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Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

What are “Cool Soils” and where are they found in Bordeaux?

A

Clay and Limestone

On the right bank of the Gironde and Dordogne as well as on the hill sides of Entre-Deux-Mers.

The soils are dense and moisture-retaining, they do not speed up ripening process.

Suit for early ripening varieties such as Merlot, Malbec and Caberent Franc.

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2
Q

Describe soils of the Medoc AOCs.

A

Generally Gravel mounds on limestone

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3
Q

How many Co-operatives and Co-operative unions in Bordeaux and what is their share of the harvest?

A
  • 29 Co-operatives
  • 3 Co-operative Unions
  • 23% of harvest
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4
Q

‘True or False

Graves Superieurs AOC ONLY produces Sem-Sweet white wines acoss the entire Graves area.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False

One vine of botrytized grapes yields one to three glasses of wine.

A

True

The finished wines must possess residual sugar to excess of 4.5% (45 g/l).

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6
Q

True or False

In Bordeaux, Clairet is made by often using Saignee (Bleeding) method with a very short maceration, 24 to 36 hrs skin contact and then bled off to ferment as white wine.

A

True

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7
Q

True or White

85% of wine production in Graves AOC is Red.

A

True

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8
Q

True or False

Most red Bordeaux AOC wiens are made from blends based on Merlot for light tannins and are best drunk young.

A

True

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9
Q

How many AOCs are in Sautennais sub region?

A

3 AOCs (Barsac/Sauternes/Cerons)

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10
Q

What are three white grape varieties used in Graves?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Semillon
  • Muscadelle
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11
Q

True or False

Bordeaux Blanc Sec (dry white) wines are primarilly Sauvignon Blanc or blends with Semillon.

A

True

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12
Q

True or False

Cremant de Bordeaux AOC wines are produced by the traditional method only.

A

True

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13
Q

What percentage does Entre-Deux-Mers wine region produce out of all Bordeaux white wine production ?

A

Nearly 25%

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14
Q

What are the soil makeup of Saint-Julien DOC?

A

Gravel mounds over sub soils of clay, marl and iron-pan.

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15
Q

True or False

The Haut-Medoc AOC covers the southern two-thirds of the Medoc Peninsula.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False

Moulis-en-Medoc wines are primarilly made from Merlot.

A

True

With higher content of clay and marls.

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17
Q

True or False

Haut-Medoc AOC also covers the six specific commune AOCs.

A

False

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18
Q

True or False

Entre-Deux-Mers AOC which covers the entire Entre-Deux-Mers area makes only Dry White wines.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False

The majority of the Chateaux ranked in the Classificaiton of 1855 are in the the four communes of the Medoc Peninsula.

A

True

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20
Q

What are three AOCs located directly across the Garonne River from the famous sweet wine regions of the Sauternais?

State the wine style their production.

Which of the three is the most prestigeous?

A
  • Cadillac AOC
  • Loupiac AOC
  • Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOC
  • Sweet White Wine
  • Sainte-Croix-du-Mont (contains more gravel soils)
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21
Q

What are four primary grapes of the Libournais AOCs?

A
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Cabernet Sauvginon
  • Cot
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22
Q

Based on the soil types of clay and limestone, Fronsac AOC and Canon Fronsac AOC, the only two AOCs west of Isle River in the Libournais, produce wines based on two grapes.

What are the varieties?

A
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Franc
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23
Q

What is the main difference between Bordeaux Haut-Benauge DGC and Entre-Deux-Mers Haut-Benauge DGC as far as wine style is concerned?

A
  • Bordeaux Haut-Benauge produces Dry and Semi-Sweet wines
  • Entre-Deux-Mers Haut-Benauge Dry whites using the same grape varieties.
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24
Q

True or False

Barsac AOC producers may label their wine as Sauternes if desired.

A

True

Barsac is included in the Sauternes zone of production.

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25
Q

What soil type is featured in Margaux AOC?

A

Sand in the sub-soil below the gravel which is quick to warm and not very water retentaive.

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26
Q

True or False

The soil of Saint-Estephe has a higher percentage of clay than the southern neighbours.

A

True

As a result the higher percentage of Merlot in the Cabernet Sauvginon-dominant blend relative to other communes of the Medoc.

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27
Q

What mesoclimate is special to Sautenais sub-region?

A

The morning mist caused by the cooler waters of Ciron River meeting the warmer waters of the Garonne River promoting Botrytis / the noble rot.

