Human Growth & Development #1 Flashcards
List Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development in order:
- Oral (Birth-1 Year)
- Anal (Ages 1-3 Years)
- Phallic (Ages 3-6 Years)
- Latency (Ages 6-12)
- Genital (Ages 12-Death)
List Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development in order:
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
(Infancy: Birth-18 months)
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
(Early Childhood: Ages 2-3 Years)
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
(Preschool: Ages 3-5 Years)
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
(School Age: Ages 6-11 Years)
Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence: Ages 12-18 Years)
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
(Young Adulthood: Ages 19-40 Years)
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
(Middle Adulthood: Ages 40-65 Years)
Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
(Maturity: Age 65-Death)
List Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development in order:
Stage 1: Sensorimotor Stage
(Birth-2 Years)
Stage 2: Preoperational Stage
(Ages 2-7)
Stage 3: Concrete Operational Stage
(Ages 7-11)
Stage 4: Formal Operational Stage
(Ages 12 and Up)
Freud’s stages are psychosexual, while Erikson’s stages are _______________.
Psychosocial
Ego psychologists, such as Erik Erikson, believe in _______________.
Man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior.
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire lifespan was _______________ _______________.
Erik Erikson
In Freudian theory, the id is also called the _______________ principle, while the ego is also called the ________________ principle, and the superego is also called the _______________ principle or the _______________.
- Pleasure principle (id)
- Reality principle (ego)
- Pleasure-pain principle or ego ideal (superego)
Sigmund Freud created which psychological theory?
Psychoanalytic
In Piaget’s theory, a child who has mastered the concept of conservation understands that ________________.
A substance’s weight, mass, and volume remain the same, even if the substance changes shape. (For instance when a tall, skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a short, squatty pitcher.)
A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as _______________.
Concrete Operations
(Ages 7-11 Years)
According to Freud, dreams are composed of a surface meaning referred to as ________________ and hidden meaning referred to as ________________.
- Manifest content (surface meaning)
- Latent content (hidden meaning)
The three major components of personality postulated by Freud are the ________________, _______________ & ________________.
Id, ego, and superego
The Piagetian concept of egocentrism occurs during the ________________ stage and conveys the fact that the child ________________.
- Preoperational Stage
- Cannot view the world from the vantage point of someone else.
A child demonstrates egocentrism in the Piagetian stage known as _______________.
Preoperational Stage
(Ages 2-7)
List the three primary levels of Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development in order:
Stage 1: Preconventional Morality
(Ages 0-9)
Stage 2: Conventional Morality
(Early adolescence-adulthood)
Stage 3: Postconventional Morality
(Some adults; rare)
The term identity crisis, coined by Erik Erikson, describes _______________.
The propensity for adolescents to experiment with various roles in an attempt to find out who they really are.
List Harry Stack Sullivan’s Interpersonal Stages of Development in order:
Stage 1: Infancy (Ages 0-2)
Stage 2: Childhood (Ages 2-6)
Stage 3: Juvenile Era (Ages 6-8 1/2)
Stage 4: Preadolescence (Ages 8 1/2-13)
Stage 5: Early Adolescence (Ages 13-15)
Stage 6: Late Adolescence (Ages 15-18)
Stage 7: Adulthood (Ages 18 on)
Trust vs. Mistrust is the _______________ stage in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development and focuses on _______________.
- First stage
- Developing faith in one’s environment and trusting future events or developing suspicion and fear of future events.
The final or 8th stage of Erikson’s psychosocial stages of development is _________________ and focuses on _________________.
- Integrity vs. Despair
- Experiencing a sense of integrity, fulfillment, and willingness to face death or a sense of dissatisfaction with life and despair over the prospect of death.
In Kohlberg’s first level of morality, called preconventional, an individual’s moral behavior is guided by _______________.
Consequences
In Kohlberg’s second level of morality, called conventional, is characterized by _______________.
A desire to live up to societal expectations and conform.
Kohlberg’s highest level of morality, postconventional, and describes an individual who has ________________.
Self-imposed morals and ethics.
Lev Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development describes ________________.
The difference between a child’s performance without a teacher vs. that which he or she is capable of with an instructor.
In Behaviorism, the maturation hypothesis, also known as the maturation theory, suggests ________________.
That behavior is guided exclusively by hereditary factors, but certain behaviors will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment and also require a certain level of neural developmental maturity.
British psychiatrist John Bowlby is most closely associated with _______________ and ______________.
Bonding and attachment
