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IWS Unit 1 > Fruili Venezia Giulia 2 > Flashcards

Fruili Venezia Giulia 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the northernmost appellation of Friuli Venezia Giulia?

A

Ramandolo DOCG

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2
Q

What is the meaning of the grape name Tazzelenghe?

A

Tongue cutter

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3
Q

What was Friuli Venezia Giulia’s first DOCG?

A

Ramandolo DOCG

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4
Q

What colour is the grape variety Terrano?

A

Red

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5
Q

What are the names of the two subzones of Friuli Isonzo DOC?

A

Rive Alte and Rive di Giare

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6
Q

What is the grape variety in Ramondolo DOCG?

A

Verduzzo Giallo

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7
Q

What style of wine is produced as Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Sweet wines

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8
Q

Which variety of Malvasia most often found in Friuli?

A

Malvasia Istriana

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9
Q

What was varietal Friulano labeled as until 2007?

A

Tocai Friulano

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10
Q

From where does Pignolo get its name?

A

Pigna (pine cone)

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11
Q

What are the two sub varieties of Verduzzo Friulano?

A

Verduzzo Giallo and Verduzzo Verde

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12
Q

Schioppettino is also known as?

A

Ribolla Nera

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13
Q

In which geographic area of Friuli Venezia Giulia is Vitovska grown?

A

Carso

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14
Q

Define “Pastini”.

A

The typical terraced vineyards of Carso

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15
Q

What country borders Friuli on its eastern side?

A

Slovenia

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16
Q

From where does Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso get its name?

A

From the stalk that becomes red when the grapes are ripe

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17
Q

The grape Picolit is most often used in the production of what style of wine?

A

Sweet passito wines

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18
Q

Friulano is genetically identical to what grape variety?

A

Sauvignonasse

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19
Q

What is the “Bora”?

A

The cold, strong eastern wind that affects Friuli Venezia Giulia
Winds up to 150km/hr

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20
Q

What soil type characterizes the Carso plateau?

A

Limestone

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21
Q

“Ponca” is a local name for what soil type?

A

Flysch of Cormons

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22
Q

Where is the birthplace of modern Italian wine making?

A

Fruili 1960s
Clean, Fresh and Fruity
Based on single varietal local native/int grapes
That have been growing since 1800s

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23
Q

What are hallmarks of Friuli wines?

A 
Aromatic purity
Clean varietal
Depth
Complexity
Structure
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24
Q

What are considered Italy’s best white appellations?

A

Collio
Friuli Colli Orientali
Friuli Isonzo (up and coming)

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25
Q

What are the 2 historic Friulian sweet wines?

A

Picolit

Ramandolo

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26
Q

When did vine growing start in Friuli

A

Well before the Romans

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27
Q

When did Friuli become an important center for wine production?

A

Romans founded Aquileia in 181 BC

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28
Q

What Friulian wine was preferred by Cesar’s wife, Livia Augusta?

A

Pucinum

Linked to Refosco

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29
Q

When did NW Friuli become independent?

A

1077ad
Patriarchate of Aquileia
And incorporated in Venezia 1420

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30
Q

Who took over control of the Eastern part of Friuli?

A

Austro-Hungarian Empire
Eventually all of Friuli is absorbed
Region wine prospered

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31
Q

What happened in 1861?

A

Friuli West and central became part of Kingdom of Italy
Venezia-Giulia stayed with Austria until after WW1
Joined Italy in 1919

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32
Q

What happened in 1963?

A

FVG given Autonomy

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33
Q

Where is FVG located?

A

Between Alps (N) and Adriatic
Austria is the Northern Border
Veneto to West
Slovenia to East

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34
Q

How many FVG provinces and what are they?

A

4 provinces

  1. Poredenone
  2. Udine
  3. Gorizia
  4. Trieste (capital)
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35
Q

How is FVG topographically divided?