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28
Q

True or False

Haut-Medoc is mostly covered by gravel top soil.

A

True

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29
Q

True or False

Medoc AOC located in the north of Medoc Peninsula and in genreal Merlot dominates.

A

True

More clay and limestone and less gravels in this area.

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30
Q

True or False

No dry white wines are allowed for Bordeaux Superieur DOC.

A

True

Red wines must have more strict production standards

No Alvarinho as the AOC is for Moelleux (semi-sweet) wines only

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31
Q

True or False

Bordeaux Superiors AOC Red wines must be aged at least until June 15 of the year following harvest.

A

True

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32
Q

What is Tris?

A

Muliple passes - hand picked several times to ensure only those desirable grape berries are picked.

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33
Q

Which river deposits small pebbles to its gravel beds in Graves de Vayres AOC?

A

Isle River

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34
Q

What feature protects Graves (of Bordeaux area) from the Altantic Ocean to the west?

A

Les Landes

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35
Q

This RED grape variety plantings are largely found in Bourg, Blaye and Entre-Deux-Mers.

What is it?

A

Cot (Malbec)

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36
Q

True or False

Cotes de Bordeaux AOC is red wine only AOC.

A

True

However three of DGCs also make white wine and two make sweet styles

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37
Q

How many categories were set for Sweet wines in the 1855 Classification?

What producer achieved the top status?

A

3 Categories

  • Premier Cru Superieur
  • Premier Cru
  • Deuxieme Cru
  • Chateau d’Yquem
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38
Q

Name the DGCs (3) that are NOT red wine only of Cotes de Bordeaux:

A
  1. Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux DGC - Dry Whites+Red
  2. Francs Cotes de Bordeaux DGC - Dry and Sweet Whites+Red
  3. Saint-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux DGC - Dry, Semi-Sweet and Sweet Whites+Red

The other two are:

  • Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaxu DGC - Red only
  • Castillion Cotes de Bordeaux DGC - Red only
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39
Q

Since the 1855 classification was established for the Paris Exhibition, there was only one change.

What was the change?

A

Chateau Mouton Rothchild was promted from Deuxieme Cru to a Premier Cru in 1973.

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40
Q

Who were Bituriges Vivisci?

A

Romans conquered the tribe of Bituriges Vivisci who lived around what is the modern day Bordeaux.

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41
Q

Which river does Barsac AOC lie?

A

Ciron River

Located on the left bank across from Sauternes

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42
Q

What are two training methods in Bordeaux?

A
  1. Taille medocaine
  2. Single or double Guyot
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43
Q

What soil type is found close to the rivers in Enter-Deux-Mers AOC?

A

Alluvial deposits

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44
Q

True or False

The Majority of Cru Bourgeois chateaux are located within the Medoc and Haut-Medoc AOCs.

A

True

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45
Q

What are the followings in French:

  • Punch Down
  • Pump Over
  • Rack and Return
A
  • Punch Down - Pigeage
  • Pump Over - Remontage
  • Rack and Retrun - Delstage
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46
Q

What are three AOCs in the Sauternais?

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • Cerons
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47
Q

What are two primary grape varieties and four grape supplientary grape varieties in the Medoc sub region of Bordeaux?

A
  1. Cabernet Sauvginon
  2. Merlot

and suipplimentary grapes -

  1. Cabernet Franc
  2. Petit Verdot
  3. Cot
  4. Carmenere
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48
Q

What two AOCs are contained in Sautenais region and what special wine style they feature?

A
  • Sauternes
  • Barsac
  • All sweet white wines
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49
Q

Two producers are found on iron rich soils in Saint-Emilion.

Name them.

A
  • Chateau Figeac
  • Chateau Cheval Blanc
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50
Q

Which commune is considered to be the most “Californian” of the Medoc communes?

A

Saint-Julian AOC

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51
Q

Which classification is only Bordeaux sub region classfication to rank both red and white wines?

A

Graves Classification (part of Pessac-Leognan AOC.

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52
Q

How many DGCs in Cotes de Bordeaux AOC?

List the DGCs.

A

5 DGCs

  1. Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux DGC
  2. Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux DGC
  3. Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux DGC
  4. Francs Cotes de Bordeaux DGC
  5. Sainte-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux DGC
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53
Q

What AOC is used for red wines produced and dry wine wines produced in Sautenais sub-region?

