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Provence Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

Palette AOC rules require grapes to be hand harvested and sorted.

A

True

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2
Q

What variety is the dominant grape used in the reds and roses of Bandol?

A

Mourvedre

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3
Q

What AOC in Provence is known for organic and biodynamic viticutlure?

A

Les Baux de Provence AOC

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4
Q

Which is the smallest AOC in Provence and its most famous Chateau Simone is responsible for the half of its total production?

A

Palette AOC

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5
Q

What are real issues associated with climate change in Provence?

A

Heat waves that are accompanied by warm or hot nights.

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6
Q

The wines produced in this Provence AOC are more similar in style to the wines of the Rhone Valley and permitted grape varieties generally mirror those found there.

Name the AOC

A

Pierrevert AOC

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7
Q

What is the most significant IGP in Provence and also the multi regional IGP shared with the Rhone Valley and Corsica?

A

The Mediterranean IGP

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8
Q

Which DGC of Cotes de Provence - the only one of the five that produces not only Reds and Roses but also White Wines?

A

Cote de Provence La Londe

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9
Q

Where in Provence was France’s largest cork-producing areas in the past?

A

Massif des Maures

They are planting a single row of trees midst the vineyards to create shade as well.

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10
Q

True or False

Palette Reds and Roses must include Mourvedre in the blends.

A

True

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11
Q

Which was the first AOC recognized in Provence?

A

Cassis AOC in 1936

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12
Q

What is the percentage of Rose wine production in Provence?

A

90%

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13
Q

For Rose, does Direct Press craft pale or saturated color wines?

A

Direct Prss = Pale wines

Saignee = More Satirated

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14
Q

What is the aging requirment for Cotes de Provence Frejus?

A

6 months in oak barresl

Only be released after October 15 of the year following the harvest

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15
Q

Which grape variety is blended with Clairette in the white wine of Cassis?

A

Marssane

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16
Q

Which grape variety is unique to Bellet AOC where it is used in reds and roses?

A

Braquet Noir

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17
Q

Other than La Londe, in the other four DGCs of Cotes de Provence, which AOC any white wines produced must be labeled to meet the the rules?

A

Cotes de Provence AOC

(without the DGC listed)

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18
Q

What is the primary white grape of Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence?

A

Vermentino (Rolle)

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19
Q

True or False

Any of authorized white grapes can be used with no restrictions for Cotes de Provence White wines.

A

True

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20
Q

As of 2019 what is the percentage of production of all Provence wine by Cotes du Provence AOC?

What is the percentage of Rose production in Cotes de Provence?

A
  • 72%
  • 91%
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21
Q

What is the most significant IGP in Provence?

Which wine regions does the multi region IGP is shared with?

A
  • Mediterranee IGP
  • Rhone Valley
  • Corsica
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22
Q

Which three AOCs claim 96% of all wine production in provence with the 90% of this being Rose?

A
  • Cotes de Provence AOC
  • Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOC
  • Coteaux Varois en Province AOC
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23
Q

Which variety is unique to Bellet AOC where it is used in Reds and Roses?

A

Braquet Noir

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24
Q

Which two AOC were the second and third to be awarded the designation in 1941?

What was the fourth AOC in Provence awarded in 1948?

A

Bandol AOC / Bellet AOC

Pallette AOC

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25
Q

Are higher acidity Roses more or less Pink?

Are lower acidity Roses more Salmon or Less?

A
  • More Pink = Higher Acidity
  • More Salmon color = Lower Acidity
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26
Q

What variety is the dominant red grape in Provence’s Rose Blends?

A

Grenache

Its thin skin and light color make it perfect for Rose.

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27
Q

Which appellation is known as a strong hold of organic and biodynamic viticulture in provence?

A

Les Baux-en-Provence

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28
Q

Which AOCs/DGCs (3) mandate oak aging for their red wines?

A
  • Cotes de Provence AOC Frejus
  • Bandol AOC
  • Palette AOC
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29
Q

Does lower acidity tend to be more pink or salmon in color for Rose?

A

Lower acidity = More Salmon color

Higher acidity = More Pink

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30
Q

What area of Provence was once one of the France’s largest cork forests?

A

Massif des Maures

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31
Q

Which DGC of Côtes de Provence is allowed to make white wine under its designation?

A

La Londe

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32
Q

What are 9 AOCs in Provence?

