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FWS tb > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

What is Silex?

A

In Centre Loire, flinty clay soils

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2
Q

Describe Mutage

A

The process of stopping a partially complete alcoholic fermentation through the addition of spirits in order to keep some residual sugar in the finished (fortified) wine;

This process is used for VDN winemaking

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3
Q

Ugni Blanc Synonym (in Italy)

A
  • Trebbiano Toscano
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4
Q

Syrah - a natural cross of?

A
  • Mondeuse Blanche X Dureza
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5
Q

Define Rancio

A

Label nomenclature for VDNs and some dry wines

Refers to full oxidized reds and whites, brown in color and boasting characteristic aromas of walnut and orange peel

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6
Q

Savagnin Blanc Cross

A
  • Petit Melier
  • Sauvignon Blanc
  • Chenin Blanc
  • Petit Manseng
  • Sylvaner
  • Savagnin Rose (variant)
  • Gewurztraminer (variant)
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7
Q

Meunier meaning ?

Synonyms

A
  • Miller
  • Gris Meunier, Meunier Noir (Loire)
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8
Q

Grenache Noir Synonyms

A
  • Garnacha Tinta (Spain)
  • Cannonau (Italy - Sardinia)
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9
Q

Describe Special Club

A

Peer-reviewed, prestige cuvees from members of the Club Tresors de Champagne.

These champagnes must be made entirely on a member’s own premises, with their own grapes and only in outstanding vintages

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10
Q

Define “Prise de Mousse”

A

Translates literally as “seizing of foam”

The second alcoholic fermentation which converts the dry base wine into a sparkling wine

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11
Q

What is “Pierres Dorees” and where are they primarilly found?

A
  • “Golden Stones”
  • Broken yellow limestone soils found in southern Beaujolais
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12
Q

Chardonnay Synonyms

A
  • Beaunois (Bougogne)
  • Melon d’Arbois, Auvernat (Loire)
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13
Q

Marssanne Synonym

A
  • Bergeron (Savoie)
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14
Q

Vermentino Synonyms

A
  • Malvoisie de Corse (Corsica)
  • Rolle (Provence)
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15
Q

What is “Marl”?

A

A soil type consisting of clay and limestone in various proportion

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16
Q

Describe Sur Lattes

A

The method of resting sparkling wine bottles stacked on their sides with think wood strips (lattes) between them

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17
Q

Define Tete de Cuvee

A

Also known as Prestige Cuvee

In Champagne, a prestige bottling; the best product a champagne house produces

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18
Q

Define ULLAGE

A

With oxygen exposure
The head space in a container

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19
Q

Describe “Disgorgement”

A

The process of removing the dead yeast cells from the bottle of sparkling wine in order to deliver a clear and non-gritty sparkling product

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20
Q

Describe Sandstone

A

A type of soil composed of quartz sand particles that become cemented together over time

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21
Q

Describe “Grenat”

A

Label nomenclature for Vin Doux Naturel in Rivesaltes and Maury’

Refers to Red wines that have aged reductively

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22
Q

What is Igneous Rock?

A

Rock that is formed through the cooling and solidifcation of magma or lava

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23
Q

What is “Cuvee” in Champagne?

A

Blended base wine, blend and/or special lot of wine

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24
Q

Describe Rose de Presse

A

A method of making Rose;

Maceration occurs only as the grapes are pressed. This extremely short amount of skin contact results in a lighter style Rose with less color, tannin, and structre than those made through Saiignee

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25
Q

Define Vin de Goutte

A

Free run juice

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26
Q

Melon de Bourgogne Synonym

A
  • Muscadet (Loire)
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27
Q

Cabernet Franc Synonyms

A
  • Breton (Loire)
  • Bouchy (South West)
  • Acheria (Ironleguy - SW)
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28
Q

What are “Liquoreux”?

A

Sweet wines made from late harvest grapes that are affected by noble rot. They are noticibly sweeter than Moelleux or semi sweet category

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29
Q

Describe Tirage

A

The act of bottling a sparkling wine

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30
Q

Describe Micro-oxygenation

A

A technique developed to tame aggressive tannins whereby minute amounts of oxygen are slowly bubbled through the vat of wine.

