Soc 15 + 16 - Structure Of The Heart And Structure Of The Blood Vessels Flashcards
What are the characterisics of the artieries
Thick walls
More elastic than veins
Why are arteries more elastic than veins
They carry blood which is at a higher pressure than veins
What makes up the cardiovascular system?
Cardio means heart and vascular means blood vessels.
What are the three main functions of the CVS?
- Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients.
- It helps clot blood.
- It controls the body temperature.
What can a white blood cell do?
They can help reduce/stop infection.
What happens if you get too hot?
The blood vessels get close to the skin and get bigger (vasodilation). Blood is diverted to the surface to allow more heat to radiate out.
What happnes when you become too cold?
Your vessels get smaller (vasoconstriction) to avoid heat being lost.
Cardivascular fitness is defined as
The ability to exercise the whole body for long periods of time.
What is vascular shunting?
Process that increases blood flow to active areas duing exercise.
How does vascular shunting occur?
By diverting blood away from inactive areas; achieved by vasodilation and vasoconstriction.
What is the Cardio - respiratory system defition?
The interaction of the hesrt and lungs to supply oxygen to muscles duing exercise
What are the blood vessels?
Arteries
4 main characteristics of arteries?
They take the blood away from the heart.
Thick walls and are more elastic thsn veins as they carry blood which is at a higher pressure beacsuse of the oxygenated blood.
The channel the blood flows through, called the lumen, can widen to allow more blood through when you so that when you exercise, it can reach the working muscles
The pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What are veins?
Veins carry blood into the heart.
Much thinner walls , are leesmelastic and carry blood at a lower pressure.
Veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated
What are cappillaries?
Capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick
• At one end, capillaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to the muscles
• At the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste products and taking them around the body to dispose of them
• Capillaries are where gaseous exchange takes place
What is the importance of red blood cells?
Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the bodys cells, amd carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.
They contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide.
This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require more oxygen when running.
What is the importance of white blood cells?
The white blood cells are the defense system of the body.
They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases.
What is the importance of platelets?
Tiny fragments thats clump together to help blood clot snd stop bleeding.
Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound, when a blood vessel is cut platelets rush to the area and swell into irregular shapes, ghey become sticky and act as a plug.
What is the importance of plasma?
The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and protiens to parts of the body that need it.
Cells also put their waste products into the plasma.
What makes up the respiratory system?
The respiratory system inculdes:
Nose, Mouth, Throat, Voice Box, Windpipe, and Lungs and vessels
What are the main roles of the 3 blood vessels in the body?
Veins - Take deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Arteries -
Cappilaries -
What is the first phase of the heart pumping blood?
The first phase is known as the systolic phase
