Motivation and Hunger (Unit 9) Flashcards
A psychological process that initiates, sustains, directs, and terminates actions:
Motivation
Three types of motivation:
- Biological/Primary Motive
- Stimulus
- Learned
Based on biological needs for survival:
Biological Motive
Our need for information, learning, and stimulation:
Stimulus Motivation
Learned needs, drives, goals:
Learned Motivation
_____ or _____ motivation:
Extrinsic; Intrinsic
Hopelesness or passive resignation that is learned when unable to avoid repeated aversive event:
Learned Helplessness
Tendency to do things that contribute to failure then use these things as excuses for failure in performance, activities, or achieving goals:
Self-Handicapping Behaviors
The complex, inherited behavior patterns characteristic of a species:
Instinct
Behaviors in response to stimuli that once started, continue until completion:
Fixed Action Patterns
Natural selection passes on favorable characteristics:
Charles Darwin
Said instincts motivate sex and aggression:
Sigmund Freud
Ethologist who studied baby geese, came up with “imprinting”:
Konrad Lorenz
The attachment created with the first thing a newborn sees/feels after birth:
Imprinting
Lack of some biological essential:
Need
Energized emotional state that pushes a person to do something:
DRive
All need-drive behavioral explanations follow a ______ _______:
Familiar pattern
Drive Reduction Theory by:
Clark Hull
Need: _____
Drive: ______
Response/Behavior: ______
Goal: ____
- Hunger
- Push to eat
- Find food
- Satisfied/Homeostasis
Return to a state of homeostasis:
Goal
Actual behaviors that reduce the drive may be ______:
Learned
Incentive Theory by:
Kenneth Spence
Incentive Theory: ______ motivation: A ________ or _______ environmental stimulus that motivates behavior, pulling us towards a goal:
External; positive; negative
Proposes that people/animals are motivated to perform because they are trying to maintain optimal levels of physiological arousal:
Optimal Arousal Theory
People are motivated to behave so that they stay _______ aroused all the time:
Moderately
We perform most activities best when we are moderately aroused:
Yerkes-Dodson Law
When our arousal is ____, performance suffers (uninterested, inattentive):
Low
When our arousal is _____ our performance suffers (anxious, overwhelmed)
High
A difficult task is better completed with a ____ level of arousal:
Low
An easy task is better completed with a ____ level of arousal:
High
Self-Actualization Theory by:
Abraham Maslow
Listed our priorities into a pyramid to provide a framework for thinking about motivation:
Self-Actualization Theory
1 on Pyramid:
Physiological Needs
2 on Pyramid:
Safety Needs
3 on Pyramid:
Belongingness and Love Needs
4 on Pyramid:
Esteem Needs
5 on Pyramid:
Self-Actualization Needs
The Self-Actualization Theory is not _______ fixed:
Universally
Who studied effects of lesions on the hypothalamus:
Olds and Milner
What is the “pleasure center” for motives like eating, drining, and sex?
The hypothalamus
Lateral (sides of) hypothalamus ____ behavior:
Excites
Ventromedial (lower middle) hypothalamus ____ behavior:
Inhibits
Glucose is a form of ____ that comes from food and circulates in the blood and provides a major source of ____:
Sugar; energy
A hormone released by the pancreas and must be present for cells to use glucose. It regulates the level of glucose in the blood:
Insulin
High insulin + low blood glucose =
Hunger
Levels are monitored by neurons in the ____, liver, and intestines; they send signals to the brain
Stomach
Low glucose in the blood which will increase body temp, heart rate and cause shakiness, childs, and irritable mood:
Hypoglycemic
Glucose stays in blood and can’t move to cells:
Diabetes
Genetic; Can produce enough insulin:
Type 1 Diabetes
Body unable to use insulin (90% of population):
Type 2 Diabetes
Key control center for motivated behavior:
Hypothalamus
Sides of hypothalamus that trigger hunger:
Later
Sides of hypothalamus that trigger hunger:
Lateral Hypothalamus
Reduction of blood glucose stimulates _____ _____ in the lateral hypothalamus which leads one to eat ravenously:
Orexin Production
A hormone released in the stomach when you need to eat. It carries the hunger singla to the LH:
Ghrelin
The lower middle part that regulates fullness:
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
This receives information from satiety hormones Leptin and PYY:
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
This is secreted by fat cells and reaches the VH to stop:
Leptin
People with _____ leptin levels overeat, which can lead to obesity:
Low
Orexin increases and hunger _____:
Increases
Ghrelin increases and hunger _____:
Increases
Insulin increases and hunger ______:
Increases
Leptin increases and hunger _____:
Decreases
PYY increases and hunger ____:
Decreases
The part of the hypothalamus that regulates eating behavior due to stimulation/inhibition of neurotransmitters:
Paraventricular Nucleus
_____ can lead to a sugar high:
Carbs
______ increases desire for cards:
Epinephrine
Some foods trigger the release of ____, leading to a feeling of pleasure:
Serotonin
Weight range in which the body performs optimally and the person stays without any effect:
Set Point
Set point is influenced by the person’s _____ __________ ____:
Basil Metabolic Rate
______ influeces eating:
Learning
Food is associated with ________:
Environments
____ motivates eating behaviors; other tastes are _____:
Culture; Conditioned
Life threatening disorder that involves intense fear of weight gain, distorted perception of weight/body shape, and persistent restriction of caloric intake leading to extreme weight loss and damage to physical health:
Anorexia Nervosa
Anorexia usually develops in ________; more ____ (1 out of 10):
Adolescence; Females
Marked by repeated episodes of secretive binging followed by purging:
Bulimia Nervosa
_____ of those with anorexia also display binge-purge depression symptoms of bulimia:
Half
A disorder characterizd by being excessively overweight:
Obesity
Obesity can be genetic, with a link to:
Chromosome 15
