Social & Cultural Diversity #2 Flashcards
_______________ can be defined as that which pertains to a large group of individuals who are characterized by national, religious, linguistic, or cultural attributes.
Ethnicity
The term _______________ _______________ _______________ is used to describe a child who is raised primarily in a culture that is different from their parent’s culture during their formative years.
Third culture kid (TCK)
That most countries have an official language, a stated viewpoint, and a central government is represented mainly by _______________ ________________.
National culture
A _______________ is a self-perpetuating independent group which occupies a definitive territory.
Society
_______________ uses one’s own culture as a yardstick to measure all others and assumes that one’s own group is superior.
Ethnocentrism
_______________ suggests that ethnic and racial minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from the majority or dominant culture.
Acculturation
_______________ is said to occur when an individual has such a high level of acculturation that they become part of the dominant macro or majority culture.
Assimilation
The term _______________ _______________ refers to the personality which is characteristic or typical of a given group of people.
Modal personality
Social exchange theory postulates that a relationship will endure if _______________.
The rewards are greater than the cost.
________________ ________________ states that a relationship becomes stronger as two people’s personality needs mesh and suggests that one person’s personality can make up what is lacking or missing in the other’s personality.
Complementarity theory
_______________ ______________ postulates a move from cognitive inconsistency to consistency and a tendency to achieve a balanced cognitive state.
Balance theory
According to Leon Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory an _______________-_______________ _______________ occurs when a decision must be made between two appealing choices.
Approach-approach conflict
The _______________ _______________ indicates the number of people who will help a victim in distress decreases and the time it will take for someone to intervene increases as the number of onlookers increases.
Bystander effect (or bystander apathy)
The assumption made by individuals within a group that someone else will step in and take charge during a crisis is called _______________ _______________ _______________.
Diffusion of responsibility
Cognitive dissonance research deals mainly with _______________ and _______________ _______________.
Cognition and attitude formation
In intercultural or multicultural counseling, the term *therapeutic surrender * means _______________.
The client psychologically surrenders themselves to a counselor from a different culture and becomes open with feelings and thoughts.
Research literature suggests these five factors as helpful in promoting therapeutic surrender:
- Rapport
- Trust
- Listening
- Conquering client resistance
- Self-disclosure
In assimilation contrast theory, the when a client perceives a counselor’s dissimilar attitude as even more dissimilar it is called a ________________ _______________.
Contrast error
The term ______________ _______________ describes special, unearned advantages and opportunities that Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) don’t have.
White privilege
A _______________ _______________ describes a counselor who inaccurately perceives all people in a given group as being identical.
Monolithic perspective
In cross-cultural counseling the concept of _______________ asserts that counseling is most effective when the roles of the helper and helpee are clearly explained during the initial session.
Structuring
The three major barriers to intercultural counseling are:
- Culture-bound values
- Class-bound values
- Language differences
When a counselor misinterprets the emotional content of a word used by a client due to linguistic differences, the counselor has committed a _____________ _____________.
Connotative error
In cross-cultural counseling, an ________________ viewpoint emphasizes that each client is an individual with unique differences, while an _______________ viewpoint adheres to the theory that humans are the same regardless of background and culture.
- Emic (emphasizes differences)
- Etic (assumes sameness)
In intercultural counseling, the _______________ viewpoint asserts that change comes from the self, whereas the ______________ viewpoint suggests the client can cope best by changing or altering external factors in their environment.
- Autoplastic
- Alloplastic
