Groppello varietal
Groppello- rosso and rosato (Chiaretto)
Bianco - Riesling/Riesling Italico
109
What is Chiaretto?
Traditional name for rosatos are Lake Garda
110
Lugana DOC
Turbiana (90%)
South side Lake Garda
Inter-regional (Lombardia & Veneto)
Most Distinctive white in Lombardia
111
What is the most distinctive white found in Lombardia? And what is the grape?
Lugana DOC
| Turbiana
112
Which of the following is not a subzone of Vatellina?
a. Inferno
b. Grumello
c. Valgella
d. Valcalepio
d. Valcalepio
113
Which statement is false?
a. Vineyards in Valtellina are terraced
b. Valtellina has fertile alluvial soil
c. Nebbiolo is the primary grape in Valtellina
d. Valtellina vineyards face south
B. Valtellina soils are granite and schist
114
Wines of Buttafuco DOC area.
a. Blends of Croatina and Barbera
b. Dry whites from Turbiana
c. Dry reds from Pinot Nero
d. Sparkling wines based on Pinot Nero
a. Blends Croatina and Barbera
115
Which river borders Lombardia and Emilia-Romgana?
Po River
116
Which Statement is correct?
a. Franciacorta is made via traditional method
b. Franciacorta is primarily a still wine
c. Franciacorta is via ancestral method
d. Franciacorta is via tank method
a. Traditional
117
What was the first DOCG given for traditional sparkling?
Franciacorta DOCG
118
Which appellation is shared between Lombardia and Veneto?
Garda DOC
119
Which statement is false?
a. Lugana Riserva is aged for 24m
b. Lugana DOC is entirely within Lombardia's border
c. Lugana DOC must include 90% Turbiana
d. Lugane Superiore is aged 12 m
b. Lugana is southern Lake Garda and shares Veneto and Lombardia
120
Which statement is false?
a. Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico produces Chardonnay based sparkling
b. Oltrepò Pavese is Lombardia's largest sub-region
c. Buttafuoco was previously a subzone of Oltrepò Pavese
d. Oltrepò Pavese is Lombardia's largest producer of bulk wine
a. Oltrepò Pavese Metodo Classico produces Pinot Nero based sparkling
121
What grape is known as Bonarda in Oltrepò Pavese?
Croatina
122
What is the name of the smallest DOCG in Italy?
Moscato di Scanzo DOCG
123
What is the predominant grape in Oltrepò Pavese sparkling wine?
Pinot Nero
124
What is the name of the most recent subzone of Valtellina Superiore DOCG?
Maroggia
125
What are the four major lakes of Lombardia?
Iseo, Garda, Como and Maggiore
126
Which river runs through Valtellina?
Adda
127
What is Nebbiolo called in Valtellina?
Chiavennasca
128
Franciacorta is located just South of which lake?
Lake Iseo
129
What is the name of the largest subzone of Valtellina Superiore DOCG?
Valgella
130
Grumello is a subzone of what appellation?
Valtellina Superiore DOCG
131
What is the minimum percentage of Nebbiolo in Valtellina Superiore DOCG?
90%
132
What is the minimum lees aging required for vintage Franciacorta?
30 months
133
Which lake is Lugana DOC located on?
Lake Garda
134
Define "Chiaretto".
A term for rosato style used in specific appellations around Lake Garda
135
What is the name of the DOC that uses Lambrusco in Lombardia?
Lambrusco Mantovano DOC
136
What are the two principal grape varieties of Buttafuoco DOC?
Croatina and Barbera
137
What is the minimum lees aging required for Franciacorta Rosé?
24 months
138
What is "Satèn"?
A brut style of Blanc de Blancs made with lower pressure
139
What style of wine is Sforzato di Valtellina DOCG?
Nebbiolo-based wine made via the appassimento process
140
What grape is known as Bonarda in Oltrepò Pavese?
Croatina
141
What still wine DOC covers the same geographic area as Franciacorta?
Curtefranca DOC
142
What is Curtefranca?
Appellation name for still wines after Franciacorta once covered both but until 1995 could make still, red and sparkling. Now only sparkling
