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Beaujolais Flashcards

1
Q

What were the 5 subregions of Grande Bourgogne pre-French Revolution?

A
  1. Chablis
  2. Côte d’Or
  3. Chalonnaise
  4. Máconnais
  5. Beaujolais
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2
Q

What happened after the French Revolution?

A

France divided into
1. regions
2. départements

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3
Q

Where does Beuajolais sit in the départements?

A

Divided between.
1. Saône et Loire
2. Rhône-Alpes

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4
Q

Do wine regions correspond with administrative boundaries?

A

No
eg Beaujolais split between Loire and Rhône départements

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5
Q

What are the 2 organizations that promote Bourgogne and Beaujolais?

A
  1. BIVB - Burea Interprofessionnel de Vins be Bourgogne
  2. Inter Beaujolais
    Operate independently
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6
Q

Can Beaujolais grapes be used in regional Bourgogne AOC?

A

Certain communities in Beaujolais are allowed except for Bourgogne Aligoté (phased out in 2035)

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7
Q

How and when did Beaujolais set itself apart?

A

Carbonic maceration
1950s

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8
Q

Who created carbonic maceration?

A

Jules Chauver

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9
Q

Why did Jules Chauver invent carbonic maceration?

A

Wanted to make it easy to identify color.

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10
Q

When was the peak for Beaujolais Nouveau?

A

1999

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10
Q

Who invented the INAO / ISO glass for tasting?

A

Jule Chauver (carbonic maceration fame)

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10
Q

Who is the father of natural wines?

A

Jules Chauver (carbonic maceration fame)

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11
Q

When was Beaujolais Nouveau (carbonic maceration) 1st introduced?

A

1951

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12
Q

Where is Beaujolais experimental station for Gamay?

A

Château de l’Éclair
-Has over 1000 Gamay variants

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13
Q

How many soil variations in Beaujolais?

A

over 300

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14
Q

What type of wine has gained in popularity in Beaujolais?

A

Rosé increasing 35% since 2015

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15
Q

Who 1st planted vineyards?

A

The Romans

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16
Q

Who was named for Mont Brouilly?

A

Roman Brulius

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17
Q

What Beaujolais Crus is named after Cesar?

A

Juliénas

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18
Q

What is vin primeur?

A

Lyonnais tradition to celebrate end of harvest season by drinking Beaujolais

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19
Q

Why is Gamay suits for Beaujolais Nouveau?

A

Soft fruitiness and low tannins

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20
Q

What is UIVB?

A

Founded 1951
Union Interprofessionals des Vin Beaujolais
-Sets date Nov 15 for Beaujolais Nouveau 1951

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21
Q

Who changed the original date of primeur and what year?

A

1985
INAO - Institute National des Appellations d’Origine

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22
Q

When is release date for Beaujolais Nouveau?

A

3rd Thursday in November

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23
Q

Why is the 3rd Thursday in November release of Beaujolais Nouveau important?

A

Corresponds with Thanksgiving for marketing

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24
Q

How long and wide is Beaujolais?

A

Long: 34mile / 55km
Wide: 7-9 miles / 11-14km

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25
Q

What borders Beaujolais?

A

N - Mâconnais
S - Lyon
W - Monts du Beaujolais
E - Saône River

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26
Q

Beaujolais Climate?

A
  1. Semi-Continental
  2. Rain Shadow from Monts du Beaujolais
  3. Saône River regulates
  4. Mediterranean brings warmth
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27
Q

What is a challenge to Gamay for growing and how to mitigate?

A

Susceptible to Gray Rot
Canopy management important to reduce humidity

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28
Q

Beaujolais Hazards?

A
  1. Spring Frost
  2. Autumn rain
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29
Q

Where does Beaujolais geology rest?

A

Massif Central

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30
Q

Soils of Beaujolais

A

Old Soils
1. Clay limestone
2. Schist
3. Granite
4. Sand
5. arène & gorrhe
4. Limestone - Pierres Dorées (Golden stones) yellow limestone

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31
Q

What is arène / gorrhe?

A

Sandy soils of weather feldspars, mica, quartz & other

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32
Q

Where are best vineyards?

A

NW - On Steep granite outcrops of Monts du Beaujolais
Where the Crus are.
SE sun exposure

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33
Q

What ripens earlier Beaujolais Crus in the North or Beaujolais in the South?

A

Beaujolais Crus - better sun exposure southern facing.

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34
Q

Where are Beaujolais and Beaujolais Villages located?

A

In the south
Gentle slopes

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35
Q

Primary white grape of Beaujolais and percentage?

A

Chardonnay
2%

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36
Q

Primary red grape of Beaujolais and percentage?

A

Gamay Noir à Jus Blanc
98%

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37
Q

Main training?

A
  1. Gobelet (once mandatory)
  2. Cordon
  3. Éventail (spur prunning)
  4. Guyot only white/reds for lower AOCs not Crus
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38
Q

Why is Guyot not permitted for crus?

