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FWS tb > Soils > Flashcards

Soils Flashcards

1
Q

South of Villefranche-sur-Saône and the Nizerland River

A

Clay
Limestone
Fruity wines

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2
Q

Saône Plain.

A

Pierres Dorées (Golden Stones)
Broken yellow limestone
Fruity wines

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3
Q

Diorite

A

Volcanic soils in Côte de Brouilly AOC & Broilly AOC
Spice and Pepper quality

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4
Q

What is Tufeau?

A

Turonian Chalk or White Chalk - Cretaceous Period 90m years olf
Centre Loire
Used for châteaux of Loire

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5
Q

Soils of Anjou-Saumur

A

West - Dark Schist and Sandstone
East - Tuffeau - White Chalk

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6
Q

Perruches

A

Stony, Flinty clays (aubuis) found in Valençay AOC
Vourvray
Montlouis
Eastern Touraine

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7
Q

Where can you find Portlandian and Kimmeridgean Marl?

A

Chablis

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8
Q

What soils do you find Grand Cru, Premier Cru and Chablis AOC planted in?

A

Kimmeridgean Marl
soft limestone-clay
160m years
Small comma shaped oyster

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9
Q

What are Kimmeridgean soils and impact on wine?

A

Soft limestone-rich clay
160m years
Zesty, High Acidity, Mineral
Chablis Grand Crus

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10
Q

What are Portlandian soils and impact on wine?

A

Harder clay and no fossils
Plateaus in Chablis
More exposed
Lighter, fruity with more acid, less mineral
Petit Chablis AOC (some Chablis AOC)

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11
Q

Soils of the Côte de Nuits

A
  1. Sedimentary Limestone
  2. Limestone-Rich Marl - heavier clay-like marl good for red
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12
Q

Soils of the Côte de Beaune

A
  1. Limestone-Rich Marl - heavier clay-like marl good for red
  2. Limestone - lighter good for whites eg Meursault, Chassagne, Puligny
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13
Q

Soils of the Côte Chalonnaise

A
  1. Limestone-Rich Marl most has this same as Beaune
  2. Sandy Marl - From Givry south more like Mâconnais
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14
Q

The Soils of Mâconnais

A
  1. Limestone-Rich Marl (160-220m) Oldest in Bourgogne
  2. Granite and Schist - Beaujolais type soils only found here in all of Bourgogne
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15
Q

In the Mâconnais what is planted on 90% of the limestone?

A

Chardonnay

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16
Q

What are “colluvial” soils?

A

Soils formed by slope wash.

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17
Q

What are “alluvial” soils?

A

Soils formed by river deposits.

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18
Q

What type of soil covers much of Roussillon?

Soils grapes grow?

A

An iron-rich, sandy, red, water-retaining clay

Enormously diversed
Limestone, black schist, granite, gneiss, gray schist, galets, sandstone, shale, quartz, yellow clay, marble and sand and

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19
Q

In Jurançon, the sandy-clay soils are dotted with galets. What are they known as locally?


A

Poudingues

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20
Q

Alsace Soils Lower Foothills

A

Limestone
Calcareous Sandstone
Marl Sandstone
Marly Limestone
Marly Clay
Calcareous-Marl Sandstone

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21
Q

Alsace Vosges lower slope soils

A

Granite
Schist
Volcanic
Sandstone

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22
Q

Alsace Soils - Rhine Plain

A

Alluvial
Loam / Loess (wind blown silt and sand)
Valley Floor Colluvial

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23
Q

What is a “Graben”

A

Geologically-speaking, a graben is a trench that has sunk between two parallel fault lines.

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24
Q

N Rhône soils

A

Granite and mica schist sands

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25
Q

Hermitage Rhône

A

Clay and sand

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26
Q

Crozes-Hermitage

A

Galets, clay and windblown loess/molasse

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27
Q

S Rhône soils types

A

5 principal
1. gallets (rounded river stones)
2. Garrique (limestone)
3. Sandstone
4. Clay
5. Loess/Molasse (windblown silts and sands)

28
Q

Loess/Molasse

A

Windblown silts and sands found in Rhône in Alsace Rhine Plain

29
Q

Garrique

A

Limestone found in Rhône, Languedoc, Provence

30
Q

In Beaujolais, what are weathered feldspars, micas, quartz and other minerals known as?