The technique was developed by Patrick Ducounau while working with Tannat in Madiran

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31
Q

Describe Saignee

A

A french term that rranslates as “bleeding”

Used to describe the process of pulling pink juick from the skins with which it is macerating in order to make Rose

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32
Q

What are “lattes”?

A

Thin strips of wood used to separate sparkling wine bottles that are resting on their sides

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33
Q

Describe “Bourbenes”

A

Sandy clay congolerate in South West France

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34
Q

What is “Chalk”?

A

A type of porous limestone

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35
Q
A
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36
Q

Describe Traditionnel

A

Label nomemclature for VDNs in Maury

Refers to red wines made in an oxidative manner

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37
Q

What is another used for “Dosage” in French?

A

Liquer de Dosage

Liquer d’Expedition

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38
Q

Define Passerillage

A

the process of twisting the stalk of grape bunches in order to stop the flow of sap.

This is done to desiccate grapes on the vine and concentrate sugars through water loss

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39
Q

What is “Echalas”?

A

Stakes or poles used to support vines

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40
Q

What is “Echelle des Crus”?

A

A vineyard ranking in Champagne based on a scale of 80-100%.

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41
Q

Grenache Synonym

A
  • Garnacha (Spain)
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42
Q

Sciaccarello Synonym in Italy

A

Mamamole (Italy)

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43
Q

What is “Lutte Raisonee”?

A

Environmentally and financially responsible farming practices

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44
Q

Cot - Cross of?

Synonyms

A
  • Prunelard X Magdalelein Noire des Charentes
  • Malbec, Noir de Pressac (Bordeaux)
  • Auxerrois (South West)
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45
Q

Mouvedre Synonyms in Spain

A
  • Mataro
  • Monastrell
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46
Q

What is “Maceration Pelliculaire”?

A

On the Skin

A technique for white wine production whereby grapes are crushed and allowed to macerate on the skin for a few hours in order to boost aromatics

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47
Q

Describe Rougiers

A

Iron Rich Clay Limestone soils in Marcillac

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48
Q

Fer Servadou Synonyms

A
  • Similar in taste and structure to Cabernet Franc
  • Braucol, Mansoi/Mansois, Penenc (South West)
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49
Q

Folle Blanches Synonyms

A
  • Picpoul (Armanac)
  • Gros Plant (Loire)
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50
Q

What is “Remembrement”?

A

A planned adjustment and consolidation of land, as in vineyards

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51
Q

Describe Powdery Mildew

A

A fungal disease indigenous to the USA

It blankets the vine with thick white fllaments. If an outbreak occurs before flowering, yields are reduced.

If the grape clusters become infected, they will not achieve full pigment development or grow to maximum size.

The fruit will be marked by off-flavors.

Also known as Oidium

52
Q

Pinot Blanc Synonym

A
  • Klevner (Alsace)
  • Pinot Vrai (Alsace)
53
Q

Describe ResDur

A

Grapevines being developed in France that are resistant to fungal disease

54
Q

Describe Schist

A

A type of soil formed from clay that has been compressed within the earth’s crust

55
Q

Cesar - a natural cross of?

A
  • Pinot X Gansfusser
56
Q

Define Vin Gris

A

French term for “gray wine”

Traditionally a wine made with red grapes using white winemaking techniques

57
Q

What does Septentrinaux refer to?

A

The Northern Rhone

58
Q

Trousseau Synonym (Spain, Portugal)

59
Q

What is Morgonner?

A

The tendency for Morgon wines to taste more like Pinot Noir as they age

60
Q

Describe Tuile

A

Label nomenclature for VDNs

Refers to slightly oxidized red wines that take a tuile (clay-tile) color

61
Q

Describe “Roches Pourries”

A

Rotted Rocks

Decompsed schist in MORGON

62
Q

Petit Verdot Synonym

A
  • Lambrusquet (Bordeaux) - meaning wild vines
63
Q

Chenin Blanc Synonyms

A
  • Gros Pineau, Pineau de la Loire (Loire)
  • Rouchelein (South West)
64
Q

What is “Caillottes”?

A

Small limestone pebbles in Centre-Loire

65
Q

Define Pigeage

A

In Red winemaking, the act of punching down the cap of grape skins to re-integrate them into the juice

66
Q

Describe Massif

A

A landform that most commonly manifests as a cluster of mountains and high elevation pleateaus;

Geologically the term refers to a portion of the earth’s crust bound together by faults into a mass. that is most commonly raised in respect to its surroundings.

