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AP Psych > Genetics (Unit 11) > Flashcards

Genetics (Unit 11) Flashcards

1
Q

A long threadlike structure made largely of DNA molecules:

A

Chromosome

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2
Q

__ pairs of ___ total:

A

23; 46

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3
Q

Chromosome pairs 1-22:

A

Autosomes

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4
Q

Found both in men and women but men have one and women have two:

A

X Chromosome

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5
Q

When paired with the X chromosome from the mother, a male child is produced:

A

Y Chromosome

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6
Q

Presence of 3 copies of the autosome 21:

A

Down Syndrome

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7
Q

-Typically have a round head and flat nasal bridge
-Poor muscle tone and coordination
-Intellectually Disabled

A

Down Syndrome

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8
Q

Females who have only one X sex chromosome; typically short, webbed, fingers, sterile, learning impaired:

A

Turner Syndrome

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9
Q

Males arise from an XXY zygote, have feminine characteristics, normally mentally impaired; occurs on eout of every 900 males:

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

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10
Q

Taller than usual, moderate to sever acne, homosexual behaviors, impulsive, more prevalent

A

XYY Males

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11
Q

A segment of DNA containing the code for a particular protein or trait; determines individuals’ biological inheritance:

A

Genes

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12
Q

Subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and function of genes:

A

Molecular Genetics

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13
Q

Study of environmental influences of gene expression that occur without a DNA change:

A

Epigenetics

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14
Q

The expression of the genes:

A

Phenotype

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15
Q

The genetic makeup of an individual:

A

Genotype

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16
Q

The biochemical letters that form the building locks of DNA:

A

Nucleotides

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17
Q

A (______) and T (______) pair:

A

Adenine and Thymine

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18
Q

C (______) and G (______) pair:

A

Cytosine and Guanine

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19
Q

A change in the order of the DNA bases and is the source of all genetic diversity:

A

Mutation

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20
Q

Controls the appearance of a certain trait:

A

Dominant Genes

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21
Q

Degeneration of the nervous system:

A

Huntington’s Disease

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22
Q

Controls the appearance only if paired with another recessive gene:

A

Recessive Genes

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23
Q

Progressive loss of nervous function in a baby that becomes obvious around 6 months of age when a baby can’t sit up:

A

Tay-Sachs Syndrome

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24
Q

Synthesize or store melanin and involves abnormal nerve pathways to brain:

A

Albinism

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25
Q

Severe, irreversible brain damage because infant cannot digest amino acid which builds up and poisons the nervous system cells:

A

PKU

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26
Q

The spiraling complex molecule containing genetic information that makes up the chromosomes:

A

DNA

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27
Q

The complete instructions for making an organism:

28
Q

The study of how genetic differences within a species are related to behavior differences:

A

Behavior Genetics

29
Q

Proportion of variation of a trait due to genetics:

A

Heritability

30
Q

Used to learn about the effects of environment on behavior:

A

Twin Studies

31
Q

Develop from a single zygote that splits in two, creating two genetic replicas:

A

Identical Twins

32
Q

Develop from separate zygotes, no more similar than brothers and sisters:

A

Fraternal Twins

33
Q

Prenatal development and the newborn beings the moment of _____:

A

Conception

34
Q

Three phases of gestation prior to birth:

A
  1. Zygote
  2. Embryo
  3. Fetus
35
Q

The fertilized egg; enters a two week period of rapid cell division:

36
Q

Developing human organism from 2 weeks through the 8 weeks:

37
Q

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth:

38
Q

Result in weaker child who is susceptible to disease:

A

Malnutrition

39
Q

Harmful chemicals or viruses that reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm:

A

Teratogens

40
Q

Cause physical abnormalities along with low birth weight and cognitive impairment:

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

41
Q

Palms are touched and the baby grasps tightly:

42
Q

Cheek is stroked or the side of the mouth is touched and the baby turns toward the source and sucks:

43
Q

Mouth is touched by an object and the baby sucks the object:

44
Q

There is a sudden movement or loud noise and the baby startles, thrusts arms out, then pulls them back in:

45
Q

Infant is held upright with feet touching the ground and the baby moves its feet in a walking motion:

46
Q

The sole of the foot is stroked and the baby splays toes and twists foot in:

47
Q

The ball of the foot is stroked and the baby curl its toes under:

48
Q

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation:

A

Habituation

49
Q

Sequential biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior:

A

Maturation

50
Q

Growth is influenced by ____ and _____ factors:

A

Genetic and Environemntal

51
Q

______ skills develop parallel to ____ development:

A

Motor; Brain

52
Q

Motor development proceeds from ____ motor skills to _____ motor skills:

A

Gross; small

53
Q

Gross Motor Skill: Lifts Head
Fine Motor Skill: Grasps rattle briefly

54
Q

Gross Motor Skill: Lifts self by arms, rolls from side to back
Fine Motor Skill: Glances from object to another

A

8-10 Weeks

55
Q

Gross Motor Skill: Sits with support
Fine Motor Skill: Carries object to mouth, can hold two object

A

16-18 Weeks (4 Months)

56
Q

Gross Motor Skill: Sits w/out support
Fine Motor Skill: Transfer object from hand to hand

A

5-7 Months

57
Q

Gross Motor Skill: Crawls
Fine Motor Skill: Pincer Grasp

A

7-9 Months

58
Q

Gross Motor Skill: Stands and walks holding on
Fine Motor Skill: Pushes car along, hits cup with spoon, shows hand preference, scribbles with crayon

A

10-12 Months

59
Q

Gross Motor Skill: Stands alone, walks alone
Fine Motor Skill: Builds up to 3 cube towers, opens book, turn 2-3 pages at a time

A

12-18 Months

60
Q

Gross Motor Skill: Runs, jumps, climbs
Fine Motor Skill: Turns single pages, cuts with scissors

61
Q

Refers to whether someone experiences the self as a male or female:

A

Gender Identity

62
Q

Behaviors, traits, and attitudes associated with males and females:

A

Gender Role

63
Q

The process of learning the roles associated with the distinctions between males and females in a culture:

A

Gender Typing

64
Q

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another:

A

Cross-Sectional Study

65
Q

A study in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period:

A

Longitudinal Study

AP Psych (42 decks)

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