A

4 Belts Run Parallel

  1. Alps/Pre Alps - no wine (42%)
  2. Eastern Hills - Best wine growing
  3. Central Alluvial Plain
  4. Lower Coastal Plain
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36
Q

What are the soil types of FVG?

A
  1. Plains (High / L Coastal) - sand, clay, gravel
  2. E Hills - Flysch of Cormons alternating layers sandstone, calcareous marl, well drained, quality
  3. Carso - Limestone Plateau
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37
Q

What are the soils in FVG Low Coastal Plain

A

More fertile
Sand, Clay, Gravel
Less well-drained due to high clay

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38
Q

What are the soils in FVG High Central Plain

A

Sand, clay, gravel

Extremely permeable high gravel

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39
Q

What are the soils in FVG Eastern Hills

A 
Alternating Sandstone, calcareous marl
Poor
Well-drained
Friable (crumbly)
Flysch of Cormons (Ponca)
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40
Q

What are the soils of Carso in FVG?

A

Iron rich sand and clay topsoil

Limestone Plateau

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41
Q

What is the climate in FVG?

A 
Alps protects from cold N winds
Sea moderates
Mild, Temperate climate
Would have been full Continental
Airflow from Alps and Sea
Lower humidity, mitigated summer heat
Lots of rain
Bora winds in winter
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42
Q

What are the important rivers in FVG?

A

Livenza
Tagliamento
Isonzo
Natisone

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43
Q

Describe the areas

a. Alps
b. Eastern Hills
c. Central Plains
d. Lower Coastal Plain

A

a. Alps - No vines grown
b. Eastern Hills - most suitable for vineyards
c. Central Plains - Large, fertile area
d. Lower Coastal Plain - Faces Lagoon

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44
Q

Describe area with soil

a. Eastern Hills
b. Central Plains
c. Carso Plateau

A

a. Eastern Hills - sandstone & marl “Ponca”
b. Central Plains - Fertile mix of sand, clay, gravel
c. Carso Plateau - Limestone subsoil topped with iron-rich sand and clay

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45
Q

Which grapes dominate FVG white or red

A

White 70%

Red are increasing in importance

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46
Q

Describe FVG indigenous grapes?

A

Most are ancient

Not grown anywhere else in Italy

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47
Q

What are the common International grapes in FVG?

A

Pinot Grigio, Pinot Bianco
Chardonnay, SavBlanc
Merlot, CabFranc
all since 1800s

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48
Q

What are the German grapes in FVG?

A

All intro in 1500s
Riesling, Müller Thurgau
Welscheriesling, Blaugrankisch
Minor roles today

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49
Q

What FVG grapes have Slovenian/Croatian influence?

A

Vitovska
Terrano
Malvasia Istriana

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50
Q

Describe Friulano

A

Tocai Friulano (changed name)
DNA - Sauvignonasse (Gironde native)
Considered traditional white
3rd most planted (8%)

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51
Q

What grape did EU force to change its name Tocai at the request of Hungary’s Tokaji?

A

Friulano

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52
Q

What is Tai or Tai Bianco

A

Friulano in Veneto

Identical to Sauvignonasse

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53
Q

Describe Ribolla Gialla?

A 
Ancient (13th) white
Slovenian border
town of Oslavia its traditional home
Fell out of favor '90s.
Now FVG's most distinctive wine
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54
Q

Describe Malvasia Istriana

A 
Maybe from Istria in NW Croatia
Grown in FVG since 13th c AD
Finest examples of dry Malvasia
E Fruili or Casro - best
Labeled "Malvasia"
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55
Q

Describe Picolit

A 
Ancient since Romans
Sweet white wines
Town of Rosazzo (place of origin)
Grape Shatter leaves sparse bunches (fewer/smaller berries)
Tiny yields
Sweet, Elegant, Complex
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56
Q

Describe Vitovka

A

Slavic Origin
Considered native to Friuli & Slovenia
Historically Carso
Saved in 1980 from extinction

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57
Q

Describe Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso

A 
Ancient Red Native FVG
Finest of Refrosco Group
"from Red Stem"
Widely grown
2 styles - light or bold
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58
Q

