Social & Cultural Diversity #2

Question 1

_______________ can be defined as that which pertains to a large group of individuals who are characterized by national, religious, linguistic, or cultural attributes.

Answer 1

Ethnicity

Question 2

The term _______________ _______________ _______________ is used to describe a child who is raised primarily in a culture that is different from their parent’s culture during their formative years.

Answer 2

Third culture kid (TCK)

Question 3

That most countries have an official language, a stated viewpoint, and a central government is represented mainly by _______________ ________________.

Answer 3

National culture

Question 4

A _______________ is a self-perpetuating independent group which occupies a definitive territory.

Answer 4

Society

Question 5

_______________ uses one’s own culture as a yardstick to measure all others and assumes that one’s own group is superior.

Answer 5

Ethnocentrism

Question 6

_______________ suggests that ethnic and racial minorities integrate or adopt cultural beliefs and customs from the majority or dominant culture.

Answer 6

Acculturation

Question 7

_______________ is said to occur when an individual has such a high level of acculturation that they become part of the dominant macro or majority culture.

Answer 7

Assimilation

Question 8

The term _______________ _______________ refers to the personality which is characteristic or typical of a given group of people.

Answer 8

Modal personality

Question 9

Social exchange theory postulates that a relationship will endure if _______________.

Answer 9

The rewards are greater than the cost.

Question 10

________________ ________________ states that a relationship becomes stronger as two people’s personality needs mesh and suggests that one person’s personality can make up what is lacking or missing in the other’s personality.

Answer 10

Complementarity theory

Question 11

_______________ ______________ postulates a move from cognitive inconsistency to consistency and a tendency to achieve a balanced cognitive state.

Answer 11

Balance theory

Question 12

According to Leon Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory an _______________-_______________ _______________ occurs when a decision must be made between two appealing choices.

Answer 12

Approach-approach conflict

Question 13

The _______________ _______________ indicates the number of people who will help a victim in distress decreases and the time it will take for someone to intervene increases as the number of onlookers increases.

Answer 13

Bystander effect (or bystander apathy)

Question 14

The assumption made by individuals within a group that someone else will step in and take charge during a crisis is called _______________ _______________ _______________.

Answer 14

Diffusion of responsibility

Question 15

Cognitive dissonance research deals mainly with _______________ and _______________ _______________.

Answer 15

Cognition and attitude formation

Question 16

In intercultural or multicultural counseling, the term *therapeutic surrender * means _______________.

Answer 16

The client psychologically surrenders themselves to a counselor from a different culture and becomes open with feelings and thoughts.

Question 17

Research literature suggests these five factors as helpful in promoting therapeutic surrender:

Answer 17

1. Rapport
2. Trust
3. Listening
4. Conquering client resistance
5. Self-disclosure

Question 18

In assimilation contrast theory, the when a client perceives a counselor’s dissimilar attitude as even more dissimilar it is called a ________________ _______________.

Answer 18

Contrast error

Question 19

The term ______________ _______________ describes special, unearned advantages and opportunities that Black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) don’t have.

Answer 19

White privilege

Question 20

A _______________ _______________ describes a counselor who inaccurately perceives all people in a given group as being identical.

Answer 20

Monolithic perspective

Question 21

In cross-cultural counseling the concept of _______________ asserts that counseling is most effective when the roles of the helper and helpee are clearly explained during the initial session.

Answer 21

Structuring

Question 22

The three major barriers to intercultural counseling are:

Answer 22

1. Culture-bound values
2. Class-bound values
3. Language differences

Question 23

When a counselor misinterprets the emotional content of a word used by a client due to linguistic differences, the counselor has committed a _____________ _____________.

Answer 23

Connotative error

Question 24

In cross-cultural counseling, an ________________ viewpoint emphasizes that each client is an individual with unique differences, while an _______________ viewpoint adheres to the theory that humans are the same regardless of background and culture.

Answer 24

• Emic (emphasizes differences)
• Etic (assumes sameness)

Question 25

In intercultural counseling, the _______________ viewpoint asserts that change comes from the self, whereas the ______________ viewpoint suggests the client can cope best by changing or altering external factors in their environment.

Answer 25

• Autoplastic
• Alloplastic