67
Q

What is another name for “Delestage”?

A

Rack and Return

68
Q

Describe “Moelleux”

A

Translates as “Mellow”

Moelleux wines are semi-sweet wines made from late harverst grapes which may nor may not be affected by Noble Rot

69
Q

Describe TRIS

A

Passes through the vineyard choosing ripe berries or clusters

70
Q

Descrive “Hors d’Age”

A

Label nomenclature for VDNs;

Refers to wines that have aged for a long time under controlled oxidation prior to bottling - at least Five years for Riversaltes wines

71
Q

Define Vin Jaune

A

A wine of Jura that matures under the influence of film yeasts and controlled oxidation

72
Q

What does “Merodopmaux” refer to?

A

The Southern Rhone

73
Q

What is Vin Clair?

A

Base wine used in Champagne to make the cuvee

74
Q

What is “Poundingues” and where are they found?

A

Galets in Jurancon

75
Q

Carignan Synonym

and winemaking fact

A
  • Carinena, Mazuelo (Spain)
  • Carbonic Maceration is used to tame the tannins
76
Q

Describe “Petillant Originel”

A

A sparkling wine from Montlouis-sur-Loire that has no addition of sugar or yeast.

It has one fermentation ages on less for 9 months and has no doasage after disgorgement.

77
Q

What are the differences between “Edelzwicker” and “Gentil”?

A
  • Edelzwicker: Blend of several grapes fermented separate or together. Optional Vintaging
  • Gentil: Blend of at least 50% Riesling, Muscat, Pinot Gris and/or Gewurztraminer and the other 50% can be comprised of other grapes. Must be fermented Together. Vintage dating is mandatory.
78
Q

Tibouren Synonym in Italy

A

Rossese di Dolceaqua (Liguria Italy)

79
Q

Negrette Synonym

A

Petit Noir (South West)

80
Q

Describe Mousse

A

The forthy bubbles in a glass of sparkling wine

81
Q

Savagnin Rose is known in Alsace as:

A

Klevener de Hiligenstein

82
Q

What is the role of Negociant?

A

Purchase grapes or wine from the growers who are too small or do not have the inclination to bottle and market their own wine

83
Q

Describe Transversage

A

In sparkling wine production, a process in which 750 ml bottles are used to fill larger or smaller bottles

84
Q

Fromenteau was one of the two principal grapes grown in Champange from the 9th - 16th centuries.

The grape has gray-pink skin.

What is believed to be the variety now?

A

Pinot Gris

85
Q

What is the difference between Methode Champeonoise and Methode Traditionelle

A

Methode Traditionnell is a term used to descrbie the Methode Champenoise when utilzed outside the Champagne region

86
Q

Describe “Debourbage”

A

Juice settling before fermentation

87
Q

What does Merlot derive its name from?

A

Merle - French for “blackbird”

Merlot is named after the blackbird that feast upon it at harvest

88
Q

What is Pinoter or Pinotent?

A

The tendency for certain Beaujolais Cru wines to taste more like PInot Noir as they age

89
Q

When was the Napoleon Code of Inheritance mandate issued?

90
Q

What is
“Demi-muid”?

A

600 litre cask

91
Q

Describe “Aubuis”

A

Clay/Limestone soils in Touraine

92
Q

Describe “Methode Ancestrale”

A

Procss of sparkling winemaking comprising one single alcholic fermentation that is bottled mid-ferment in order to trap the carbon dioxide gas in solution

Also known as Methode Rurale

93
Q

Describe Tuffeau

A

A type of porous limestone found in the Middle Loire

94
Q

Define Rift Valley

A

Bedrock that has dropped down between parallel geological faults.

A localized rift valley is known as GRABEN

95
Q

Describe Vin de Paille

A

Translates as “Straw Wine”

A sweet wine made from air dried grapes traditionally dehydrated on straw matts

  • Hermitage - Marsanne white grape
  • Jura (Arobois, L’Etoile) - Chardonnay, Savagnin and Poulsaard (red grape)
  • Alsace - Riesling
96
Q

What is “Mutage sur Marc”?