A
  1. Cotes de Provence AOC
  2. Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOC
  3. Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC
  4. Cassis AOC
  5. Bandol AOC
  6. Les Baux de Provence AOC
  7. Palette AOC
  8. Bellet AOC
  9. Perrevert AOC
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33
Q

Define Vins de Gastronomie

A

Gastronomic Wine, deeper in color, fuller bodied and more structured. Meant to be drunk with food.

Might be made from more select grapes and/or free-run juice alone. May alos be aged in oak and Vin de Garde - wines for aging for reds wine.

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34
Q

Which grape variety brings delicate color, red fruit and floral notes to Provence’s reds and roses?

A

Cinsaut (Cinsault)

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35
Q

What is the the focus of harvesting in Provence?

A

Retention of acidity.

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36
Q

What is pivotal to producing quality rose wine?

A

Picking ripe fruit (without green notes) that still possesses vibrant acidity.

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37
Q

Who introduced Cabernet Sauvginon to Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence after World War II?

A

Georges Brunet (owner of Bordeaux’s Chateau La Lagune)

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38
Q

Does shorter or longer maceration time extract more color?

A

Longer maceration time extracts more color

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39
Q

What are the top three grape varieties planted in Provence today (2017)?

A
  1. Grenache (38%)
  2. Cinsaut (19%)
  3. Syrah (16%)
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40
Q

Which AOC in Provence is at higher eleveation on chalky clay soil producing higher acid fresh and delicate wines due to its continental influences?

A

Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC

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41
Q

List factors that the Rose wine depends on (7)

A
  • The Grapes used
  • Ripeness of the vintage
  • Temperature of the grapes at harvest
  • Winemaking method
  • Lenth of maceration
  • Oxygen exposure
  • Soil Type
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42
Q

Which is the second largest AOC Provence wine appellation?

A

Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence

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43
Q

Which training system older vines are planted?

Which system newer vineyards are trained?

A
  • Gobelet
  • Guyot
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44
Q

Do warm grapes bleed more or less color into the juice during vinification?

A

More color

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45
Q

Which AOC has its northern portion to experience continental influences in addition to its otherwise Mediterranean climate?

A

Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC

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46
Q

True or False

White and Red wines of Provence are blends of different grape varieties, vinified separately and blend them together to make the finished wine.

A

True

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47
Q

What are three most planted grape varieties in Cotes du Provence AOC (as of 2017)?

A
  • Grenache
  • Cionsaut
  • Syrah
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48
Q

True or False

Most AOCs specify a blend in their rules and allow a prescribed percentage of white grapes to be co-fermented with the red grapes.

A

True

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49
Q

Cassis AOC White wine requires 30–80% of this grape and at least of the total must be of the two grapes including this grape.

Name two grape varieties

A
  • Marsanne: 30-80%
  • Marsanne and Clairette: at least 60% of the total
50
Q

Name primary soil types in Eastern and Western Provence and related vegetation.

A
  • Western mountain ranges - limestone and clay
  • Eastern area - Quartz rich schist
  • Two types of vegetaion:
  • Garrigue - Aromatic, resinous herbs that grow upon alkaline soils - found growing on limestone soils
  • Maquis - Similar aromatic resinous scrub to garrigue but his mix of herbs and shrubs grows on acidic quartz rich schist
51
Q

Which AOC has its vineyards sheltered from the Mistral by Massif des Calanques?

A

Cassis AOC

52
Q

What organic initiative is mitigating hydric stress in Provence?

A

Planting rye grass as cover crops and once they start to compete with the vines for water, they are cut and left as mulch to prevent soil moisture from evaporating.

53
Q

Also known as Rolle, this grape variety is a primary whtie grape in the majority of Provencal whites.

It can also be used as a blending partner in Provence’s Roses.

A

Vermentino

54
Q

What are two very Distinct styles the wines are produced in Provence?

A
  • Vins de Soif
  • Vins de Gastronomie
55
Q

Which AOC has a famous producer Chateau Simone which is responsible for about half of the AOC’s total production?

A

Palette AOC

56
Q

What white grape variety is either primary or secondary grape variety in every Provence AOC including Cassis?

57
Q

Does Direct Press create delicate, pale colored Roses or powerful deep colored Roses?

A

Delicate Pale Colored Roses

58
Q

What is the northernmost AOC in Provence?

A

Pierrevert AOC

59
Q

Give two factors that provide a Rose more of an Orange color

A
  • Oxygen exposure
  • Volcanic soils such as found around the Massif de L’Eserel between Frejus and Cannes
60
Q

Which AOC in Provence has nearly 75% of production being Red and Rose with all grapes hand harvested?

Its vineyars faing south toward the sea for the red, supported by low man made stone walls called Restanques.