Describe Schioppettino

A 
Called Ribolla Nera
Ancient and FVG native
13th AD
Hard to grow
Recused in '70s
Deep Color, Flowers, Black Fruity
Dense, Structured, High Acid/Tannin
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59
Q

FVG Pinot Grigio

A 
Most widely planted FVG
Most simple style
Best similar to Alsace Pinot Gris
Rich, Round, Full Body
Floral, Nutty
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60
Q

Describe FVG Sauvignon Blanc

A

Called Sauvignon
Some of best
Racy, Clean, Fruit Purity
Citrus to Peachy-Tropical

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61
Q

Describe FVG Merlot

A

2nd most widely planted
Intro in late 1800s
Adapted to gravel soils
FVG 1 of Italy’s top Merlot producers

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62
Q

Who is Mario Schiopetto?

A 
FVG Modern White Wine '60s
Temp Control, No MLF
Stainless
Refridgerators
Pneumatic pressing
Steril bottling
no O2
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63
Q

Where did Orange wine originate?

A

Josko Gravner & Stanko Radkin

Pioneers of Orange wine

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64
Q

Who introduced amphorae for Orange wines?

A

Josko Gravner

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65
Q

What are Super Whites?

A

Vintage Tunina
Complex blend of native and international whites
Blending to make the best “Super Whites”

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66
Q

What is Vintage Tunina

A

Created by producer Jermann
Super whites - blend of native/international
Complex, Structured

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67
Q

How can Vintage Tunina (Super Whites) be classified?

A
  1. Stainless ferment - Intensely aromatic, racy

2. Barrel Ferment - Depth, complexity, aged, use late harvest

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68
Q

Who has the most modern and technologically advanted wineries in Italy?

A

Collio

Colli Orientali del Friuli

69
Q

Which Italy region is amongst the highest DOC production?

A

FVG (40%)
IGT (60%)
23,000 ha total

70
Q

What is the profile of most vineries in FVG?

A

Family owned
2.5 ha on average
few coops/minor role

71
Q

How many DOC/Gs are in Friuli?

A

12 DOCs
4 DOCGs
Most tend to be small size
Only Friuli Grave DOC is large

72
Q

What is the largest DOC in Friuli?

A

Friuli Grave DOC

73
Q

What is common amongst the DOCs in Friuli?

A

Wide range of local and international grapes

Means DOCs subdivided by single varieties

74
Q

What is the new regional DOC?

A 
Friuli DOC 
Overlaps all DOC/Gs of the region
Wide range styles/grapes
Varietal, bianco, rosso, spumante
Local and international grapes
75
Q

What is a law in Friuli for Ribolla Gialla?

A

Can only Spumante

76
Q

Can any DOC/G declassify?

A

Yes to Friuli DOC

77
Q

What are the 3 subregions of FVG?

A
  1. Central Plains
  2. Coastal Plains
  3. Eastern Friuli
78
Q

How is Friuli Grave DOC’s previously and currently referred?

A

Previously Grave del Friuli

Today - Mostly Grave

79
Q

How much production does Friuli Grave DOC contribute to FVG?

80
Q

Where is Friuli Grave DOC located?

A

Central Plain FVG
Alluvial Plains
Veneto Border to Eastern Friuli
Bisected by Tagliamento River

81
Q

What is FVG largest & most important river and what does it bisect?

A

Tagliamento River

Friuli DOC

82
Q

What is the main grape of Friuli DOC?

A 
Red mostly
#1. Merlot
#2. CabFranc
#3. Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
#4. CabSav
Large proportion is Bulk but also HQ varietals or blends
83
Q

What is the climate in Friuli DOC?

A

Given large size, big climate variations
North is cooler due to Alps
South is warmer from Adriatic

84
Q

What are the soils of Friuli Grave DOC?

A 
Sand and Gravel
Excessively well drained
Irrigation is necessary
More gravel in north
Finer soils in south
most sand, silt, clay in south
85
Q

Where is irrigation important in FVG?

