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Acting Capt Exam 2021 > SOGs-17-Ventilation > Flashcards

SOGs-17-Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of flow path?

A

Movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area toward the lower pressure.

If the thermal layering is disturbed blocked etc. hot air will travel out on top and cool air will travel in on the bottom

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2
Q

What is the definition of fuel limited?

A

The heat release rate of the fire is limited primarily by the chemical and physical characteristics of the available fuels.

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3
Q

Define hydraulic ventilation

A

Using water flow to draw the air out of a structure

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4
Q

Define mechanical ventilation

A

Using machinery and/or devices to assist in the movement of air like positive pressure fans and building systems

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5
Q

Define natural ventilation

A

Allowing air to naturally move without any assistance lake wind opening windows creating openings at the highest point of the structure

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6
Q

Define tactical ventilation

A

The planned systematic and coordinated removal of heat smoke and fire gases and the replacement with cooler fresh air

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7
Q

Define vent limited

A

A fire in which heat release rate and fire growth are regulated by the available oxygen within the space

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8
Q

What are some indicators of a fuel limited fire?

A 
Indicators may include: 
An incipient or early growth fire 
High neutral plane
Better visibility
Relatively low temperatures
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9
Q

What are some indicators of a vent limited fire?

A

Fire is beyond incipient stage

Mid to low neutral plane

Poor visibility

Flames exiting outside a window or door

Air drawn into the fire when doors are opened

Increased temperatures but will be declining if in decay stage

All common Backdraft indicators

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10
Q

What is a ventilation profile?

A

The ventilation points showing the flow paths of heat and smoke out of the structure as well as any air movement into the structure

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11
Q

What should be considered when determining a structure’s ventilation profile?

A 
Existing and/or potential flow path
The location and stage of the fire
Fuel or vent limited
Wind direction
Exposures
Rescue or suppression
Building layout and construction
Integrated ventilation systems
Smoke conditions:
volume velocity density colour
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12
Q

What is the purpose of door control?

A

Controlling fresh air flow to feed a developing fire by opening or closing a door.
Closing a door immediately upon arrival will help control the heat release rate of the fire

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13
Q

What should be considered when choosing your tactical plan for ventilation?

A

Tactics that complement the IAP

The location of personnel committed to interior operations

Occupant location

How tactics may affect flow paths, fire behaviour and operational time frames

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14
Q

When is any PPV usage utilized?

A

After fire control

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15
Q

After PPV operations when should consideration be made of discontinuing the use of the fan?

A

When checking for extension

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16
Q

Where should a PPV fan be placed?

A

For complete airflow coverage of the inlet

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17
Q

Define backflow as it relates to a PPA?

A

Pressurized air coming out at the inlet point

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18
Q

Define transitional attack

A

Offensive fire attack initiated by an exterior indirect hand line operation into the fire compartment to initiate cooling while transitioning into interior direct fire attack in coordination with ventilation

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19
Q

What needs to happen if a positive pressure attack is initiated and heavy smoke or fire is exhausting out the inlet point?

A

Create a larger/additional exhaust

Throttle down the fan; reattempt

20
Q

What considerations should the IC consider prior to committing to a PPA operation?

A

360 size up has been completed

Flow paths have been determined

Confirm any VEIS operations are complete and protected themselves and the occupant

Fire location is determined
Fire does not involve the structure

Minimum two crews on scene

Exhaust locations have been determined

21
Q

Where should fans be placed for a positive pressure attack?

A

The point of entry from the unburned side of a fire

2 m back from the entry point

Create a pressure ”cone” effect around the door

22
Q

What are the three basic terms when deciding whether to continue with the PPA attack or terminate it

A 
Improves the atmosphere
 - continue with it
Makes no change
- review all aspects, re-position if necessary
Worsening atmosphere 
 - discontinue its use
23
Q

What is the preferred flow path if available?

A

Upwind to downwind

24
Q

What is the preferred tactical consideration for a positive pressure attack?

A

Combining a transitional attack simultaneously with a PPA

25
Q

How long should personnel wait for the fan to input into the structure before entering?

A

30 to 60 seconds

26
Q

If possible what should the exhaust outlet ratio be for a positive pressure attack

A

2:1 to the entry or at a minimum 1:1 to the entry

27
Q

What may occur at the exhaust as a result of positive pressure?

A

A blow torch effect

28
Q

What type of chemicals or environment is not conducive to a positive pressure attack?

A

Class B chemicals
Potential for a dust explosion
Larger, open spaces, high ceilinged structures

29
Q

Define evacuation stairwell

A

Stairwell utilized for evacuation operations generally suitable for civilians

30
Q

Define operations stairwell

A

Stairwell utilized for firefighting operations with possibly propped open doors generally unsuitable for civilians

31
Q

Define set up as it refers to high rise ventilation?

A

Two fans in series one placed in front of the other approximately 1.5 to 2 m between them

32
Q

What is a stack affect as it refers to a high-rise ventilation?

A

Also known as a chimney effect is the movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flu gas stacks, or other containers, resulting from air buoyancy.

33
Q

What is a ventilation sector officer (VSO)?

A

Officer of an apparatus designated to plan and coordinate ventilation of a structure

34
Q

What is said about air buoyancy as a result of a stack effect or chimney effect?

A

The greater the thermal difference and the height of the structure, the greater the buoyancy force and thus the stack effect

35
Q

What is the responsibility of a third arriving apparatus at a high-rise structure fire?

A

Unless otherwise assigned or directed begin to set up for ventilating

36
Q

What is done if the third arriving apparatus is assigned other duties at a high-rise structure fire?

A

The IC shall designate an apparatus to complete the ventilation set up

37
Q

True or false: entry control operations are to be conducted by a third driving apparatus of a high-rise emergency

A

False: third apparatus personnel shall set up at the exterior exit of the operation stairwell and not be expected to conduct entry control ops

38
Q

Once set up has been established at the operation stairwell what do the 4 apparatus personnel do next?

A

2 members have begun the ascent to upper floors

2 remaining personnel move to the evacuation exit stairwell and perform an identical set up as done at the operations exit

If only 1 personnel remains contact IC for additional assistance

39
Q

What are the two members of the third arriving apparatus at a high-rise structure fire who have begun the ascent to upper floors trying to determine?

A

Effectiveness of the ventilation/pressurization efforts

Assisting/redirecting evacuating occupants

Assisting/rescuing found occupants and fire personnel

Observing heat and smoke conditions on all floors (only report significant conditions)

Locating exhaust points (roof hatches, etc)

Removing immediate smoke from upper stairwells

40
Q

What are the options for ventilating once a fire is contained to unit of origin in a high rise structure fire

A

Area of origin - through a door/window

Across/nearby the area of origin

Roof access

Smoke shafts

41
Q

How are smoke shafts utilized for ventilation?

A

Utilizing existing smoke shafts if equipped to remove the smoke

42
Q

How is the area of origin used for ventilation?

A

Utilizing windows and/or doors using pressurize stairwells and subsequent hallway to move the smoke out through the area of origin

43
Q

How is across/nearby the area of origin an option for ventilation

A

Utilizing windows and/or doors in an area nearby the area of origin using the pressurized stairwells and subsequent hoping to move the smoke out through an area nearby the area of origin

44
Q

How was roof access an option for ventilating?

A

Utilizing an established exhaust to remove the smoke (roof hatch/mandoor)

45
Q

What needs to be considered when determining the best option for ventilating a high-rise structure?

A

Natural wind

Stack effect

Acting Capt Exam 2021 (34 decks)

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