The AOC only covers hillside vineyards.

A

Bandol AOC

61
Q

Does Saignee give deeper or lighter colored Roses?

A

Deeper colored Rose

62
Q

Which is the only AOC in Provence that permits the use of Chardonnay?

A

Bellet AOC

The AOC does not allow Bordeaux grapes however

63
Q

Which small AOC is located on both sides of the Arc River, just east of Aix-en-Provence?

A

Palette AOC

64
Q

As well as Cotes de Province and its five DGCs, how many AOCs does Provence contain?

65
Q

How many DGCs in Cotes du Provence?
List the DGCs.

A

Five

  • Sainte-Victoire
  • Frejus
  • La Londe
  • Notre-Dame des Anges
  • Pierrefeu
66
Q

What are the primary red varieties used in Bellet/Vin de Bellet AOC red wines?

A
  • Branqutte Noir
  • Fuella Nera
67
Q

Which DGC is the only one DGC in Cotes de Provence to be allowed to use carbonic maceration?

A

Sainte-Victoire

68
Q

What is the smallest AOC by size in Provence?

69
Q

True or False

Volcanic soils will produce Rose with more orange tones.

70
Q

White Cassis must include 30-80% of this variety and at least 60% of the total must be ths variety and/or Clairettte. Name the variety.

71
Q

What is the maximum percentage Mourvedre can contain in Bandol Reds and Roses?

A

95% in the blend

Grenache and Cinsaut usually complete the mix

72
Q

Who was Fredeic Mistral?

A

He was a champion of the Occitan/Provencal language.

73
Q

Which two DGCs in Cotes de Provence required to age their Red wines till October 15 of the year following the harvest whereas the others are aged until August 15?

A
  • Frejus
  • Pierrefeu
74
Q

Which grape variety Bellet AOC’s Rose wines are mostly made?

A

Braquet Noir

75
Q

Due to its relative high elevation the Rose wines from this AOC boasts fresh if not piquant acicity with more reserved fruit character than other Provence AOCs.

A

Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC

76
Q

True or False

No Sparkling or Sweet Wine is made under the current AOC rules in Provence.

77
Q

Define Marquis

A

A mix of resinous herbs that grows on schist soils

78
Q

What year the Provence classificaiton system was implemetned and how many classes are?

A

In 1955

Originally 23 estates were given Cru Classe but currently 18 as the five are no longer producing wines.

It has not been modified nor revised since.

79
Q

What is the maximum percentage of white grapes that Cotes de Provence Rose can contain up to ?

80
Q

Which three AOCs specifies a requirement for oak aging in their AOC rules for red wines?

A
  • Cotes de Provence AOC Frejus
  • Bandol AOC
  • Palette AOC
81
Q

What is the minimum aging requirement for Bandol Reds?

A

18 months in oak

82
Q

This appellation has strong alpine influences and the diurnal temperature swings here are the greatest of all of Provence.

Name the appellation.

A

Pierrevert AOC

83
Q

Which AOC is the only one in Provence that produces more white wine (71%) than red or rose?

What are two primary white grapes used in the AOC?

A

Cassis AOC

Clairette

Marsanne

84
Q

Some winemakers to add flavors and complexity by carefully timed harvests.

List three charactes to bring in by having separate harvests.

A
  • Acidity
  • Ripe fruity aroma
  • Higher Sugar and Structure
85
Q

What is the maximum percentage of white grapes in Cassis Rose wines?

86
Q

What is “Baou”?

A

Rocky outcrop in Provencial term

87
Q

How was the classificaiton in Provence classified and how many classes are there?

A

Classified based on estates and there is only one class - Cru Classe.

However the classification is based on the vienyards origianlly awarded so the estates cannot add new areas.

88
Q

What are two main soil types found in Provence?

A
  • Calcareous limestone
  • Quartz-rich schist
89
Q

What color of Rose will Syrah and Mouvedre craft?

What color of Rose will Tibourren produce?

A
  • Pink
  • Salmon
90
Q

Where can Vignerons of Provence pull water from if required?

A

The Canal de Provence

91
Q

What is Restanques?

A

Low man made stone walls supporting terraces of Bandol AOC

92
Q

How many communes are in Cotes de Provence AOC?

A

84 Communes

93
Q

True or False

No Sparkling or Sweet Wines are made under current AOC rules.

94
Q

This AOC is unique in that it is the only appellation in Provence to produce more white wines (71%) than Red or Rose.

A

Cassis AOC

95
Q

What is Vin Cuit?

