Soc15: The Structure Of The Heart

Question 1

What are the three functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients, it helps clot blood and it controls the body’s temperature

Question 2

Cardio-respiratory system

Answer 2

The interaction of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles during exercise

Question 3

Cardiovascular

Answer 3

To do with the heart, blood and blood vessels together

Question 4

Vasodilation

Answer 4

When veins swell up or dilate; widening of the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to allow increased blood flow

Question 5

Vasoconstriction

Answer 5

When veins shrink down; narrowing of the internal diameter (lumen) of the blood vessel to decrease blood flow

Question 6

What is Vascular Shunting

Answer 6

• Your muscles need more blood for movement and so
move away from the organs to the muscles
• The process is called vascular shunting
° Your heart starts to beat faster and your blood vessels constrict into order to divert the blood to the muscles
° Your reflexes get faster and your muscles may tense up

Question 7

Arteries - 4 main characteristics

Answer 7

• Arteries take blood away from the heart
° Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic than veins as they carry blood
which is at a higher pressure than veins as they carry oxygenated blood
• The charnel the blood flows through, called the lumen, can widen to allow more
blood through when you so that it can reach the working muscles
° The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated
blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 8

Veins - 4 main characteristics

Answer 8

° Veins carry blood into the heart
• Veins have much thinner walls, are less elastic and carry blood at a lower
pressure
• Veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
° The pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood
from the lungs back to the heart

Question 9

Capillaries - 4 main characteristics

Answer 9

•Capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick
• At one end, capillaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and
nutrients to the muscles
•At the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste
products and taking them around the body to dispose of them
•Capilaries are where gaseous exchange takes place

Question 10

What is the role of the pulmonary vein

Answer 10

Transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 11

What is the role of the pulmonary artery

Answer 11

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 12

What is the role of the vena cava

Answer 12

Takes deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart

Question 13

What is the role of the aorta

Answer 13

Takes oxygenated blood around the body

Question 14

Importance of red blood cells

Answer 14

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs
Contain haemoglobin,which stores O2 and CO2

Question 15

Importance of white blood cells

Answer 15

Blood contains transparent cells
They have an important function as the defence system
Athlete can’t perform with disease

Question 16

Importance of platelets

Answer 16

What is the importance of platelets?
• slbod platelfets are formed in the bone marrow
• Tiny fagments that cump together to help blood cot and stop bleeding
Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound
• When a biood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell into irreaular
shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug
ta perforer sets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will ciot to sti

Question 17

Importance of plasma

Answer 17

• The main role af plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the
parts of the body that need it
• Gels also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps
mane this waste from the body