Inf. diseases II - Swine diseases (reproduction, varia) 2/2 Flashcards
Swine erysipelas is an infectious disease of swine, caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and is characterized by
sudden death, skin lesions and arthritis,
Causative agent of erysipelas.
Gram pos. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Erysipelas serovars.
28 serovars
most common ones in pigs: 1 and 2
Non-pathogenic serovars are Erysipelothrix tonsillarum.
Survival of erysipelas in the environment.
Can survive in soil or dung for 6 months.
Host range of erysipelas:
swine,
other mammals (sheep),
birds (turkeys)
Reported worldwide.
Target demo. for swine erysipelas.
Clinical disease in growing-finishing pigs
- <8 week-olds do not get infected due to colostral immunity.
Morbidity of erysipelas.
In unvaccinated pigs:
Morbidity 10-30%
Mortality of erysipelas.
In unvaccinated pigs:
Mortality <75%
Transmission of erysipelas.
Excretion: saliva, nasal secretions, urine, feces
Direct contact
Fomites (contaminated feed)
Route: skin abrasions, alimentary
Course of disease in erysipelas. (3)
Course: acute, subacute and chronic
Also subclinical which turns chronic.
Clinical signs of acute erysipelas. (3)
Sudden deaths
Fever, stiff walk on toes, depression, anorexia, thirst
Skin lesions – widespread discoloration of the ears, snout and abdomen, diamond-shaped skin lesions anywhere on the body
Clinical signs of subacute erysipelas. (3)
Characteristic skin lesions – may not persist more than few days.
Inappetence, mild fever
Clinical signs of chronic erysipelas. (2)
Arthritis
Endocarditis
Post mortem signs of erysipelas. (4)
Skin lesions, widespread ecchymotic hemorrhages (kidney, pleura, peritoneum), venous infarction of stomach.
Nonsuppurative proliferative arthritis
Vegetative endocarditis
Material for diagnosis of erysipelas. (2)
Blood
Tissue samples (e.g. LNs)
Lab analyses for diagnosis of erysipelas. (3)
Culture
Isolation of the organism
PCR
Tx of erysipelas.
Penicillin; tetracyclines
In 3 days – most show signs of getting better after 24h.
In chronic cases Tx is not so efficient anymore.
Prevention & control of erysipelas. (3)
Good animal husbandry,
hygiene and biosafety.
Minimize stress
Vaccination
Erysipelas in humans.
Human Erysipelas IS NOT caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae!
Causative agent: Streptococcus spp
In humans – Erysipeloid: cutaneous form (hands).
Do not get confused by the same name!
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV) is a contagious vesicular disease of swine, caused by Vesivirus, and is characterized by s
fever and vesicles on snout, lips, nostrils, tongue, feet and mammary gland.
Causative agent of Vesicular exanthema of swine virus.
genus, family etc.
Genus Vesivirus,
family Caliciviridae
RNA virus
serotypes of VESV
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus.
13 serotypes
Host range of Vesicular exanthema of swine virus.
swine
Has occurred only in US.
Mortality of VESV.
Mortality 5-10% (piglets)
Transmission of VESV.
Excretion: vesicle fluid; saliva, urine, feces
Direct contact
Fomites
Route: alimentary or transcutaneous
IP of VESV.
IP: 24-72h
Clinical signs of VESV.
High fever
Lethargy, anorexia
Lameness
Vesicles in the mouth, on the snout, on the teats and udder and on the coronary skin, the sole, the heel bulbs and between the claws.
Clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases (e.g. FMD)!
Post mortem signs of VESV.
Vesicles and ulcers on snout, lips, nostrils, tongue, feet and mammary glands.
Material for diagnosis of VESV. (2)
Vesicle fluid
Vesicle epithelia
Lab analyses for diagnosis of VESV. (3)
Virus isolation
Serology
PCR
Tx of VESV.
no tx! no vaccine either.
Prevention & control of VESV. (3)
During outbreak:
stamp out.
Quarantine
Avoid feeding garbage (if, then boiled)
Swine vesicular disease (SVD) is a contagious virosis, caused by Picornavirus, that is characterised by
pyrexia and vesicular lesion on the snout, feet and teats.
Causative agent of SVDV.
Genus and family etc.
= swine vesicular disease virus
genus Enterovirus
family Picornaviridae
RNA-virus
Serotypes of SVDV.
one serotype
Survival of Swine vesicular disease virus in the environment. (3)
Virus can be inactivated >70⁰C
Resistant in pH 2,5-12
Virus survives long in the environment and meat products - up to 2 years in dried, salted or smoked meat.
Host range of Swine vesicular disease virus.
swine
potential zoonosis: few laboratory workers
In many countries this dz has been eradicated.
Morbidity of Swine vesicular disease virus.
Morbidity <100%
Mortality of Swine vesicular disease virus.
Low mortality (piglets <10%)
Transmission of Swine vesicular disease virus.
Excretion:
faeces - shedding <3 months
nose and mouth
vesicle fluids
Direct contact
Indirect contact
Route: transcutaneous, transmucosal; ingestion
Clinical signs of Swine vesicular disease virus. (3)
Vesicles and erosions on snout, feet and teats.
Pyrexia, lameness
Post mortem lesions of Swine vesicular disease virus.
vesicles
Material for diagnosis of Swine vesicular disease virus. (2)
from unruptured vesicles epithelia and fluids
Lab analyses for diagnosis of Swine vesicular disease virus. (4)
virus isolation
detection of SVD viral antigen
monoclonal antibodies (ELISA)
RT-PCR for detecting viral RNA
Prevention & control of Swine vesicular disease virus. (3)
movement control, prohibition of garbage feeding etc.
Vaccinate? -NO
EU strategy: “stamping out”, slaughter infected.
IP of swine vesicular disease virus.
Incubation period: 2-7 days - dependent on the route of entry.