A

Sweet wine never commercially produded.

Made by cooking grape must for 10 hours over an open file to concentrate suge.

Matured in barrel for an year to be drunk on Christmas Eve with friends.

96
Q

What top Three Provence AOCs in terms of production?

A
  1. Cotes du Provence AOC
  2. Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOC
  3. Coteaux Varois en Provence AOC
97
Q

This AOC is one of Provence’s oldest vine growing regions and was thriving until phylloxera arrived.

When the vineyards were replanted, Mourvedre emerged as the cornerstone of the region’s newfound success.

What is the AOC?

A

Bandol AOC

98
Q

True or False

The harvest parameters for rose are more in line with those for white wine production.

99
Q

Which AOC in Provence is farmed 100% organically biodynamically or using Lutte Raisonnee?

A

Les Baux de Provence AOC

100
Q

What is Aging requirement for Bandol Red?

What is the percentage of primary grape for its red wine?

A
  • 18 months in oak
  • No more than 95% Mourvedre with Grenache and Cinsault usually complet the mix
101
Q

Which AOC is heavily influenced by the Mistral?

A

Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence

102
Q

True or False

Provence Rose may be direct press or saignee method but wines must be fermented dry.

103
Q

Define Vins de Soif

A

Thirst quneching wine - light-bodied crisp and refreshin g. Intended to be drunk as an apertif.

May be made from vineyards with higher yields, the reds might be made with shorter maceration times and all colors will generally be made without oak.

104
Q

What color of Rose do Syrah and Mourvedre produce?

What color of Rose does Tibouren produce?

A
  • Pink wines
  • Salmon
105
Q

Red Vins de Gastromie may be also called for this name.

A

Vin de Garde - Wine for Aging

106
Q

Which AOC includes its area adjacent to Val d’Enifer (Hell Valley)?

A

Les Baux-de-Province

The limstone hills are rich in Bauxite and. very hot.

107
Q

What two AOCs in Provence mandate hand harvesting?

A
  • Bandol AOC
  • Palette AOC
108
Q

How many AOCs in Provence?

109
Q

What is a flute a corset (or skittle)?

A

It is an iconic bottle symbol of Provencal Rose.

It was designed and copyrighted by Syndicat de Defense des Cotes de Provence in 1960s.

It is so called Skittle as it is similar in shape to a bowling pin in England.

110
Q

What is “Baou”?

A

In Provence, it is a rocky outcrop,

The name of town, Les Baux-de-Provence derives from it.

111
Q

Vermentino is the dominant grape in this AOC’s white wines.

Name the AOC

A

Bellett AOC

112
Q

What are two primary white grapes used in Cassis AOC?

A
  • Marsanne
  • Clairette
113
Q

This AOC in Provence has stong Alpine influence with averation elevation at 1500 ft/450 m.

Its wine styles resembles more of Rhone Valley.

A

Pierrevert AOC

114
Q

What are special about the following:

  • Barbaroux
  • Clairette Rose
  • Terret Gris
A

All three are authozied for use in Provence.

Mostly in the small AOC of Palette.

115
Q

This AOC has its vineyards surround Nice on the banks of the Var River on elelvation between 660-990 ft/200-300 m.

Vermention is by far most dominant white variety.

Red grapes are Branquet Noir, Fuella Nera.

A

Bellet AOc

116
Q

The vines of this AOC are wedged between the sea and the Massif des Calanques which are high deeply creviced limestone cliffs that shelter the vineyards from the Mistral.

A

Cassis AOC

117
Q

Three AOCs account for 96% of Provence’s production.

Name the three AOCs

A
  • Cotes de Provence AOC (69%)
  • Coteaux d’Aix-en-Provence AOC (16%)
  • Coteaux Varois en Province AOC (11%)
118
Q

Which wine style is most predominant in Coteaux d’Axis-en-Provence?

A

85% Rose (in 2019)

119
Q

Which Provence AOC is known for Vin Cuit?

A

Palette AOC

120
Q

Which three DGCs of Cotes de Provence must be aged till August 15 of the year following the harvest for the reds?

Which two DGCs of Cotes de Provence must be aged till October 15 of. the year following the harvest for the reds?

A
  • Aged till August 15 - Sainte-Victoire / La Londe / Notre-Dame des Anges
  • Aged till October 15 - Frejus / Pierrefeu
121
Q

Grenache, current primary grape, constitued only 4% of the plantings in 1961.

Which three grape varieties made up 81% of plantings then?

A
  • Carignan
  • Ugni Blanc
  • Clairette

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