A
  • Red wines: Bordeaux AOC or Bordeaux Superieur AOC
  • Dry White: Bordeaux AOC
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54
Q

Name two lightly pigmented wines produced in Bordeaux:

A
  • Rose (which is pink)
  • Clairet (which is light red)
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55
Q

What makes Pauillac AOC wines powerfully structured that age well and have a benchmark note of dusty cocoa in the Cabernet Sauvginon dominated blends as far as the soil is concerned?

A

Gravely soil with excellent natural drainage

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56
Q

What is Le Landes?

A

Man made forest to the west of Bordeaux which protects Bordeaux wine region.

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57
Q

What grape variety is planted in the two thirds of Sauternes?

A

Semillon

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58
Q

Name SIX allowed red grapes (vinified as Blanc de Noirs) for Cremant de Bordeaux AOC:

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Petit Verdot
  • Cot
  • Carmenere
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59
Q

How many estates in Cru Bourgeois?

A

249 Estates - became formal in 2020

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60
Q

What does “Listrac” mean?

A

Either “fringe” or edge.

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61
Q

What are three categories of Saints-Emilion Grands Crus Classes?

A
  1. Premiers Grands Crus Classes A (top category)
  2. Premiers Grands Crus Classes B
  3. Grands Crus Classes
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62
Q

What is the major difference between Moelleux and Sweet wines during the harvest?

A

Sweet wine category is hand harvested in multiple passes (Tris) so that to pick only the botritis affected grapes whilte the Moelleux it is optional so it may have a mix of both non and botritis affected grapes.

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63
Q

Three grapes make up almost 90% of area under vine in Bordeaux (2019).

List them .

A
  • Merlot (59%)
  • Cabernet Sauvginon (20%)
  • Cabernet Franc (8%)
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64
Q

True or False

All the Medoc AOCs are Red wine only.

A

True

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65
Q

The 1855 Classificaion categorized producers in the Medoc and Sauternes with one exception.

Name the exception.

A

Chateau Haut Brion

in Pessac-Leognan (in Graves)

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66
Q

True or False

Libournaios sub-region only produces red wines.

A

True

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67
Q

Name the categories in Cru Bourgeois.

A
  • Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnels (top category)
  • Cru Bourgeois Superieur
  • Cru Bourgeois

Rankings reviewed every five years

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68
Q

Whare are two primary red grapes and four secondary grapes in Graves?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvginon
  • Merlot
  • Cabernet Franc
  • Petit Verdot
  • Carmenere
  • Cot
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69
Q

What is another name of Downy Mildew and who developed to combat it?

A

Peronospera

Jura born botanist/mycologist Pierre-Maire-Alexis Millardet working at the Univeristy of Bordeaux developed “Bordeaux Mixture” (Copper-Sulfate application)

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70
Q

True or False

Bordeaux AOC and Bordeaux Superieur AOC covers the same area and use exactly the same grape varieties.

A

False

Bordeaux Superiur Blanc wines must be made Moelleux or semi sweet in style and NO DRY white Bordeaux Superieur. Alvarihno is not Allowed.

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71
Q

True or False

Bourg AOC is a part of Cotes de Bordeaux AOC.

A

False

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72
Q

In what year did the extenisve winter freeze destroy much of the Cot crop in Bordeaudx and South-West France?

A

1956

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73
Q

Who was Emile Paynaud and what did he accomplish?

A

Professor of Oeonology of Bordeaux.

Paynaud encouraged wine makers to use the fruits from young vines for their second labelled wine - a second wine.

This gave a boost to the quality of the Grand Vin - the primary and most important wine that the chateaui produces.

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74
Q

What are two new approved white grape varieties in Bordeaux?

A
  • Alvarinho
  • Liliorila
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75
Q

List five top harvested (as of 2019) grape varieties of Bordeaux.

A
  1. Merlot (59%)
  2. Cabernet Sauvginon (20%)
  3. Cabernet Franc (8%)
  4. Semillon (5%)
  5. Sauvignon Blanc (5%)
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76
Q

Describe soil types suiting Cabenret Sauvignon and Merlot in the Medoc?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvginon: Gravel on Limestone
  • Merlot: Less Gravel and More Clay
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77
Q

Which sub region was the first vineyards planted in Bordeaux?

A

Graves

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78
Q

What are three appellations that make Sweet Wines as well in Entre-Deux-Mers?

