Intelligence (Unit 8) Flashcards
The capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges:
Intelligence
Believed intelligence is inherited which is called heritability - believed to be 50-80% of intelligence:
Sir Francis Galton
Suggested eugenics:
Sir Francis Galton
Promote reproduction for highly intelligent and potential sterilization for those with “less desirable traits”:
Eugenics
Popularized the phrase “nature and nurture”:
Sir Francis Galton
People paid to receive his assessment of their IQ:
Sir Francis Galton
What did Galton base people’s IQ on? (4)
- Reaction Time
- Sensory Acuity
- Muscular Power
- Body proportions
Felt people’s mental abilities can be quantitatively measured:
Sir Francis Galton
Was asked to distinguish between students unwilling to learn and those unable to learn:
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Created separate norms for students according to their chronological age:
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Implied intelligence is relative to age:
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
They assumed that all children follow the same course of intellectual development:
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Created mental age:
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Learned toward an environmental explanation to why a child is “slow” or average:
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Founded modern intelligence testing:
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Stanford University professor who imported Binet’s work in 1911 after Binet’s death:
Lewis Terman
Revised Binet’s test and called the new test the Stanford-Binet:
Lewis Terman
U.S. used Terman’s test during WWl to test recruits:
Stanford-Binet Test
Used to support the Immigration Restriction Act of 1924:
Stanford-Binet Test
Took Terman’s test to derive the Intelligence Quotient (IQ):
William Stern
Mental age divided by chronological age X 100:
IQ
Average IQ:
100
Created the G factor:
Charles Spearman
Factor that underlies the specific mental abilities and is measured on every task on an intelligence test:
General Intelligence or G Factor
Statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test:
Factor Analysis
Created a series of age-based intelligence tests:
David Wechsler
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ages:
6-16 (most used IQ test)
Yale professor who created the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence:
Robert Sternberg
What is assessed in intelligence tests:
Analytical Intelligence (problem solving)
Use experience to foster insight and adapt to novel situations:
Creative Intelligence (different experiences)
Ability to read and adapt to everyday life:
Practical Intelligence (street smarts)
G factor does not underlie all intelligence; it comes in multiple forms:
Howard Gardner
Created the Multiple Intelligence Theory:
Howard Gardner
Reading, writing, telling stories, memorizing dates, thinking in words:
Verbal Linguistic
Math, reasoning, logic, problem-solving, patterns:
Logical Mathematical
Reading maps, charts, drawing, mazes, puzzles, visualization:
Visual Spatial
Athletics, dancing, acting, crafts, using tools:
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Singing, picking up sounds, remembering melodies, rhythms:
Musical Rhythmic
Understanding people:
Interpersonal
Understanding self:
Intrapersonal
Understanding nature:
Naturalist
_____ notes that brain damage may diminish one type of ability but not others:
Gardner
Passion and perserverance in the pursuit of long-term goals:
Grit
Ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions:
Emotional Intelligence
Created Emotional Intelligence:
Daniel Goleman
Some believe Emotional Intelligence is more ____ in our present day world than traditional cognitive views:
Valuable
How fast people can retrieve info from memory influences IQ:
Processing Speed
How fast one can take in info determines if you score:
Perceptual Speed
Brain response is faster with those with higher IQ’s:
Neurological Speed
Measures one’s capacity for learning:
Aptitude Test
Measures what one has already learned:
Achievement Test
Define a person’s score by comparing the performance to a pre-tested “standardized” group; needs to be tested on a large representative body and administered and scored the same way:
Standardization
Bell shaped curve where scores fall near average and few lie in the extremes:
Normal Curve
The extent to which a test yields to consistent results and can be assessed 3 ways:
Reliability
Scores on two halves of the test are compared:
Split-Half
Varying versions of the test are given and results are compared:
Alternative Form
The same test is re-administered and results are compared:
Test-Retest
The ______ the correlation between the two scores, the higher the test’s reliability:
Higher
Test measures or predicts what it is supposed to:
Validity
The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest:
Content Validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict:
Predictive Validity
- Crystallized Intelligence
- Fluid Intelligence
- Short-term Memory:
Stanford-Binet Test
Learned knowledge (verbal and quantitative reasoning):
Crystallized Intellignece
Crystallized Intelligence _____ with age - peak at 50
Increases
Cognitive abilities that require speed and rapid processing:
Fluid Intelligence
Fluid Intelligence ____ with age - peak at 30:
Decreases
- Contains both a verbal scale and a performance scale
- Has shown that IQ at age 4 is a strong prediction for IQ at age 18:
WISC/WAIS
Score 2 standard deviations below the mean:
Intellectually Disabled
Score 2 standard deviations above the mean:
Intellectually Gifted
Score 4 standard deviations above the mean:
Genius
_____ tests are a better predictor of ID or gifted:
Wechsler’s
- Difficulty reading
- Reverse numbers, letters, or words
- Poor writing skills
- Trouble remembering
- Easily distracted and frustrated
- Disorganized and clumsy
Characteristics of Learning Disabled
Can self-care, hold job, may live independently, form social relationships:
Mild (IQ 55-70)
May self-care, hold menial job, function in assisted living environments:
Moderate (IQ 35-45 and 50-55)
Limited language and self care, lack social skills, require care:
Severe (IQ 20-34)
Require complete care:
Profound (IQ under 20)
Factors that Influence Intelligence:
1. _______ _______ during pregnancy
2. _____ defects
3. Difficulties in the _____ ______
4. ______ _______ after birth
5. _____-______/_______
- Mother’s actions
- Gemetoc
- Birth Process
- Stimulation Environment
- Head-Start/Preschool
Observed when tests were renormed, more questions were needed to be answered correctly to earn the same score:
Flynn Effect
IQ scores have risen steadily by an average of ___ ponts:
27
Why are tests scores rising?
1. Better ______, _____ ____, and ____
2. Smaller _____
3. Better _____
4. Increased ______
- Nutrition, Health Care, Technology
- Families
- Parenting
- Education