A

Friuli Grave DOC

Well drained soils

86
Q

What are the white grapes of Fruili Grave DOC?

A 
Produced fresh, aromatic
#1. Friulano
#2. Pinot Bianco
#3. Verduzzo Friulano
#4. Pinot Grigio
#5-7 Pinto Grigio, Chardannay, SavBlanc
87
Q

What white wines do well in Fruili DOC’s gravely soils?

A

SavBlanc

Pinot Bianco

88
Q

What is unique about Lison DOCG?

A 
It is inter-regional on Central Plain
Veneto-FVG (mostly Veneto)
Friulano-based whites
Crisp, Mineral
White Flowers/Green Fruit
Distinct Almond finish
89
Q

What are 3 DOC on the Coastal Plain facing the Adriatic?

A

Friuli Latisana DOC
Friuli Annia DOC
Friuli Aquileia DOC
All small

90
Q

Where is Eastern Friuli?

A

Strip of land running parallel to Slovenian border

Unique Identity

91
Q

What moderates the climate in Eastern Friuli?

A

Julian Alps blocks north winds

Adriatic moderates temperature swings

92
Q

How is Collio DOC also known?

A

Collio Goriziano DOC

93
Q

When did Collio DOC begin viticulture?

A

Pre Romans

94
Q

Where does Collio DOC lie?

A

Gorizia Province
Eastern Friuli
Along Slovenian Border
20k from Adriatic

95
Q

How are the vines planted in Collio DOC?

A

South facing
Benefit from Sea Breezes
Receive cool mountain air

96
Q

What is politically unique about Collio DOC?

A

Vineyard split after WW2
Some in Slovenia
Producers crossing border can still use Colliio DOC

97
Q

What does “Ronchi” (plural of ronco) mean?

A

Well exposed, terraced sites

Used for names of estates, vineyards or wines in Friuli

98
Q

What does collio mean for Collio DOC?

A

Hillside
The appelation has round, south facing slopes
Steep hills
Hand harvest

99
Q

What are the soils of Collio DOC?

A

Flysch of Cormons
Alternating sandstone and marl
Steep hills
Hand harvest

100
Q

How big is Collio DOC in Friuli?

A

3rd largest

101
Q

What is the breakdown of red/white in Collio DOC?

102
Q

What are the most well-known subzones of Collio DOC?

A

Capriva
Oslavia
San Floriano del Collio

103
Q

What are the styles of Collio DOC wines?

A

Great diversity

Varietals to Super Whites produced under Collio Bianco DOC

104
Q

What is the most planted white grapes in Collio DOC?

A 
#1 Pinot Grigio
#2 Sauvignon
#3 Friulano
105
Q

Though small, what is the most planted red grapes in Collio DOC?

A 
#1 Merlot
#2 CabFranc
#3 CabSav
106
Q

Collio DOC’s best varietals?

A 
Sauvignon
Friulano
Ribolla Gialla
Pinot Grigio
Malvasia
107
Q

What is Friuli Colli Orientali DOC often called?

A

Colli Orientali DOC

108
Q

What does Friuli Colli Orientali DOC produce?

A

Some of the finest red and white wines

109
Q

Where is Friuli Colli Orientali DOC?

A

North of Collio DOC and can be considered an extension of the Collio Hills
Borders Friuli Grave to W
Collio DOC to S

110
Q

Why are Collio DOC and Friuli Colli Orientali DOC split?

A

Similar land and climate, the division was political
Friuli Colli Orientali DOC was part of Italy 19th c
Collio joined after WW1

111
Q

What does Colli Orientali mean?

A

“Eastern Hills”

And DOC is on Eastern Prealps foothills

112
Q

What is the 2nd largest DOC in Friuli?

A

Friuli Colli Orientali DOC

113
Q

What city lies at the production center of Friuli Colli Orientali DOC?