A
  • Graves de Vayres AOC
  • Premieres Cotes-de-Bordeaux AOC
  • Cotes de Bordeaux Saint-Macaire AOC
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79
Q

What are five sub-regions in Bordeaux AOC region?

A
  • Medoc
  • Graves
  • Sautennais
  • Entre-Deux-Mers
  • Libournais
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80
Q

What two soil types typicalluy found in the Cotes vineyards?

A
  • Clay
  • Limestone
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81
Q

What well known AOC is located within Graves?

A

Pessac-Leognan

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82
Q

What is the main difference between regular red wine and Clairet?

A

Short macerating time - 24 to 36 hours. It is made by Saignee method.

Rose wines have even shorter maceration time and also uses Saignee method in Bordeaux.

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83
Q

True or False

Bordeaux and Bordeaux Superieur AOCs, the regional appellations of Bordeaux, are responsible for approximately 50% of the region’s production.

A

True

84
Q

List two training systems in Bordeaux

A
  • Taille Medocaine
  • Guyot
85
Q

List French equivalent terms of the follwings:

  • Punch Down
  • Pump-Over
  • Rack and Return
A
  • Pigeage
  • Remontage
  • Delestage
86
Q

Where does Entre-Deux-Mers sub-region located?

A

Betwee the Two Seas, located between the Dordgone and Garonne Rivers.

87
Q

What are “warm soils” and where are they found in Bordeaux?

A

Gravel and Sands

Primarilly on the left bank of the Gironde Estuary and Garonnne as well as parts of Entre-Deux-Mers

They warm up quikcly and radiatte back up into the vine canopy and well drained.

Suit late ripening varieties like Cabernet Sauvginon and Petit Verdot.

88
Q

True or False

Haut-Medoc covers the one third of the Medoc Peninsula?

A

False

Two thirds of the Medoc Peninsula

89
Q

True or False

The majority of the Cru Bourgeios are located within Medoc and Haut-Medoc AOCs.

A

True

90
Q

What status is entitled to those AOCs in the Graves Classification?

A

Grand Cru Classe de Graves (may be labeled Cru Classe de Graves)

91
Q

Which sub region AOCs Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOC and Cotes Bourdeaux located?

A

Entre-Deux-Mers

Located along the right bank of the Garonne

92
Q

White three WHITE grape varieites that must be used for Bordeaux Superieur AOC at least 70%?

A
  • Sauvginon Blanc
  • Semillon
  • Muscadelle
93
Q

Which area in Bordeaux was the first vineyards planted?

A

Graves

94
Q

What two AOCs are located inland, away from the tempering influence of the Gironde so the climate is a bit cooler?

A
  • Listrac Medoc
  • Moulis-en-Medoc
95
Q

What are the four second grape varieties of the Medoc AOCs after Cabernet Sauvginon and Merlot?

A
  1. Cabernet Franc
  2. Petit Verdot
  3. Cot
  4. Carmenere
96
Q

Define “Grand Vin”.

A

The primary or most important lable that a Chateux produces.

97
Q

What is Burdigala?

A

During the Roman times, Bordeaux was known as the town of Burdigala.

98
Q

True or False

With climate change, Bordeaux needs drought-resistant rootstocks.

A

True

99
Q

True or False

Bordeaux boasts the greatest percentage of large estates of any wine region in France.

A

True

100
Q

What wine styles does Bordeaux Haut-Benauge produce using which two grapes?

A
  • Dry and Semi Sweet
  • Largely from Semillon and Sauvginon Blanc
101
Q

How many estates are classfied in Cru Artisan?

A

36 Estates

102
Q

True or False

About 70% of Bordeaux wine is sold through a network of 300 wine traders that deal with importers in over 165 countries.

A

True

103
Q

Name the two AOCs in Blaye not a part of Cotes de Bordeaux.

A
  • Blaye AOC
  • Cotes de Blaye AOC
104
Q

True or False

Entre-Deux-Mers AOC produces more dry whites than the Bordeaux AOC

A

False

Entre-Deux-Mers AOC produces nearly 25% all the dry white wines in Bordeaux while the Bordeaux AOC produces over 60% (2018).

105
Q

What are “Petits Chateaux”?

A

Unranked chateaux as many of the top growth Bordeaux wines priced themselves out and consumers renewed interest in findind value.

106
Q

Name a Satellite AOC of Pomerol AOC.

