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Infectious diseases I & II > Small ruminants 2/2 > Flashcards

Small ruminants 2/2 Flashcards

1
Q

Contagious agalactia is a contagious disease of sheep and goats, caused mainly by Mycoplasma agalactiae, and is characterized by (3)

A

mastitis, polyarthritis and keratoconjunctivitis.

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1
Q

Causative agent of contagious agalactia.
gram status

A

Mycoplasma agalactiae

But also other mycoplasma spp.:
M. capricolum subsp. capricolum
M. putrefaciens

M. mycoides subsp. capri
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony (LC)

Gram neg. of course

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2
Q

Survival of mycoplasma.

A

Relatively fragile in the environment.

Can produce biofilm – protects from heat and drying, enhance the survival.

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3
Q

Host range of contagious agalactia.

A

sheep and goats

M. agalactiae - both species

M. capricolum subsp. capricolum &
M. mycoides subsp. capri &
M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony (LC): Mainly goats, rarely sheep

M. putrefaciens – only goats

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4
Q

Transmission of contagious agalactia.

A

Excretion: all bodily fluids basically.

Direct contact
Indirect contact (feed, water)
Fomites
Aerosols

Route: alimentary, respiratory, through teat openings.

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5
Q

IP of contagious agalactia.

A

1-8 weeks

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6
Q

Clinical signs of contagious agalactia with M.agalactiae.

A

Clinical signs more severe in goats than in sheep.

Acute:
Transient fever, malaise, inappetence and mastitis & Agalactia.
Udder can atrophy and fibrose too.
Polyarthritis, keratoconjunctivitis poss. too.

Abortions in chronic cases

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7
Q

Contagious agalactia can be what forms/courses?

A

Asymptomatic, acute, chronic.

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8
Q

And what 3 main conditions can the acute form of disease caused by M.agalactiae produce?

A

mastitis
polyarthritis
keratoconjunctivitis

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9
Q

Clinical signs of Mycoplasma spp. other than M.agalactiae - in GOATS.

A

M. mycoides mycoides LC, M. mycoides capri, M. capricolum capricolum, M. putrefaciens:

Mainly in goats
Acute or hyperacute

Pneumonia and/or septicemia with fever, prostration, anorexia, generalized malaise.

Mortality is high, Sudden deaths

Mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis (tho No ocular signs with M. putrefaciens).

Abortion
Genital lesions

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10
Q

Clinical signs of Mycoplasma spp. other than M.agalactiae - in SHEEP.

A

M. mycoides mycoides LC: vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis (glans & prepuce inflamm.)

M. capricolum capricolum: genital lesions

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11
Q

Post mortem signs of contagious agalactia.

A

Signs of septicemia, pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis and/or keratoconjunctivitis.

Some cases: genital lesions such as vulvovaginitis, cystic catarrhal metritis and/or salpingitis; balanoposthitis or testicular degeneration.

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12
Q

Suspect contagious agalactia when

A

keratoconjunctivitis and arthritis presents in a herd with mastitis and decreased milk production, particularly when these signs develop near the time of parturition.

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13
Q

Material for diagnosis of contagious agalactia.

A

Nasal, conjunctival swabs
Joint fluid aspiration
Milk
Blood
Tissue samples – udder (and associated LNs), lung

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14
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of contagious agalactia.

A

Isolation of the organism – culture

Identifying the agent – PCR

Serology (complement fixation, ELISA) – for herd testing

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15
Q

Tx of contagious agalactia.

A

Tx: ABs

Results in symptomatic improvement; not so effective in chronic joint infections or keratoconjunctivitis.

May not eliminate the carriers!

16
Q

Prevention & control of contagious agalactia.

A

good management and hygiene

Isolation of the sick
Milking animals should be separated from the young

Regular testing + culling/isolation of the sick

Vaccination (prevents symptoms but not infection)

17
Q

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a contagious disease of sheep, caused by retrovirus, and is characterized by

A

pulmonary neoplasia.

18
Q

Causative agent for Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
genus
family
DNA type

A

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)
Also known as: pulmonary adenomatosis virus.

Genus Betaretrovirus,
family Retroviridae
RNA virus

19
Q

What is Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) also known as:

A

pulmonary adenomatosis virus

20
Q

Survival of JSRV.

A

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV)

Does not survive for long in the environment.

Susceptible to most common disinfectants.

21
Q

Host range of Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A

domesticated sheep

Most cases in sheep >2 years of age
(peaks: 3-4 years)

22
Q

Morbidity & mortality of Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A

Recently infected herds: high, <80% mortality

Longer presence: 2-5% (<20%) mortality

Incidence rate much higher than morbidity – most sheep do not develop tumors during their commercial lifespan.

23
Q

Transmission of Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A

Excretion: respiratory exudates. Also maybe milk.

Direct contact – aerosols, droplets

Route: respiratory

Virus can be found in tumors, lung fluids, peripheral blood leukocytes and lymphoid organs.

Before tumor development: virus is detected in lymphoreticular cells.

24
Q

IP of Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A

IP: 6 months to 3 years

Age-dependent – longer in older sheep.

25
Q

Clinical signs of Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A

Clinical signs occur ONLY in animals that have developed tumors.

Progressive emaciation, weight loss, respiratory compromise.

Thick mucus discharge from nostrils; copious frothy exudate if head is lowered.

Moist audible rales on auscultation.

Signs are slowly progressive toward severe dyspnea.

Death in days to few months, often due secondary bacterial pneumonia.

26
Q

Post mortem signs of Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A

Lungs are enlarged.

In advanced cases: they do not collapse upon opening the chest cavity.

Frothy fluid in trachea and bronchi
Tumors in lungs

Apical, cardiac and ventral portions of the diaphragmatic notches.

Vary from small nodules to solid masses.

Clearly demarcated, firm, gray or pinkish-gray.

On cut surfaces: glistening and granular, frothy fluid expressed.

Often secondary pneumonia and fibrinous pleuritis.

Tumor metastasis only to nearby LNs.

27
Q

Suspect Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma when

A

chronic respiratory signs, particularly in 2-4-year-old animals with frothy mucoid discharge from the nostrils.

28
Q

What positional test can you do on live sheep to diagnose ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma?

A

“Wheelbarrow test” – to check for excess fluid in the lungs

29
Q

Material for diagnosis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

A

Tumor (lung and regional LNs)
Lung fluid
Blood (peripheral)
Colostrum, milk

30
Q

Lab analyses for diagnosis of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

A

Histopathology
Detecting viral antigens
Detecting viral RNA – PCR

No culture and no serology!
Absence of an immunological response.

31
Q

Tx of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A

No Tx
No vaccine

32
Q

Prevention & control of ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

A

Replacement from flocks with no dz history.

To reduce losses: remove affected sheep and the offspring of infected ewes.

Does not eradicate the dz from flock!

Good disinfection and general hygiene.

Infectious diseases I & II (33 decks)

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