A

Higher yielding fruit = more yield
Only allowed for R/W Beaujolais and White Beaujolais Villages

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39
Q

The finest wines of Beaujolais are produced in the northern part of the region. What is the dominant soil type there?

A

Granite

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40
Q

What is the overall climate of Beaujolais?


A

Semi-continental

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41
Q

When did the Romans conquer Gaul?

A

52BCE under Cesar

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42
Q

What was Lyon originally called?

A

Colonia Capita Claudia Augusta Lugdunum
or
Lugdunum

43
Q

What is the reason behind the town name Fleurie?

A

Floral character of the wines the town produces.

44
Q

Brouilly was named after…

A

Roman Solider who planted the vines in the region

45
Q

Who ruled Beujeu in 10th c for 400 years+?

A

Lords of Beujeu

46
Q

How did Beaujolais grow?

A

Lyon put heavy tax on wines from other regions eg Rhône and Bourgogne

&

Rail lines introduced to Paris. became most important market

47
Q

Which cities were especially important in boosting the popularity of Beaujolais?

A

Paris
Lyon

48
Q

What is the official release date for Beaujolais Nouveau?

A

The third Thursday in November

49
Q

Clay and Limestone found where

A

South of Villefranche-sur-Saône and the Nizerland River

50
Q

Pierres Dorées (Golden Stones)

A

Broken yellow limestone
Saône Plain.

51
Q

Granite, Some schist
Arène or Gorhe

A

North Beaujolais

52
Q

Cordon training

A

Spur trained
Authorized for Red Beaujolais Villages and Beaujolais Cru AOCs

53
Q

Éventail Training

A

Spur trained
Authorized for Red Beaujolais Villages and Beaujolais Cru AOCs

54
Q

Guyot training

A

Higher yielding
Only permitted for Beaujolais AOC wines – both red and white – and white Beaujolais Villages AOC wines.

55
Q

When is machine harvesting not used.

A

Is allowed
But mostly too hillly
No allowed for Beaujolais Nouveau

56
Q

What is the most common harvesting method?

A

Hand

57
Q

What is the unique fermentation in Carbonic maceration called?

A

Intracellular metabolic fermentation

58
Q

Typical flavors of Carbonic Maceration

A

Banana
Bubble gum
Raspberry
Cranberry

59
Q

How much ABV is produced when Malic Acid is converted?

A

2% ABV

60
Q

How do they blend Beaujolais Nouveau?

A
  1. Take the free run in one tank,
  2. Press the remaining grape skins that have Intracellular metabolic fermentation
  3. Blend the two and naturally ferment
61
Q

Other wine making techniques in Beaujolais

A
  1. Bourgogne - destemmed, yeast driven fermentation, some oak age (Crus)
  2. Rosé - direct press or saignée
  3. Beaujolais Blanc -traditional white wine making
  4. Crémant de Bourgogne - allowed for traditional method
  5. Sparkling Gamay - sweet sparkling rosé - méthode ancestrale
62
Q

Describe Sparkling Gamay

A

Sweet sparkling rosé - méthode ancestrale
No AOC
Sold as Vin de France
No Beaujolais mentioned on label

63
Q

What is Terra Vitis?

A

Sustainable vine-growing certification created in Beaujolais
1998

64
Q

How many members of Terra Vitis are there?

A

over 700 across France

65
Q

Which river divides northern Beaujolais from southern Beaujolais?

A

Nizerand

66
Q

The majority of wines dry white Beaujolais and Beaujolais Villages wines are aged in oak. T/F

A

False - Carbonic Maceration

67
Q

Beaujolais AOC

A

96 villages
60% Production
Sold under Beaujolais & Beaujolais Villages and Beaujolais Supérier
Basic - covers entire region
99% Red
Rose and dry white allowed

68
Q

Beaujolais Villages AOC

A

38
Smaller Zone
Stepper slopes
Different soils

69
Q

Beaujolais Crus AOC

A

10 Crus
40% of production
Named after Village

70
Q

Grape for Red and Rosé

A

Regional Beaujolais AOC
100% Gamay almost always
BUT
can have <15% Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Aligoté, Pinot Gris of Melon

71
Q

Style of Red Beaujolais

A

Regional Beaujolais AOC
Light color
Light tannins
Fresh red fruit
Bright acidity

72
Q

Style of Beaujolais Blanc

A

Regional Beaujolais AOC
100% Chardonnay
Unoaked

73
Q

Describe Beaujolais Supérieur

A

Part of Beaujolais AOC NOT separate
-Called supérior if made with lower yields
-more alcohol

74
Q

What are Beaujolais plus Village Name

A

30 village Beaujolais AOC
Produce wines of higher quality
Can add name

75
Q

What is Beaujolais VIllages

A

Red, Rosé and dry White
Same rules as Beaujolais AOC

76
Q

Describe Red Beaujolais Villages

A

Deep color
Less grapey
Deeper berry fruit
Distinct Minerality
Granite soils

77
Q

Describe Beaujolais Village Blanc

A

100% Chardonnay
More Concentrated than Beaujolais Blanc

78
Q

What are Beaujolais Nouveau classified under?