A

Lalande-de-Pomerol AOC

107
Q

What are two other names Bourg AOC known for and officially recognized?

A
  • Cotes de Bourg AOC
  • Bourgeais AOC
108
Q

What are two principal red grape varieties in the Cotes de Bordeaux?

A

Merlot and Cabernet Franc

109
Q

How many AOCs are in the Libournais?

What is the wine style?

A
  • 10 AOCs
  • Red Wine only
110
Q

What is arguably the most famous of the Medoc’s commune AOCs?

A

Pauillac AOC

111
Q

Who contributed to the third golden age of Bordeaux?

A

Robert Parker

Launched Wine Advocate and was evangelical about the merits of the 1982 vintage - giving high scroes to the wines.

This brought world attention to Bordeaux.

112
Q

Historically, different grape varieties faded due to vineyard plagues and climate in Bordeaux.

List the following grapes in order of their decline:

  • Malbec
  • Carmenere
  • Petit Verdot
A
  1. Carmenere - vineyard plagues in 1800s
  2. Petit Verdot - trouble ripening after phylloxera
  3. Malbec - the winter freeze of 1956, Merlot took its place
113
Q

What measures (4) are taken to combat the effects of global warming by Bordeaux vignerons?

A
  • Used to place draining pipes or drainage underground to whisk away excess water but now switching to drought resistant rootstocks
  • Introducing late-ripeining, heat-tolerant varieties
  • Investigating disease resistant hybrid varieties
  • Rethinking leaf removal to protect the clusters from sunburn
114
Q

What are three regional Bordeaux AOCs?

A
  • Bordeaux AOC
  • Bordeaux Superior AOC
  • Cremant de Bordeaux AOC
115
Q

True or False

As of 2019, most of the Bordeaux produced (56%) is consumed in France, less than half (44%) is exported. But what is exported is often very high end Bordeaux.

A

True

116
Q

True or False

Cerons AOC may label its dry red wines as Graves and its semi-sweet wines as Graves Superieures.

A

True

Due to higher gravel and sand soil content than Sauternes and Barsac.

117
Q

Which first growth classificed prodcuer was the first to build a physical building i.e. chateau and the only non Medoc classified producer in the 1855 Classification?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion.

118
Q

What is the most widely planted grape variety in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

119
Q

True or False

Production of Saint-Emilion Grand Cru is over three times the production of Saint-Emilion AOC.

A

True

As of 2018

120
Q

What AOC is used for white wines made in the Medoc?

A

Bordeaux AOC

121
Q

True or False

Soils in the Haut-Medoc AOC are gravels atop subsoils.

A

True

122
Q

Aside from lower yields and higher minimum alcohol than Saint-Emilon AOC, what are three additional requirements of Saint-Emilion Grand Cru?

A
  • Must be bottled at the chateau
  • Undergo two tastings before and after the aging period
  • Mandatory one year ageing
123
Q

Name the three White grape varieties that must make at least 70% of the white Cremant de Bordeaux AOC.

A
  1. Semillon
  2. Sauvignon Blanc
  3. Muscadelle
124
Q

What wine styles Graves and Sauternais feature?

A
  • Graves: Both Red and White wines
  • Sautenais: Sweet Whie wines
125
Q

What are three AOCs located directly across the Garonne from the Saunternes vineyards?

Which one of three is considered to be the most prestigeous and why?

A
  1. Cadillac AOC
  2. Loupiac AOC
  3. Saint Croix-du-Mont AOC
  • Saint-Croix-du-Mont AOC is considered to be the most prestigeous because of greater concentration of gravels in the soils.
126
Q

True or False

Bordeaux Superieur AOC must have 70% of the primary white varieties at least and must be Moelleurx (semi-sweet).

A

True

127
Q

True or False

Cremant de Bordeaux is the region-wide appellation for Sparkling wines.

A

True

128
Q

How many AOCs in the Medoc sub region?

What are their wine styles?

A
  • 8 AOCs
  • Red wines only
129
Q

Name the St Emilion classfication category

A
  1. Premier Grand Classe Cru ‘A’
  2. Premier Grand Class Cru ‘B’
  3. Grand Cru Classe

All Classfied producers must be Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC.

130
Q

What is the predominant grape variety in Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Sauvginon Blanc

131
Q

Bordeaux Sauvginon Blanc wines used to be know as mineral with herbal overtones.

Today Sauvginon Blanc has become more aromatic.