114
Q

Describe Friuli Colli Orientali Bianco DOC white wines

A

Most widely planted Friulano

Some of finest Super Whites produced here

115
Q

What is the most widely planted grape in Friuli Colli Orientali DOC?

116
Q

Where is the classic area for Friuli Colli Orientali DOC Red Wines?

A

Southern area between
Buttrio, Cividal and Manzano
Warm growing conditions with sea breezes

117
Q

What can Friuli Colli Orientali Rosso DOC produce?

A

red blends both native and international

118
Q

What are the local single varietal red grown in Friuli Colli Orientali DOC?

A

Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
Schioppettino
Tazzelenghe
Pignolo

119
Q

What grapes can Friuli Colli Orientali Rosso DOC use?

A

Both native and international

Any proportion

120
Q

What are the subzones of Friuli Colli Orientali DOC?

A

Cialla - Ribolla Gialla, Verduzzo Friulano, Refosco, Schioppettino
Rosazzo - Pignolo, Ribolla Gialla
Faedis - Refosco Nostrano
Prepotto - Schioppettino

121
Q

How many DOCGs lie within Friuli Colli Oriental DOC?

122
Q

What are the DOCGs that lie within Friuli Colli Oriental DOC?

A

Ramadolo
Picolit
Rosazzo

123
Q

Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOC

A 
Sweet wine from Picolit 
Grape used by Romans
Perusini family saved (20th)
Revived again '60s
Legendary 
Highly sought after
Small production
124
Q

Where is Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOC?

A

Covers exact same production region as Friuli Colli Orientali DOC

125
Q

How is Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOC made?

A

Appassimento
85% Picolit
1 year aged in small oak

126
Q

What subzone has stricter production rules for Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit DOC?

A 
Cialla (north of Prepotto)
100% Picolit
Higher ABV
2 years aged
Riservas require 4 years
127
Q

Where is Ramandolo DOCG

A

Small area NE FVG
Udine Provine
Covers northern tip of Friuli Colli Orientali
Ramandolo, Nimis & Tarcento

128
Q

What are the towns around Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Ramandolo
Nimis
Tarcento

129
Q

What was the 1st appellation in Friuli to receive DOCG status?

A

Ramandolo DOCG

130
Q

Ramandolo DOCG grape

A 
Verduzzo Giallo (100%)
also known as Ramandolo
131
Q

What is unique about the vineyards of Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Surrounded by forests
Small terraces carved from steep, south slopes
Amphitheater 250-400m
Coolest

132
Q

What is the coolest winegrowing area in Friuli?

A

Ramandolo DOCG

133
Q

What are the soils of Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Marl

Poor nutrient they can only grow grapes here

134
Q

How do they pick the grapes and vinify in Ramandolo DOCG?

A

Hand picked
Late November
Extra ripe or shriveling
Appassimento afterward

135
Q

Where is Rosazzo DOCG?

A

Small region around Abbey of Rosazzo (10th AD)

Sourhern Friuli Colli Orientali

136
Q

What does Rosazzo DOCG produce?

A

White blend of Friulano with Sauvignon, Pinot Bianco, Chardonnay and Ribolla Gialla

137
Q

What is the style of Rosazzo DOCG?

A

Medium-Full Body
Floral, Nutty, Spicy
Structure
Age potential

138
Q

Where is Friuli Isonzo DOC?

A

SE of Friuli on Flat Plain

Runs along Isonzo River South of Collio DOC

139
Q

What is special about Friuli Isonzo DOC?

A

A promising DOC

Potential to match Collio & Colli Orientali

140
Q

Where does the Isonzo River originate?

A

Slovenia
Runs south
Cuts the Isonzo in half diagonally

141
Q

What is the climate of Friuli Isonzo DOC?

A

Cool, dry Bora from the Balkans alternates with the warmer Adriatic sea breezes creating a meso-climate
Abundant sun shine
Wide diurnal temps er slow ripening
Wines complex with High acid

142
Q

What are the 2 subzones of Friuli Isonzo DOC?