A

Arène or gorrhe

31
Q

What are the Pierres Dorées?

A

“Golden Stones” of broken yellow limestone.

Beaujolais

32
Q

Which compound gives the Pierres Dorées their distinctive color?

A

Iron-oxide

“Golden Stones” of broken yellow limestone.

Beaujolais

33
Q

The finest wines of Beaujolais are produced in the northern part of the region. What is the dominant soil type there?

34
Q

Beaujolais Cru with highest concentration of sand?

A

Régnié Cru - newest and sand makes quicker ripening

35
Q

What is Maquis?

A

Maquis is a similar aromatic, resinous scrub to garrigue, but this mix of herbs and shrubs grows on acidic, quartz-rich schist.

36
Q

What is Garrique?

A

Garrigue – a term that refers to the aromatic, resinous herbs that grow upon alkaline soils – is found growing on limestone soils.

The word can refer to the limestone soil itself, or the herbs and scrub vegetation that grow on it. It is also used to describe the fragrance of those herbs and even the aromas of the wines that are grown in these soils.

37
Q

What are the steep terraced soils found in Banyul AOC Roussillon

38
Q

Soils of Champagne?

A

Chalk
Limestone marl
Sand and Clay

39
Q

What is Chalk

A

porous limestone - sedimentary rock from calcium carbonate
High in acid

40
Q

What are the 2 types of Chalk in Champagne

A

Belemite - fossilized dart like squid
Micraster - fossilized sea urchin

41
Q

What are Crayères?

A

Old quarries dug out of limestone used for cellars in Champagne

42
Q

What is the dominant fossil found in Belemnite chalk?

A

Ancient dart-like relatives of the modern-day squid.

43
Q

What is Kimmeridgean Marl?

A

A limestone-rich clay whose dominant fossil is Exogyra virgula, a small comma-shaped oyster.

44
Q

Gravel impacts

A

Warm quickly
Firm tannins and structure

45
Q

Sandy soils impact

A

More opulent, soft fruit forward

46
Q

Limestone impact

A

Pronounced acidity, lean, polished tannins

47
Q

Bordeaux Left Bank Soils

A

Warm —> gravel / sand

48
Q

Bordeaux Right Bank

A

Cool soils —> clay / limestone. Iron rich

49
Q

Cool soils impact

A

Slows ripening

50
Q

Clay impact

51
Q

Boulbénes

A

Fronton AOC
Sandy clay soils.

52
Q

Caillottes

A

Small Limestone pebbles

Central Loire

53
Q

Arène

A

Gorrhe
Sandy soils - feldspars
Micas, quartz
N Beaujolais

54
Q

Aubis

A

Clay / limestone

Touraine

55
Q

Central Loire main soil limestone rich Portlandian marl pebbles?

And what does it to do with wine?

A

Caillottes

Perfume
Mature quickly

56
Q

What is Central Loire main soil Kimmeridgean marl rich in Oyster fossils ?

What does it do to wine?

A

Terres blanches. (Clay and limestone)

Powerful
Ageable

57
Q

What is Central Loire main soil Flinty clay?

What does it do to wine?

A

Flint (silex)
clay with flint (Argiles à silex)

Gunflint

58
Q

What is one of the Central Loire main soils without unique local names?

A

Sand and gravel (Quincy
AOC)

59
Q

Soils of Sancerre AOC

A

Argiles à silex (gin flint)

Caillottes (perfume, mature quick)

Terres blanches (powerful age-able)

60
Q

Soils of Pouilly Fumé AOC

A

Sancerre AOC + some sands

61
Q

Soils of Menetou-Salon AOC

A

Same as Sancerre AOC

62
Q

Jura soils similar to?

A

Côte d’Or but 20% limestone and 80% clay

63
Q

Red Marl in Jura is good for which variety?

A

Red grapes

64
Q

Gravel in Jura is good for which variety?

A

Trousseau
Pinot Noire

65
Q

Jura blue/gray males are good for which variety ?

A

Savagnin
Paulsard

66
Q

Jura blue/gray males are good for which variety ?

A

Savagnin
Paulsard

FWS tb (46 decks)

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