Why?

A

Judicious use of Copper-Sulfite sprays to combat mold and mildews

132
Q

True or False

Planting density is generally higher for less fertile soil in the Medoc.

A

True

133
Q

How many estates were ranked in Saint-Emilion Grands Crus Classes?

A

82 Estates

134
Q

Which commune of the Medoc is said to produce the most delicate, perfumed and elegant of all of the Medoc commune wines and is home to one of the Premier Cru Classes?

A

Margaux AOC

135
Q

Name DGC of Entre-Deux-Mers AOC.

A

Entre-Deux-Mers Haut-Benauge.

136
Q

How many AOCs are in Libournais sub-region?

A

10 AOCs

137
Q

Which classification system in Bordeaux that ranks the wines not the estatles

A

Crand Crus Classes de Graves

138
Q

What is the grape variety allowed in Graves Rose / Gris?

A

Sauvignon Gris

139
Q

What soil type does contribute to Pomerol AOC wines to be velvety, round and generous?

A

Iron rich soil

140
Q

Today 97% or Bordeaux plantings are made up of three red grapes and three white grapes.

List them.

A
  1. Red: Merlot
  2. Red: Cabernet Sauvgignon
  3. Red: Cabernet Franc
  4. White: Sauvignon Blanc
  5. White: Semillon
  6. White: Muscadelle
141
Q

Which two rivers are responsible for Noble Rot in Sauternes AOC?

A

Ciron and Garonne Rivers

The source of the Ciron is a spring which has cooler waters than the Garonne. In the autumn, when the climate is warm and dry, the different temperatures from the two rivers meet to produce mist that descends upon the vineyards from evening to late morning.

142
Q

Which commune is considered to have the wines the most delicate, perfumed and elegant of all the Medoc communes?

A

Margaux AOC

143
Q

What are two AOCs with iron rich soils to produce soft, velvety and generous wines in the Right Bank?

A

Pomerol

Lalande-de-Pomerol

144
Q

What wine styles are produced in Bordeaux Superieur AOC?

A
  • Semi-Sweet
  • Red wines
145
Q

Four Red and two White grape varieties were added for use in 2021 to respond to warmer climate conditions in Bordeaux.

What are the current limit of producer’s vineyard and in blends for the newly added grapes?

List the Six grape varieties added

A
  • 5% of producer’s vineyard
  • 10% of blends

Grape varieties are:

  1. Red: Arinarnoa
  2. Red: Castets
  3. Red: Marselan
  4. Red: Touriga Nacional
  5. White: Alvarinho
  6. White: Lilioria
146
Q

Which producer was elevated to the first growth from the second after the original 1855 Classification and the only one to do so in its history?

A

Chateau Mouton Rothchild

147
Q

Graves de Vayres AOC is known for its gravel beds. What is the source of the pebbles?

A

The Isle River

148
Q

True or False

For Bordeaux Moelleux, selective sorting is not manadated, meaning they may include grapes affected by Botrytis.

A

True

149
Q

What wine styles (2) Entre-Deux-Mers AOCs focus on?

A
  • Dry White
  • Sweet
150
Q

What soil type is primarilly found in the Medoc and Graves areas of the Bordeaux?

A

Gravel (mounds)

151
Q

What is the major difference in winemaking for Bordeaux Clairet compared to regular Bordeaux red wines?

A
  • Short maceration period - 24 to 36 hours
  • Wine is bled off the skins by the Saignee method
152
Q

In Saint-Emilion, which soil type provides the following profile:

  • High acidity and Velvety tannins
  • More fruit-forward
A
  • Limestone - high acidity and velvety tannins
  • Sand - more fruit forward
153
Q

True or False

Soils in the sub region of Medoc are mostly gravel mounds atop limestone.

A

True

154
Q

Which of the Medoc communes has more classified growths and is famously home to the three Premier Crus Classes out of five?

A

Pauillac with 17 classified growths

155
Q

Which river creates cool waters mist to the Sauternais sug-region?

A

The Ciron River

156
Q

How many AOCs in Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

7 AOCs

Three are directly across from Garonne River from Sauterne and Sweet wine AOC

  1. Cadillac AOC
  2. Loupiac AOC
  3. Saint-Croix-du-Mont AOC
  4. Graves de Vayres AOC (White/Red/Semi Sweet White)
  5. Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOC (Semi Sweet to Sweet White)
  6. Cotes de Bordeaux Saint-Macaire AOC (Dry White, Semi-Sweet White, Sweet White)
  7. Entre-deux-Mers AOC (Dry White)
157
Q

What wine style the three AOCs directly across the Garonne from Sautneres vineyards produce?