A 
Rive Alte (North or Right Bank)
Rive di Giare (South or Left Bank)
143
Q

What is soil difference between Rive Alte and Rive di Giare?

A 
Rive Alte (Right Bank) - red gravel and clay, left fertile
Rive di Giare (Left Bank) - white gravel, limestone, sandy
144
Q

What is climate difference between Rive Alte and Rive di Giare?

A 
Rive Alte (Right Bank) - cooler, conditions so mostly white
Rive di Giare (Left Bank) - closer to sea so warmer
145
Q

What is considered better Rive Alte and Rive di Giare?

A

Rive Alte - best white vineyards

146
Q

What can be used on Friuli Isonzo Rive Alte labels?

A 
Mostly white
Friulano,
Pinot Grigio
Chardonnay
Sauvignon
Merlot
147
Q

What can be used on Friuli Isonzo Rive di Giare labels?

A 
Lower and flatter, more fertile
Pinot Grigio
Malvasia Istriana
Refosco dal Peduncolo Rosso
Merlot
148
Q

What are the majority white styles of wine Friuli Isonzo DOC?

A

Varietal

  1. Sauvignon
  2. Friulano
  3. Pinot Grigio
  4. Malvasia Istriana
149
Q

What are the majority red styles of wine Friuli Isonzo DOC?

A 
Varietal
Merlot
Refosco dal Peduncolo
CabFranc
CabSav
150
Q

Where is Carso DOC?

A

Covers the Carso Plateau
Strip of chalky-limestone bordering Slovenia
Gulf of Triest

151
Q

What are Carso DOC’s influences?

A

Italian and Slovenian

152
Q

What are the vineyards like in Carso DOC?

A

On limestone plateau
Hard to work
Little space/small plots
Steep terraces (Pastini) 200-500m

153
Q

What is often grown with Carso DOC grapes?

154
Q

Carso DOC wine production

A

Small with growing rep

155
Q

What are the native grapes in Carso DOC?

A

Vitovska (white)

Terrano (red)

156
Q

What is the lead grape for Carso/Carso Rosso

157
Q

What appellation is known for sweet wines from Verduzzo Giallo?

A

Rammandolo DOCG

158
Q

Which appellation is known for white blends based on Friulano?

A

Rosazzo DOCG

159
Q

Which appellation is known for quality Pinot Grigio and Sauvignon?

160
Q

What grape included Tokai in its name?

161
Q

Picolit is prone to grape shatter which results in:

a. Tiny yields of larger, more tannic grapes
b. Large yields of large, sweeter grapes
c. Normal yields of smaller, more acidic grapes
d. Tiny yields of smaller, sweeter grapes

A

d. Tiny yields of smaller, sweeter grapes

162
Q

Which statement is correct?

a. red varieties dominate Friuli’s vineyards
b. International varieties were planted before phylloxera
c. Friuli ripped out all Germanic varieties after unification
d. Friuli’s native varieties are planted all over Italy

A

b

a. whites dominate
c. Germanic grapes are grown but very small amount
d. most native grapes only grow in Friuli

163
Q

What vineyards are interspersed with Magredi?

A

Friuli Grave

Magredi are flat expanses where low grasses grow on arid beds of gravel and pebbles

164
Q

What are Magredi?

A

Magredi are grassy, flat expanses where low grasses grow on arid beds of gravel and pebbles

165
Q

Name the appellations where vineyards are terraced

A

Carso
Collio
Friuli Colli Orientali
Ramandolo

166
Q

Which is correct?

a. FVG is one of the driest Italian regions
b. Most FVG are planted to red
c. FVG is autonomous
d. Some of FCG appellations include vineyards in Slovenia

167
Q

What style would you expect from a Ramandolo?

A

Sweet passito based on Verduzzo Giallo

168
Q

Which FVG DOCG does not lie within Friuli Colli Orientali?

a. Lison
b. Ramamdolo
c. Rosazzo
d. Picolit

IWS Unit 1 (57 decks)

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