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AP Psych > Social Psychology (Unit 13) > Flashcards

Social Psychology (Unit 13) Flashcards

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1
Q

The study of how groups and cultures shape our perceptions, attitudes, and behavior:

A

Social Psychology

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2
Q

Looks at how social and situational factors can influence us in both positive and negative ways:

A

Social Psych

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3
Q

Research by social psychologists have raised _____ questions - use deception and manipulation to get as accurate results as possible:

A

Ethical

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4
Q

General term for two or more individuals sharing common goals and interests, interacting, and influencing each other’s behavior:

A

Group Dynamics

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5
Q

Implicit or explicit rules that apply to all members of a group and govern acceptable behavior and attitudes:

A

Norms

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6
Q

A set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave:

A

Roles

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7
Q

Experiment was ended on the 6th day to preserve the participants’ well-being:

A

1972 Stanford Prison Experiment

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8
Q

Who ran the 1972 Stanford Prison Experiment?

A

Philip Zimbardo

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9
Q

“Slacker”; when working in groups, this person leaves the work for the other members who take on the leadership role because group assessments are being made:

A

Self-Loafing

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10
Q

While working in groups, we lose some self awareness and engage in behavior that is unusual or uncharacteristic for us because of this group anonymity:

A

Deindividuation

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11
Q

Tendency to perform well-learned tasks better in front of others:

A

Social Facilitation

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12
Q

When first learning a task, performing it in front of others lead to someone not doing a good job:

A

Social Impairment

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13
Q

Decisions reached by a group are often more extreme than those made by any single individual:

A

Group Polarization

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14
Q

Disastrous sequence of group polarization when group members are so driven to reach unanimous decision that they no longer truly evaluate the repercussions or implications of their decisions:

A

Groupthink

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15
Q

A group who takes responsibility for criticizing or ostracizing members who do not agree with the rest of the group:

A

Mind Guard

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16
Q

The person who thinks differently than everyone else can sway the opinions of others:

A

Minority Infleunce

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17
Q

We tend to give a casual explanation for someone’s behavior:

A

Attribution

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18
Q

One that holds an individual responsible for his/her behavior:

A

Dispositional Attribution

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19
Q

One that looks at factors from the environment to explain why someone acts the way that they did:

A

Situational Attribution

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20
Q

Phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive/negative traits is used to infer other uniformly positive/negative characteristics:

A

Halo Effect

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21
Q

We attribute our achievements and successes to personal stable causes and our failures to situational factors:

A

Self-Serving Bias

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22
Q

Tendency to underestimate the impact of situational factors and overestimate the impact of personal factors when assessing why other people acted the way they did:

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

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23
Q

Belief that people get what they deserve:

A

Just-World Hypothesis

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24
Q

Tendency to let our preconceived expectations of others influence how we treat them, thus bringing about the very behavior we expected to come true:

A

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

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25
Q

Teachers were told to expect certain students to be smart, so the teachers treated those students differently:

A

“Bloomer Study” or the Rosenthal Effect

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26
Q

Who ran the Bloomer Study?

A

Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobsen

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27
Q

First impression:

A

Primacy Effect

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28
Q

Change their first impression due to new evidence:

A

Recency Effect

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29
Q

Incorrect inference about behavior:

A

Misattribution

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30
Q

Individuals’ tendency to believe that they are more similar to others in attitudes or behaviors than is actually the case:

A

False Consensus Effect

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31
Q

Tendency to underestimate the extent to which they are similar to others:

A

False Uniqueness Effect

32
Q

Tendency for people to discount the likelihood of one cause for behavior when they are strongly aware of another cause:

A

Discounting

33
Q

Anytime 2+ groups come in conflict with each other, the potential for conflict or cooperation arises:

A

Interpersonal Perception

34
Q

Mental schemas society attributes uncritically to different groups:

A

Stereotypes

35
Q

An unjustified negative attitude an individual has for another based solely on that persons’ membership in a group; often used on bias or stereotypes and often caused by social learning and/or motivation theory:

A

Prejudice

36
Q

Occurs when prejudiced attitudes result in unjustified behavior toward members of that group:

A

Discrimination

37
Q

When our self-worth is in doubt or in jeopardy, we become frustrated and find others to blame:

A

Scapegoat Theory

38
Q

Basic belief that our culture is superior to others:

A

Ethnocentrism

39
Q

Leads to in-group/out-group belief system that is based on limited info about others:

A

Ethnocentrism

40
Q

Proposes that equal statues contact between antagonistic groups should lower tension and increase harmony:

A

Contact Theory

41
Q

Used by social psychologists offer a solution to group conflicts:

A

Contact Theory

42
Q

Split 20 boys into two groups and allowed each group to bond or a week then engaged in competitive games against the other group which lead to fights:

A

Muzafer Sherif’s Boys’ Camp Study

43
Q

Created a superoridnate goal/emergency situation that required joint cooperation of both groups to solve:

A

Muzafer Sherif’s Boys’ Camp Study

44
Q

Created by Elliott Aronson and Alex Gonzalez:

A

Jigsaw Classoom

45
Q

Integration of Mexican-American students into Texas public schools; sterotypes disapperad and self-concept and performance improved:

A

Jigsaw Classroom

46
Q

A framework that provides an understanding for how to strike a balance between cooperation and competition, and can be useful in strategic decision-making:

A

Prisoners Dilemma

47
Q

Changing one’s behavior to make it agree with the attitudes of a group:

A

Conformity

48
Q

Participants knowingly gave wrong answers to gain social approval of other subjects:

A

Solomon Asch’s Conformity Study

49
Q

Giving into the requests of others even at our own expense:

A

Compliance

50
Q

Tendency to comply with a large request if we have previously complied with a smaller request:

A

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

51
Q

You do something for me, I do something for you:

A

Reciprocity

52
Q

Someone offers an initially cut-rate price, but then “ups the ante” with additional costs we assumed were included:

A

Low-Ball Technique

53
Q

Someone makes a very large request we are almost certain to refuse and follows this up with a smaller one later on which we comply with due to guilt:

A

Door-in-the-Face Technique

54
Q

Ordinary people who are not hostile can become agents of destruction when ordered to commit acts by someone they perceive as a legitimate authority figure:

A

Stanley Milgram’s Obedience Study

55
Q

Learned predispositions to respond in a favorable or unfavorable way to a specific object, person, or event:

A

Attitude

56
Q

Repeated exposure to novel stimulus increase the liking of the stimulus:

A

Mere Exposure Effect

57
Q

Speaker uses facts, figures, and other information to enable the listener to carefully process the information and think about their opinions:

A

Central Route to Persuasion

58
Q

Superficial information is used to distract the audience to win favorable approval of their product:

A

Peripheral Route to Persuasion

59
Q

Scale in which subjects are asked how strongly they agree or disagree on each topic:

A

Likert Scale

60
Q

Attitudes are influenced by restrictions on behavior to which people react:

A

Reactance Theory

61
Q

Situations in which individual rewards come into conflict with the optimal outcome for the group:

A

Social Trap

62
Q

Tension that results from holding conflicting beliefs, attitudes, opinions, and values or when our actions do not coincide with these cognitions:

A

Cognitive Dissonance

63
Q

Woman attacked and stabbed at her apartment complex and no one helped or called the police:

A

Kitty Genovese Story

64
Q

Reduce the sense of personal responsibility that one feels to help another in need and increases in proportion to the size of the group present:

A

Diffusion of Responsibility Phenomenon

65
Q

Reluctance to act in front of others:

A

Audience Inhibition

66
Q

You interpret that others lack of action means there is no emergency:

A

Pluralistic Ignorance

67
Q

Helpful, selfless behavior:

A

Altruism

68
Q

Expectation that people, especially authority figures, help others even at a cost to them:

A

Social Responsibility Norm

69
Q

Tendency to like those who like us:

A

Reciprocity Effect

70
Q

State of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of the other:

A

Passionate/Romantic Love

71
Q

Strong affection we have for those with whom our lives are deepy involved:

A

Companionate Love

72
Q

Act of delivering an aversive stimulus to an unwilling victim or an attempt to strike out against something or someone seen as the cause of the discomfort:

A

Aggression

73
Q

Purpose to satisfy some goal behavior or benefit by harming someone else:

A

Instrumental Aggression

74
Q

Results when a person feels pain, anger, or frustration; has an emotional connection:

A

Hostile Aggression

75
Q

When one is prevented or inhibited from reaching a goal they will experience frustration and react with aggression:

A

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

76
Q

Freud and Lorenz believe aggression is an ____:

A

Instinct

77
Q

Other theorists believe aggression is a _____ normative behavior:

A

Learned

AP Psych (42 decks)

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