Which AOC produces the sweetest wine of the three?

A
  • Sweet white wines from the usual Bordeaux grapes
  • Cadillac AOC - Min R.S. 5.4% / 54 g/l
  • Loupiac AOC / Saint Croix-du-Mont AOC both have Min R.S. of 4.5% / 45 g/l
158
Q

What is the dominant grape variety of Entre-Deux-Mers sub-region?

A
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Most makes Dry and Sweet WHITE wines
159
Q

How many classified growths in Pauillac AOC?

A

17

More than any other commune in the Medoc

160
Q

What two white grape varieties take the lead in the Cotes de Blaye?

A

Ugni Blanc

Colombard

161
Q

Which AOC in Bordeaux is the most famous sweet wine AOC in the world.

A

Sauternes AOC

162
Q

True or False

In Bordeaux, Rose can come in either Dry or Sweet.

A

In Bordeaux, Rose wines are always DRY.

163
Q

Where must all Bordeaux Superieur must be-bottled.

A

On the estate

164
Q

True or False

Cru Artisans recognizes “boutique” wineries of quality which are entirely responsible from the vineyard to the bottle.

A

True

Small (2.5 - 12. 5 acres / 1 to 5 hectres)

165
Q

True or False

Most Bordeaux Cahier des Charges do not differentiate between primary and secondary grapes.

A

True

166
Q

True or False

Pessac Leognan AOC white wines are acidic and oaked and can age gracefully for a decade or two.

A

True

167
Q

What is another name of Powdery Mildew and what can combat it?

A

Oidium

Sulfur sprays

168
Q

True or False

Bordeaux Superieur Blanc wines are all semi sweet (Moelleux).

A

True

169
Q

Why would Listrac wines be considered heavier and denser than the other Medoc communes as related to the soil type is concerned?

A

More clay sands and limestone, benefit from a few years in the celllars

170
Q

True or False

Bordeaux is mostly flat.

Elevation peaks in Sainte-Foy Cotes de Bordeaux, the eastern most appellation on the Right Bank.

A

True

171
Q

After Phylloxera hit Bordeaux in 1860s, what became the result of replanting?

A

Impetus to replace white grape varieities with red and Bordeaux’s production began to shift accordingly

172
Q

What are Moelleux and Liquoreux?

A
  • Moelleux - Semi Sweet wine - hand picked but may include noble rot
  • Liquoreux - Sweet wine -hand picked with muliple passes (Tris). In most applications only those grapes that are infected with botryits are picked.
173
Q

Which grape variety may not use Carmenere in Libournais sub-region?

A

Carmenere

174
Q

List all 10 AOCs for Sweet Wine in Bordeaux:

A
  1. Barsac AOC
  2. Bordeaux Superieur AOC
  3. Cadillac AOC
  4. Cerons AOC
  5. Cotes de Bordeaux Saint-Macaire AOC
  6. Loupiac AOC
  7. Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOC
  8. Sainte-Croix-du-Mont AOC
  9. Sauternes AOC
  10. Graves de Vayres AOC
  11. (Bordeaux Haut-Benauge AOC also produces semi sweet wine however this is a DGC)
175
Q

Who launched Wine Advocate and touted the merits of the 1982 vintage, giving high scores to the wines?

A

Robert Parker

Propelled Bordeaux to enter the third Golden Age.

176
Q

What are the primary grapes of Enter-Deux-Mers AOC?

A
  • Sauvginon Blanc
  • Semillon
  • Muscadelle
177
Q

What is the northernmost and a part of Graves AOC and received its AOC status in 1987?

A

Pessac-Leognan AOC

178
Q

How many red and white wines fallen into one single classification - Grand Cru Classe de Graves?

A

13 Red

9 White

179
Q

What are two AOCs in Libournais that lie on the right bank of the Isle River?

A
  • Fransac AOC
  • Canon Fransac AOC
180
Q

What are two communes located more inland thatn the others in the Medoc with cooler climate?

Which grape variety is predominant in these areas?

A
  • Listrac-Medoc AOC
  • Moulin-Medoc AOC
  • Merlot based
181
Q

What AOC label can be used for white wines produced in all of the Libournais AOCs?