A

Either Beaujolais AOC
or
Beaujolais Villages AOC

79
Q

What is the percentage Beaujolais bottled under Beaujolais AOC

A

2/3rds

80
Q

How many Beaujolais villages are allowed to produce nouveau?

A

96

81
Q

What is the production figures (2018) and % total Beaujolais for Nouveau?

A

22 million bottles
20% total Beaujolais Production

82
Q

Can Beaujolais be labeled primeur?

A

Yes since Nouveau follows same blending formula, yields and min ABV
And may be red or rosé

83
Q

How is Beaujolais Nouveau made?

A
  1. Hand harvest required
  2. Semi-carbonic required
  3. Early bottled
  4. 3rd Thursday in November same year
84
Q

Name the 10 Beaujolais Crus

A
  1. St Amour
  2. Juliénas
  3. Chénas
  4. Moulin-a-vent
  5. Fluerie
  6. Chiroubles
  7. Morgon
  8. Régnié
  9. Côte de Brouilly
  10. Brouilly
85
Q

What is the Beaujolais Cru grape and where are they planted?

A

Gamay
Steep terrain with granite soils
Lower yields
More concentrated
Old vines
Longer maceration

86
Q

Which Beaujolais Crus are made soft and light?

A

Three
1. Saint Amour
2. Fleurie
3. Chiroubles

87
Q

Which Beaujolais Crus are more medium bodied?

A

Four
1. Juliénas
2. Régnié
3. Côte de Brouilly
4. Brouilly

88
Q

Which Beaujolais Crus are powerful and generous?

A

Three
1. Chénas
2. Moulin-a-vent
3. Morgon

89
Q

Describe Beaujolais Cru?

A

Always red -100% Gamay
up to 15% Aligoté, Chardonnay and Melon grapes are permitted but no one uses
Hand harvest

90
Q

SAINT-AMOUR AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
NW most
Borders’ Mâconnais
“Saint Love” - V Day promos
Short & Long macerations
Long more tannic and structured

91
Q

JULIÉNAS AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
Named after Cesar
Romans cultivated wines here
Vary diverse soils
Complex and layered wines

92
Q

CHÉNAS AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
Means “oak tree”
Concentrated
Require aging for true potential

93
Q

MOULIN-À-VENT AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
Named after local windmill
“King of Beaujolais Cru”
MOST FULL-BODIED and tannic
Use Bourgogne vinification method
Become like Pinots
Pinotent - become like pinot

94
Q

Pinoter / Pinotent

A

Beaujolais Cru that become like Pinot

95
Q

FLEURIE AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
MOST FAMOUS
Most ELEGANT and Refined
“Queen of Beaujolais Cru”
Age well
Develops Spice

96
Q

CHIROUBLES AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
Produce Benmark Beaujolais
Soft, Fruity and Delicate
HIGHEST 246-444m
COOLEST
Harvest later

97
Q

MORGON AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
2nd LARGEST
Ripe Cherry
Warm years - cherry jam or Kirsch
Côt du Py - most famous lieu-dit

98
Q

Côte du Py

A

Beaujolais Cru
Lieu-Dit
MORGAN AOC
Aged –> earth, forest floor similar to Pinot
Morgonner - locals call this transformation

99
Q

Morgonner

A

A term used in MORGON AOC to describe Beaujolais Cru turning more like Pinot Noir

100
Q

RÉGNIÉ AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
NEWEST
High sand content –>aromatic
Quick to mature

101
Q

CÔTE DE BROUILLY AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
Slopes of Mont Brouilly
ONLY ONE to have N,S,E,W vineyards
Volcanic elements - diorite –> spicy, pepper quality

102
Q

BROUILLY AOC

A

Beaujolais Cru
LARGEST / SOUTHERN MOST
Med influence
Vines on plateau Mt Brouilly
484m
Named after Brulius - Roman who planted vines
Volcanic Diorite soils

103
Q

Beaujolais Cru Lit-Lieu

A

All Beaujolais Cru have them
Geological and terroir
Seek to reach climats status to eventually achieve Premier Crus status

104
Q

Breakdown on Beaujolais Production

A
  1. Beaujolais AOC - 34%
  2. Beaujolais Villages AOC - 26%
  3. Brouilly AOC - 8%
  4. Morgan - 8%
  5. Fleurie - 5%
  6. Moulin-à-Vent - 4%
  7. Juliénas - 4%
  8. Régnié - 3%
  9. Côte de Brouilly - 2%
  10. Saint-Armour - 2%
  11. Chénas - 2%
  12. Chiroubles - 2%
105
Q

Coteaux du Lyonnais

A

Small
S of Beaujolais / N of Rhône
Semi-circle west of LYON
Same climate as Beaujolais with Med influence
White - Chardonnay
Red/Rosé - Gamay

106
Q

How many Beaujolais Crus are there?

A

10

107
Q

Which Beaujolais Cru has the highest elevation and the coolest conditions?

A

Chiroubles

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