A

In VDN winemaking the addition of a neutral grape spirit to a must that is macerating with solids.

Also known as Mutage sur Grains

97
Q

Describe “Carmague”

A

Salt mash located west of Provence and east of Languedoc where the Rhone River finishes its run to the Mediterranean

98
Q

What is
“Manno-proteins”?

A

Molecules consisting of protein and sugar which are released as yeasts decompose during Sur Lie aging.

Manno-proteins add a creamy round mouthfeel to the finished wine

99
Q

What are “Galets”?

A

Large round stones found in the South-West, Languedoc and Rhone regions.

100
Q

What is “Marcottage”?

A

A vine propagation method

The act of burying cane (layering) to sprout new vines.

Also known as Provignage

101
Q

Carmenere - a natural cross of?

A
  • Cabernet. Franc and Gros Cabernet
102
Q

Define Remuage

A

Riddling

The process of collecting dead yeast cells into the neck of the champagne or other traditional-emthod sparking wine bottle in preparation for discgorging

103
Q

Describe “Arene”

A

Sandy soils composed of weathered fledsparts, micas, quartz, and other minerals found in northern Beaujolais.

Also known as “Gorrhe”

104
Q

Descrbie Terre Blanches

A

In Centre Loire, marl rich in oyster fossils

105
Q

Describe “Coulure”

A

Poor fruit set caused by cloudy cold and/or wet weather at flowering

106
Q

Pinot Gris Synonyms

A
  • Tokay d’Alsace (no longer used in Alsace)
  • Pinot Beurot (Bougogne)
  • Malvoisie (Loire)
107
Q

What is the significance of Abymes?

A

The vineyard is where the catastrophic landslide of Mont Granier occurred in the night of 1248 that decimated villages and 4000 people.

108
Q

Define Rimage

A

Label nomenclatuire of VDNs;

Refers to red wines that have aged reductively

109
Q

Define “Sous Voile”

A

Under Veil, under flor or with ULLAGE

110
Q

Describe “Bioherm”

A

Reel like mound of earth composed of dead sea creatures such as corals, starfish, and mollusks

111
Q

What is Perruches?

A

Flinty clays in Touraine and Centre-Loire

112
Q

What is “Jupone”?

A

Young mushroom shaped sparkling wine cork

113
Q

What is Inox?

A

Stainless Steel aging vessels

114
Q

Define “Ouille”

A

Without ULLAGE, topped up or without oxygen

115
Q

Marselan Cross of ?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvginon X Grenache
116
Q

Nielluccio Synonym in Italy, Corsica

A
  • Sangiovese (Italy)
  • Niellucciu (Corsica)
117
Q

Mondeuse Blanche X Dureza Cross grape

118
Q

Describe “Crayeres”

A

Underground chalk quarries now used as wine cellars in Champagne

119
Q

Define Remontage

A

Pumpiing juice over the red grape skin cap to maiximize extraction

120
Q

Define Vin de Garde

A

Wine for Cellaring (age worthy wine)

121
Q

Gounais Blanc Cross

A
  • Aligote (x Pinot)
  • Auxerrois (x Pinot)
  • Chardonnay (x Pinot)
  • Gamay Noir a Jus Blanc
  • Melon de Bougogne (x Pinot)
  • Remorantin (x Pinot Teinturier)
  • Sacy (x Pinot)
  • Coloumbard (x Chenin Blanc)
  • Folle Blanceh
  • Grolleau Noir
  • Arbois
  • Riesling
122
Q

What is “Cheville”?

A

Old peg shaped sparkling wine cork

123
Q

Describe “Fines Bulles”

A

French term for “fine or small bubbles”

Colloquial reference to the sparkling wines of the Loire

124
Q

Describe “Garrigue”

A

An arid stony earth that can only support lavender, herbs, dwarf oak tress and the vine.

It can refer to the limestone itself, the resinous herbs and scrub vegetation that grow upon it and the aroma of those herbs when crushed underfott or echoed in the aromatic profile of the wines themselves.

125
Q

Describe Solera

A

Champagnes that are made from a single stainless steel tank or oak foudre that is kept perpetually, based on specific parameters

Also known as Perptual Reserve

FWS tb (46 decks)

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