A

Bordeaux AOC

182
Q

True or False

Approximately 10% of the Medoc Peninsula’s entire production is made in the Medoc AOC.

A

False

40%

183
Q

Which of the following is NOT a sweet wine appellation of Bordeaux?

  1. Cadillac
  2. Loupiac
  3. Sainte-Croix-du-Mont
  4. Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
A
  1. Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux
184
Q

What wine style Entre-Deux-Mers AOC produce?

A

Dry white wines

185
Q

True or False

All Bordeaux Superieur AOC must be estate-bottled.

A

True

186
Q

The Saint-Emilon consists of 6 appellations with the two covering exactly the same zone of production.

The two are:

A

Saint-Emilon

Saint-Emilon Grand Cru - Must be bottled at the chateaux and undergo two tastings before and after its mandatory one year period of aging. Prodiction of Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC is over three times the production of Saint-Emilion AOC (2018)

  • Saint-Emilion AOC
  • Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC
187
Q

Which two AOCs Haut-Benauge is DGC of?

A
  • Bordeaux AOC
  • Entre-Deux_Mers
188
Q

Which AOC may not use Carmenere in Libournais sub-region?

A

Pomerol

189
Q

What are five secondary grapes in Entre-Deux-Mers AOC?

A
  1. Colombard
  2. Mauzac
  3. Merlot Blanc
  4. Ugni Blanc
  5. Sauvginon Gris
190
Q

Who encouraged Vignerons to use the fruit of young vine stocks under a second label, thereby boosting the quality of the Grand Vin?

A

Emile Paynaud, Professior of Oenologn at the University of Bordeaux.

191
Q

True or False

Entre-Deux-Mers AOC must contain a blend of grape varieties.

A

True

Only Dry White wines produced

192
Q

True or False

Cotes de Bordeaux is one of geogrpahical sub regions of Bordeaux.

A

False

A group of vineyard areas that slope towards the rivers of Bordeaux and to the Garonne river.

193
Q

What style of wines is produced in Graves Superieures AOC?

A

Semi-Sweet white wines only

by either Noble Rot or Passerillage

194
Q

What grape variety dominates Saint-Julien AOC?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

Often show chocolate and cherry

195
Q

Why in Saint-Estephe AOC has higher percentage of Merlot in the Cabernet Sauvignon dominated blends compared to other communes of the Medoc?

A

More Clay than the communes to the South.

196
Q

True or False

Geographically the vineyard areas that make up the Cotes de Bordeaux AOC are all in multiple sub-regions.

A

True

197
Q

Why does Merlot dominate in the Medoc AOC as far as the soil makeup is concerned?

A

More Clay and Limestone and Less Gravel

198
Q

True or False

Those estates categorized in Saint-Emilion Grands Crus Classes must FIRST be in Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC.

A

True

199
Q

What are four Saint-Emilion Satellites AOC?

A
  • Lussac Saint-Emiilion
  • Montagne-Saint-Emilion
  • Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion
  • Saint-Georges-Saint-Emilion
200
Q

What are two secondary grape varieties of the Libournais?

Out of the two, which grape variety is NOT permitted in Pomerol?

A
  • Petit Verdot
  • Carmenere
  • Carmenere not permitted in Pomerol
201
Q

What are flavor profiles (3) of Pomerol?

A
  • Velvety tannins
  • Hint of walnut
  • Hint of prune
202
Q

What is the main difference between Bordeaux Rose and that of Loire Valley?

And to the Rhone Rose?

A
  • Always finshied dry unlike those of Loire
  • Truly pink unlike those of Rhone
203
Q

True or False

Bordeaux Rose has even shorter maceration time than Bordeaux Clairet so they are even paler.

A

True

Most often made by the Saignee method

204
Q

Identify Wine Styles of the Blaye:

  • Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux DGC
  • Blaye AOC
  • Cotes de Blaye AOC
A
  • Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux DGC - Dry White, Red
  • Blaye AOC - Red only
  • Cotes de Blaye AOC - Dry White (from Colombard and Ugni Blanc)
205
Q

What are two primary grape varieties in Cotes de Blaye AOC and what wine style does the AOC produce?

A
  • Colombard and Ugni Blanc
  • Dry White
  • Blaye AOC is Red Only AOC
  • Blaye Cotes de Bordeaux AOC is for Dry Red and Dry White

FWS tb (46 decks)

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